scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF AMINO ACID NUTRITION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINBOW TROUT

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Vadym Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Growth Intensity ◽  
High Amino Acid ◽  
Different Levels

The article considers the effectiveness of complete feed with different levels of lysine and methionine for growing rainbow trout up to 10 g. The experiment aimed to establish the effect of different levels of amino acid nutrition of trout on its productivity. For this purpose, five experimental groups of this year were formed by the method of analogues. The experiment lasted 45 days and was divided into two periods: equalization (5 days) and main (40 days). During the equalization period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the main period, the level of lysine and methionine in experimental feeds for different experimental groups of trout ranged from 2.8 to 3.2 % and from 0.90 to 1.10 %, respectively. As a result of research, it was found that the use of trout weighing up to 10 g of feed with high amino acid nutrition (3.1 % lysine, 1.05 % methionine) in the feeding of this year is accompanied by an increase in their weight by 9.2 % (p <0.05) and growth intensity - by 4.1-9.3 %, compared with analogues who consumed feed with the content of lysine of 3.0% and methionine of 1.0%. The reduction of these amino acids to the levels of 2.8 and 0.9 %, respectively, contributes to a probable decrease (p <0.01) in the weight of fish by 14.1 %, and a decrease in growth intensity by 8.7-17.3 %. It was proved that different levels of amino acid nutrition of young trout significantly (p <0.01) affected the weight of experimental fish. The share of influence of this factor is 61.4 %, which is 22.8 % more than the influence of other factors. In the course of research, it was determined that when growing rainbow trout this year up to 10 g, feeding them compound feeds with lysine and methionine content of 3.1 and 1.05% helps to reduce feed costs per unit weight gain by 12.5 %, compared with using feeds with levels of these amino acids of 2.8 and 0.9 %, respectively. At the same time, the safety of the experimental fish throughout the experiment corresponded to the normative indicators in trout farming and was in the range of 76.0-77.3 %. The analysis of the obtained fish farming results showed that for the production of trout products according to the indicators of maximum productivity and economic optimization criteria it is recommended to use complete feed with a level of 3.1% lysine and 1.05% methionine for feeding rainbow trout.

scholarly journals Rearing larvae and juveniles of rainbow trout with different amino acid nutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kondratiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Larvae And Juveniles ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Juvenile Trout ◽  
High Level

The article considers the efficiency of using complete compound feeds with different levels of lysine and methionine in rearing larvae and juveniles of rainbow trout. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the effect of different amino acid levels in nutrition of juvenile trout on its productivity. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the method of analogues. The experiment lasted 35 days and was divided into two periods: equalizing (5 days) and main (30 days). During the equalizing period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the main period, the levels of lysine and methionine in experimental feeds for different experimental groups of trout ranged from 2.9 to 3.3% and from 0.95 to 3.15%, respectively. It is proved that increasing the content of lysine and methionine in feed for larvae and juveniles of rainbow trout to the levels of 3.2 and 1.1%, respectively, promotes increase in their weight by 10.7% (p <0.01) and growth intensity - by 6.4-11.1%, while further increase in these amino acids content in the feed reduces the productivity of fish. Polynomial equations for determining the juvenile fish weight at any stage of rearing at a high level of determination for each of the experimental groups have been calculated. It was found that with an increase in the content of lysine and methionine in feed to the levels of 3.2 and 1.1%, respectively, reduces feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain in trout larvae and juveniles by 4.1%, and a further increase in levels of these amino acids to 3.3 and 1.15%, respectively, increase this index by 1.1%. The experimental fish survival ranged from 83.9 to 85.1%. In the production of trout according to the criteria of maximum productivity and to the economic optimization criteria, it is recommended to use complete feed with the level of lysine - 3.2% and methionine - 1.1% for feeding trout larvae and juveniles.

scholarly journals The efficiency of growing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different levels of lysine and methionine in feeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
V. Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

