scholarly journals The efficiency of growing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different levels of lysine and methionine in feeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
V. Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

The article considers the issue of the effectiveness of the use of complete feed with different levels of lysine and methionine for the cultivation of rainbow trout. Experimental studies on this yearling rainbow trout є (Walbaum, 1792) were conducted in the farm «Shipot» Perechyn district of Transcarpathian region. The aim of the experiment was to establish the effect of different levels of amino acid nutrition of this yearling trout on its performance. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the method of analogues. The experiment lasted 55 days and was divided into two periods: equalization (5 days) and basic (50 days). During the equalization period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the basic period, the level of lysine and methionine in experimental feeds for different experimental groups of trout ranged from 2.7 to 3.1% and from 0.85 to 1.05%, respectively. Trout were fed 6 times a day during the growing season. The required amount of feed was calculated according to the indicators of individual weight of young and the temperature of the environment at the time of feeding. Trout were grown in ponds at a water level of 1 m. Weighing of experimental young trout was performed once every 5 days. It is proved that the reduction of lysine content to 2.7% and methionine to 0.85% in compound feed for this year trout weighing more than 10 g causes a significant (p<0.05) decrease in fish productivity. In particular, it was found that feeding compound feeds with the above amino acid levels helps to reduce trout weight by 10.4% and reduce growth rate by 9.1–19.9% compared to fish fed lysine and methionine at level 2.9 and 0.95%, respectively. The increase in these indicators in the feed for trout this year is accompanied by some positive trend to increase their productivity, but no significant difference has been established. In the course of research it was determined that the feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain in this year of trout, which received feed with a content of lysine 3.0% and methionine 1.0% were lower by 10.3%, and with the content of these amino acids at level 2.7 and 0.85%, respectively — 17.1% higher compared to fish that consumed food with a content of lysine 2.9 and methionine 0.95%. The use of complete feed with different levels of lysine and methionine for feeding trout this year did not significantly affect the safety of fish, which was in the range of 82.0–83.1%. For the production of trout products in terms of maximum productivity and economic optimization criteria, for feeding trout weighing more than 10 g, it is recommended to use complete feed with a level of lysine — 3.0% and methionine — 1.0%.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF AMINO ACID NUTRITION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINBOW TROUT

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Vadym Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Growth Intensity ◽  
High Amino Acid ◽  
Different Levels

The article considers the effectiveness of complete feed with different levels of lysine and methionine for growing rainbow trout up to 10 g. The experiment aimed to establish the effect of different levels of amino acid nutrition of trout on its productivity. For this purpose, five experimental groups of this year were formed by the method of analogues. The experiment lasted 45 days and was divided into two periods: equalization (5 days) and main (40 days). During the equalization period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the main period, the level of lysine and methionine in experimental feeds for different experimental groups of trout ranged from 2.8 to 3.2 % and from 0.90 to 1.10 %, respectively. As a result of research, it was found that the use of trout weighing up to 10 g of feed with high amino acid nutrition (3.1 % lysine, 1.05 % methionine) in the feeding of this year is accompanied by an increase in their weight by 9.2 % (p <0.05) and growth intensity - by 4.1-9.3 %, compared with analogues who consumed feed with the content of lysine of 3.0% and methionine of 1.0%. The reduction of these amino acids to the levels of 2.8 and 0.9 %, respectively, contributes to a probable decrease (p <0.01) in the weight of fish by 14.1 %, and a decrease in growth intensity by 8.7-17.3 %. It was proved that different levels of amino acid nutrition of young trout significantly (p <0.01) affected the weight of experimental fish. The share of influence of this factor is 61.4 %, which is 22.8 % more than the influence of other factors. In the course of research, it was determined that when growing rainbow trout this year up to 10 g, feeding them compound feeds with lysine and methionine content of 3.1 and 1.05% helps to reduce feed costs per unit weight gain by 12.5 %, compared with using feeds with levels of these amino acids of 2.8 and 0.9 %, respectively. At the same time, the safety of the experimental fish throughout the experiment corresponded to the normative indicators in trout farming and was in the range of 76.0-77.3 %. The analysis of the obtained fish farming results showed that for the production of trout products according to the indicators of maximum productivity and economic optimization criteria it is recommended to use complete feed with a level of 3.1% lysine and 1.05% methionine for feeding rainbow trout.

scholarly journals Rearing larvae and juveniles of rainbow trout with different amino acid nutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kondratiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Larvae And Juveniles ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Juvenile Trout ◽  
High Level

The article considers the efficiency of using complete compound feeds with different levels of lysine and methionine in rearing larvae and juveniles of rainbow trout. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the effect of different amino acid levels in nutrition of juvenile trout on its productivity. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the method of analogues. The experiment lasted 35 days and was divided into two periods: equalizing (5 days) and main (30 days). During the equalizing period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the main period, the levels of lysine and methionine in experimental feeds for different experimental groups of trout ranged from 2.9 to 3.3% and from 0.95 to 3.15%, respectively. It is proved that increasing the content of lysine and methionine in feed for larvae and juveniles of rainbow trout to the levels of 3.2 and 1.1%, respectively, promotes increase in their weight by 10.7% (p <0.01) and growth intensity - by 6.4-11.1%, while further increase in these amino acids content in the feed reduces the productivity of fish. Polynomial equations for determining the juvenile fish weight at any stage of rearing at a high level of determination for each of the experimental groups have been calculated. It was found that with an increase in the content of lysine and methionine in feed to the levels of 3.2 and 1.1%, respectively, reduces feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain in trout larvae and juveniles by 4.1%, and a further increase in levels of these amino acids to 3.3 and 1.15%, respectively, increase this index by 1.1%. The experimental fish survival ranged from 83.9 to 85.1%. In the production of trout according to the criteria of maximum productivity and to the economic optimization criteria, it is recommended to use complete feed with the level of lysine - 3.2% and methionine - 1.1% for feeding trout larvae and juveniles.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding of chelated zinc form on security, productivity and slaughter parameters of broilers

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Tetiana Fotina ◽  
Hanna Fotina ◽  
Svitlana Nazarenko ◽  
Roman Tymoshenko ◽  
Oleksii Fotin
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Veterinary Faculty ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The results of the effect of feeding the chelated form of Zinc on the safety, productivity and slaughter parameters of broiler chickens are presented. The aim of this study was to determine the safety, productivity and slaughter parameters of broilers on the background of feeding chelated form of Zinc. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2020 on broiler chickens cross Cobb-500 in the vivarium of the Veterinary Faculty of Sumy National Agrarian University (Ukraine), divided into two groups on the principle of analogues (control and experimental) of 50 broilers each. The source of zinc for chickens in the control group was their sulfates. Chelated forms of Zinc were used for broiler chickens of the experimental group. All groups of broiler chickens were administered the compound with compound feed in a dose that corresponded to the daily requirement of the bird in this trace element. The duration of the experiment is 42 days. The growth and development of broilers were evaluated on the basis of determining the relevant zootechnical indicators. Live weight of birds was determined by individual weighing on scales of the VNC type with an accuracy of ±1 g at the age of 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. Both scientific and economic experiments also determined the preservation of livestock - daily by the number of culled and dead birds. Feed consumption was recorded daily, for each week of cultivation and for the entire period of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the cost of feed per 1 kg of live gained weight was calculated. Results. According to the results of the conducted researches, it was established that feeding of the chelated form of Zinc probably increased both the average daily gain and the total live weight of broiler chickens at different age periods of rearing. The live weight of chickens at the beginning of the experiment was almost the same, but at 7 days of age it tended to increase in chickens of the experimental group, although a significant difference between groups in this indicator was not found. It was found that the weight of uneviscerated, semi-eviscerated and eviscerated chicken in poultry of the experimental group was greater than similar indicators in the young animals of the control group by 9.3, 9.2, and 9.8 %, and this difference was significant (p<0.01). The yield of semi-eviscerated carcasses was higher in ones of the experimental group (84.19 %), and the difference was significant (p<0.05). Conclusions. It was found that the live weight of chickens of the experimental group (consumption of feed with a chelated form of Zinc) prevailed at 7 days of age by 1.1 g; on the 14th day – on 22.1 g (p<0.01); at 21 days – 35.4 g (p<0.01); at 28 days – 94.5 g (p<0.05); at 35 days – 133.6 g (p<0.01); at 42 days – at 218.9 g (p<0.05). Preservation of young animals in the experimental group, which used chelated compounds of Zinc, was higher and amounted to 96 %, compared with the control – 92 %. By age, feed costs per unit weight gain were lower in the experiment, respectively: 0.05; 0.08; 0.12; 0.06; 0.07 and 0.05 kg, compared to the control group. Growing broiler chickens on compound feed with a chelated form of Zinc by 9.8 % (p<0.01) increases the weight of the eviscerated carcass.