The article considers the issue of the effectiveness of the use of complete feed with different levels of lysine and methionine for the cultivation of rainbow trout. Experimental studies on this yearling rainbow trout є (Walbaum, 1792) were conducted in the farm «Shipot» Perechyn district of Transcarpathian region. The aim of the experiment was to establish the effect of different levels of amino acid nutrition of this yearling trout on its performance. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the method of analogues. The experiment lasted 55 days and was divided into two periods: equalization (5 days) and basic (50 days). During the equalization period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the basic period, the level of lysine and methionine in experimental feeds for different experimental groups of trout ranged from 2.7 to 3.1% and from 0.85 to 1.05%, respectively. Trout were fed 6 times a day during the growing season. The required amount of feed was calculated according to the indicators of individual weight of young and the temperature of the environment at the time of feeding. Trout were grown in ponds at a water level of 1 m. Weighing of experimental young trout was performed once every 5 days. It is proved that the reduction of lysine content to 2.7% and methionine to 0.85% in compound feed for this year trout weighing more than 10 g causes a significant (p<0.05) decrease in fish productivity. In particular, it was found that feeding compound feeds with the above amino acid levels helps to reduce trout weight by 10.4% and reduce growth rate by 9.1–19.9% compared to fish fed lysine and methionine at level 2.9 and 0.95%, respectively. The increase in these indicators in the feed for trout this year is accompanied by some positive trend to increase their productivity, but no significant difference has been established. In the course of research it was determined that the feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain in this year of trout, which received feed with a content of lysine 3.0% and methionine 1.0% were lower by 10.3%, and with the content of these amino acids at level 2.7 and 0.85%, respectively — 17.1% higher compared to fish that consumed food with a content of lysine 2.9 and methionine 0.95%. The use of complete feed with different levels of lysine and methionine for feeding trout this year did not significantly affect the safety of fish, which was in the range of 82.0–83.1%. For the production of trout products in terms of maximum productivity and economic optimization criteria, for feeding trout weighing more than 10 g, it is recommended to use complete feed with a level of lysine — 3.0% and methionine — 1.0%.

EFFICIENCY OF USING MIXED FEEDS WITH DIFFERENT ENERGY LEVELS IN FEEDING LARVAE AND FRY RAINBOW TROUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
V. M. Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Growth Intensity ◽  
Mixed Feeds ◽  
Different Levels

The article considers the effectiveness of the use of mixed feeds with different levels of metabolic energy for the cultivation of larvae and fry of rainbow trout. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of different levels of energy supply of trout on its performance. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the method of analogues. During the equalization period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the main period, the level of metabolic energy in trout feed ranged from 14 to 18 MJ. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that the increase of energy content in compound feed for trout larvae and fry from 16 to 18 MJ contributes to the increase of their weight by 11.1 % (p < 0.05) and growth intensity - by 5.6-14.2 %, while the reduction of energy content to 14 MJ / kg contributes to a probable decrease (p < 0.05) in mass by 11.9%, and a decrease in growth intensity by 6.0-14.7 %. It is proved that the feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain in trout larvae and fry, which received feed with an energy content of 18 MJ was lower by 5.1 %, and with its content of 14 MJ - 4.8 % higher compared to fish consuming feed with an energy content of 16 MJ / kg. The safety of the experimental fish throughout the experiment was close and ranged from 83.1 to 84.9 %. However, it is most economically feasible to grow trout that consume feed with a nutritional value of 16 MJ of metabolic energy, compared with a decrease or increase of this indicator to 14 or 18 MJ, respectively.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINBOW TROUT DEPENDING ON PROTEIN LEVELS IN PRODUCTIVE FEED

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
V. M. Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Growth Intensity ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Different Levels