scholarly journals Вплив різних рівнів кальцію та фосфору у комбікормах на мінеральний склад скелету японських перепелів

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
L. M. Zlamanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Different Levels

<p>The authors investigated the effect of different levels of calcium and phosphorus in the mixed fodder on mineral composition of Japanese quail skeleton. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of the Problematic Research Laboratory of Mixed Fodder Additives, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (Kiev, Ukraine). We selected Japanese quail as the material for scientific and economic experience.</p><p>The experiment was conducted by groups-analogues method. Fodder was in the dry loose form. The difference in feeding was due to different levels of calcium and phosphorus in the feed for experimental groups. In the beginning of the experiment the experimental quail were similar regards live weight while in the end we did not detect significant difference in their mass. Nevertheless, we observed little decrease in live weight with increasing of phosphorus up to 1.4 % and calcium up to 3.5 %. We fixed that water content in the quail skeletons from Group 4, 5 and 6th study groups (calcium 4.0 %, phosphorus 0.8, 1,1 and 1,4 % respectively) were smaller in comparison with quails from Control, Group 2 and 3 (calcium content 3.5 % with the same level of phosphorus). We also determined increasing of dry matter content in the skeleton by 2.5 – 2.8 % while increasing the content of calcium and phosphorus in mixed fodder of quails-hens (Group 4, 5 and 6). The phosphorus content in quail skeleton depended on the level of phosphorus in the mixed fodder and can be up to 0.39-0.66 % in the bones. The simultaneous increase in the level of phosphorus and calcium in mixed fodder of experimental groups was accompanied by increase in the concentration of calcium and magnesium in the quail skeleton by 0.85–0.87 and 0.01–0.07 per cent respectively.</p>

EFFICIENCY OF USING MIXED FEEDS WITH DIFFERENT ENERGY LEVELS IN FEEDING LARVAE AND FRY RAINBOW TROUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
V. M. Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Growth Intensity ◽  
Mixed Feeds ◽  
Different Levels

The article considers the effectiveness of the use of mixed feeds with different levels of metabolic energy for the cultivation of larvae and fry of rainbow trout. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of different levels of energy supply of trout on its performance. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the method of analogues. During the equalization period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the main period, the level of metabolic energy in trout feed ranged from 14 to 18 MJ. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that the increase of energy content in compound feed for trout larvae and fry from 16 to 18 MJ contributes to the increase of their weight by 11.1 % (p < 0.05) and growth intensity - by 5.6-14.2 %, while the reduction of energy content to 14 MJ / kg contributes to a probable decrease (p < 0.05) in mass by 11.9%, and a decrease in growth intensity by 6.0-14.7 %. It is proved that the feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain in trout larvae and fry, which received feed with an energy content of 18 MJ was lower by 5.1 %, and with its content of 14 MJ - 4.8 % higher compared to fish consuming feed with an energy content of 16 MJ / kg. The safety of the experimental fish throughout the experiment was close and ranged from 83.1 to 84.9 %. However, it is most economically feasible to grow trout that consume feed with a nutritional value of 16 MJ of metabolic energy, compared with a decrease or increase of this indicator to 14 or 18 MJ, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Apple (Malus pomila) Pomace-Derived Pectin on the Innate Immune Responses, Expressions of Key Immune-Related Genes, Growth Performance, and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Ghasem Rashidian ◽  
Hamed Ghafarifarsani ◽  
Mohammad Amin Jahazi ◽  
Mehdi Soltani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference

Pectins are a group of carbohydrates found in structural parts of terrestrial plants with wide industrial and biomedical applications. This study was designed to investigate the dietary effects of apple pomace-derived pectin (APDP) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Four formulated diets were provided with different inclusion levels of APDP for 30 days: 0, 5, 10, and 20 g kg−1; referred to as control, P1, P2, and P3, respectively. In this study, 300 fish (3.56 ± 0.007 g) were randomly distributed into twelve fiberglass tanks and fed 3% of their respective body weight four times a day. At the end of the experiment, growth parameters, including weight gain, specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly improved in P1 and P2 treatments compared to those of the other treatments. Results from proximate composition analysis showed that protein content increased, and lipid decreased in the P2 and P3 groups. Serum lysozyme, complement activity, total immunoglobulin levels, and total protein were significantly enhanced in all treatments compared to those of the control group. Gene expression results showed no significant difference in regulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β); however, up-regulation of lysozyme, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was observed in both P1 and P2. Unlike lipase, the activity of protease and amylase significantly increased in fish receiving different levels of APDP compared to the control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present findings suggest APDA as a promising feed additive for rainbow trout.