The article considers the efficiency of using complete feeds with different levels of protein in rearing commercial rainbow trout. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the effect of different protein levels in nutrition of two-year old trout on its productivity. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the method of analogues. During the equalizing period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the main period, the protein level in trout feed ranged from 44 to 52 % per 1 kg. As a result of the studies it was established that the increase of protein content in compound feed from 48 to 52 % leads to an increase in the weight of commercial fish by 13.0 % (p < 0.001), an increase in its growth intensity – by 7.4-16.7 %, while the reduction of protein in feed to 44 % leads to a reliable (p < 0.05) reduction in trout weight by 9.4 %, and a decrease in its growth intensity - by 6.5-12.1 %. It is proved that different levels of experimental trout’s protein nutrition have a highly reliable (p < 0.001) effect on the growth of marketable fish - the share of this factor’s influence is 89.8 %. Analysis of the feed costs, proves that using combined feed with 52 % protein for feeding two-year old trout, leads to a decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain by 5.1 %, whereas reducing this index to 44% causes increase of feed costs by 6.4 % per a unit of product, compared to feeding fish with production feed having the protein content of 48 %. At this, the preservation of experimental fish was high enough and made 94.3 to 96.2 %. In rearing trouts according to the criteria of maximum productivity, it is recommended to feed commercial trout with production combined feeds with the protein level of 52 %, whereas, in production according to the economic optimization criteria, this index should make 48 %.

scholarly journals Hematological and biochemical indicators of rainbown trout blood depending on lysin and methionine levels in feed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. М. Kondratiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Combined Feed ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of use of complete feed with different lysine and methionine levels on the hematological and biochemical indicators of rainbow trout blood is studied in the article. The aim of the experiment was to establish the effect of different levels of amino acid nutrition of commercial rainbow trout on hematological and biochemical indicators of its blood. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the analog method. The study lasted 210 days and was divided into two periods: equalizing (10 days) and basic (200 days). In the equalizing period, the trial fish consumed feed of the control group. In the basic period of the experiment, the level of lysine and methionine in the production feed ranged from 2.5 to 2.9% and from 0.8 to 1.0%, respectively. It was found that the different content of lysine and methionine in the diets of two-year-old rainbow trout did not cause significant changes in biochemical indicators of blood. The increase in the content of limiting amino acids in the combined feed of young rainbow trout caused slight deviations in hemoglobin content compared to control. The analysis of the obtained results revealed the highest content of erythrocytes (1.28 T/l) in the blood of specimen of experimental group 5, the level of amino acids in combined feeds was the lowest. Its highest content was found in the blood plasma of trout of experimental group 4, which received combined feed with a content of 2.8 % lysine and 0.95 % methionine. The concentration of total protein in the blood serum was almost the same in all experimental groups of commercial rainbow trout. It was found that different levels of amino acid nutrition of rainbow trout did not affect the dynamics of changes in the blood cell morphology differentials.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary amino acid abundance and isotopic composition on the growth rate, metabolism and tissue δ13C of rainbow trout

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1764-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Gaye-Siessegger ◽  
James S. O. McCullagh ◽  
Ulfert Focken
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid

The aim of the present study was to test whether the dietary non-essential/conditionally essential amino acid composition has an effect on growth and protein utilisation and on δ13C of individual amino acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were reared on six purified diets containing only synthetic amino acids in place of protein. Diet 1 mimicked the amino acid composition of fishmeal, in diet 2, cysteine (Cys), glycine (Gly), proline (Pro) and tyrosine (Tyr) were isonitrogenously replaced by their precursor amino acids serine (Ser), glutamic acid (Glu) and phenylalanine (Phe), and in diet 3, alanine (Ala), asparagine and aspartate, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser and Tyr were isonitrogenously replaced by Glu. Diets 4, 5 and 6 resembled diets 1, 2 and 3 except that Glu contained 0·1 % 13C-enriched Glu. A control group was reared on a fishmeal-based diet. A total of forty-two trout (4·7 (sd 0·57) g) were fed one of the diets at a level of 3·5 % body mass for 10 weeks in a flow-through system. Dietary non-essential amino acid composition significantly influenced protein gain (P < 0·025) and δ13C of Ala, arginine (Arg), Gly, histidine (His), Phe and Tyr. Non-enriched Glu was predominantly found in trout fed 13C-enriched Glu, which is consistent with the fact that Glu has been shown to be used extensively in the gut as an energy source but is less consistent with the enrichment of Pro in fish fed diet 6 compared with fish fed diet 3. Further research is required to better understand the mechanisms that lead to the alteration of amino acid δ13C between diet and body tissues.

scholarly journals Теоретичне обгрунтування співвідношення треоніну і триптофану у раціонах ремонтних курчат