scholarly journals Hematological and biochemical indicators of rainbown trout blood depending on lysin and methionine levels in feed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. М. Kondratiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Combined Feed ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of use of complete feed with different lysine and methionine levels on the hematological and biochemical indicators of rainbow trout blood is studied in the article. The aim of the experiment was to establish the effect of different levels of amino acid nutrition of commercial rainbow trout on hematological and biochemical indicators of its blood. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the analog method. The study lasted 210 days and was divided into two periods: equalizing (10 days) and basic (200 days). In the equalizing period, the trial fish consumed feed of the control group. In the basic period of the experiment, the level of lysine and methionine in the production feed ranged from 2.5 to 2.9% and from 0.8 to 1.0%, respectively. It was found that the different content of lysine and methionine in the diets of two-year-old rainbow trout did not cause significant changes in biochemical indicators of blood. The increase in the content of limiting amino acids in the combined feed of young rainbow trout caused slight deviations in hemoglobin content compared to control. The analysis of the obtained results revealed the highest content of erythrocytes (1.28 T/l) in the blood of specimen of experimental group 5, the level of amino acids in combined feeds was the lowest. Its highest content was found in the blood plasma of trout of experimental group 4, which received combined feed with a content of 2.8 % lysine and 0.95 % methionine. The concentration of total protein in the blood serum was almost the same in all experimental groups of commercial rainbow trout. It was found that different levels of amino acid nutrition of rainbow trout did not affect the dynamics of changes in the blood cell morphology differentials.

scholarly journals Effects of copper microparticles on the growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Wal.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Savic ◽  
Radoslav Dekic
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Banja Luka

During the farming of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), losses can be very high. In aquaculture, various agents are used, such as copper, for the purpose of preventive action and prevention of the appearance of pathogens (ectoparasites, etc.). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of substrate-fixed copper microparticles on the growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) up to the age of 5 months. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory for Aquaculture of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, for 142 days in flow aquariums with a 65 l/aquarium volume. The experiment was set up in two groups (150 units/group) with three replicates (50 units/replicate), a control group without copper microparticles (K) and a group with copper microparticles (Cu). The initial weight and total body length (mean ? SD) of rainbow trout in group K were 0.199 ? 0.008 g and 2.876 ? 0.036 cm, and in group Cu 0.197 ? 0.009 g and 2.893 ? 0.038 cm. The average total length and body weight of individuals from the K and Cu groups were similar (p > 0.05). The differences in FCR, CF, SGR and TGC between group K and group Cu were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Survival of juvenile rainbow trout was high and it was 97.33% in group K and 96.00% in group Cu, and no statistically significant difference was found (p > 0.05). The growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout in the K and Cu groups were similar.

scholarly journals Effects of Diets Containing Beta-Glucan on Survival, Growth Performance, Hematological, Immunity and Biochemical Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Khanjani ◽  
Gholamreza Ghaedi ◽  
Moslem Sharifinia
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of beta-glucan in rainbow trout’s diet on survival, growth performance, hematological, immunity and biochemical parameters. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with an average weight of 6.35 ± 0.09 were stocked in 30 fiberglass tanks with a volume of 200 liters. Four treatments including: control group (0%), 0.5, 1 and 2% of beta-glucan were considered for 8 weeks. The results showed that the survival and growth performance of rainbow trout in the control group were at the lowest level and showed a significant difference with other treatments. The highest percentage of hematocrit (47.9%), white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage (35.2%) was observed in the treatment with 2% beta-glucan. Also, the highest lysosomal activity (59.7 units’ mL− 1, IgM (54.7 mg dL− 1), C3 and C4 was obtained in 2% beta-glucan treatment. Biochemical parameters showed improvement in treatments fed with 1 and 2% beta-glucan. In general, the present study showed that 2% beta-glucan in the diet of rainbow trout improves growth performance, survival, hematological, immunity and biochemical parameters.

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