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
M.J. Krivenok ◽  
I.I. Ilchuk ◽  
V.M. Mykhalska
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Different Levels

<p>We determined the optimal content and ratio of threonine and tryptophan in the mix fodder of replacement chicks at different periods of their growing. We studied the effect of different levels of threonine and tryptophan in mixed fodder on chicken growth and development. We registered that under optimal AA content and ratio the replacement chickens at the end of the growing period outweighed the chickens from control group by 140 g. We also studied the influence of different content of AA and temporal changes in their ratio on digestibility of feed nutrients by replacement chickens from market egg flock. It was found that the optimal content of threonine and tryptophan and their ratio at certain periods of chicken growth caused the increase in digestibility of protein by 2 %, fiber – by 1 %, and BEV – by 2 %. We also proved that the decrease or increase of AA ratio in mix fodder of replacement chickens leads to the manifestation of antagonism between amino acids and the deterioration of their function in bird organism. The changes in AA ratio had significant effects on chicken productivity, the digestibility of feed nutrients, the assimilation, and efficiency of amino acid use. This effects were considerably stronger than the effect of changes in AA content. The degree of influence of the ratio between threonine and tryptophan varies throughout the growing period, it has been established that the ratio of threonine to tryptophan in the period of limited chick feeding (9-6 weeks) has a lesser effect on the productivity of repair young (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.89) the second one (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92) and the last growing periods (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92). We performed a mathematical model (polynomial trend line) to describe the growth of replacement chickens during all experiment periods, the pattern of dependences between chicken organism and AA content, AA ratio, age, and productivity. This nonlinear model is more relevant and reliable than linear dependence.</p>

Investigation of dependences of the morphological composition of body and amino acid composition of trout meat proteins (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on levels of the energy value of feeds

10.5219/1601 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 497-505
Author(s):  
Vadym Kondratiuk ◽  
Volodymyr Otchenashko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Meat Proteins

The article studies the effect of using complete compound feeds with different energy levels on the morphological composition of the body and the amino acid composition of trout meat proteins. The experiment aimed to establish the influence of different levels of energy nutrition of commercial rainbow trout on the morphological composition of their body and the amino acid composition of meat proteins. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed using the analog method. The study lasted 210 days and was divided into two periods: comparative (10 days) and main (200 days). During the comparative period, the study fish consumed compound feed of the control group. During the main period, the energy level in experimental compound feeds for different experimental trout groups ranged from 16 to 20 mJ per 1 kg. It was found that with an increase in the mass of two-year-old trout, the mass of muscle tissue and the yield of edible parts probably increases. Feeding fish with an increased amount of metabolic energy (20 mJ.kg-1) resulted in a significant change in the weight of internal organs, including the heart, liver, and kidneys. Increasing the metabolic energy in the compound feeds of fish from 18 mJ.kg-1 to 19 – 20 mJ.kg-1 leads to a significant increase in bowel mass by 13.3 – 5.0%. An increase in the level of metabolic energy in rainbow trout diets from 18 mJ.kg-1 to 19 – 20 mJ.kg-1 contributed to a likely increase in the methionine content in meat. A similar pattern was observed for the tryptophan content. It was found that the content of most essential amino acids in the protein of rainbow trout meat exceeds the corresponding values in the "ideal" protein, except for the content of isoleucine and leucine, which refers them to limiting amino acids.

Effect of different levels of amino acids on carcass composition and yield in broilers

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
High Amino Acid ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the carcass yield and composition of 200 Arian male broilers fed diets (starter and grower) with different levels of amino acids requirements (high, medium, standard and low amino acids) in a completely randomised experimental design. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Increased proportion of breast and thigh to bodyweight ratio were also obtained by increasing the level of amino acids from standard to high amino acids at 42 days of age (P < 0.05). In broilers receiving 120% of National Research Council amino acids, bodyweight at 42 days of age increased significantly by 202 g compared with standard amino acids diet. Feeding broilers with a high amino acid diet significantly (P < 0.05) increased carcass, breast, thigh and abdominal fat weights compared with standard group. Treatment with high amino acids had significantly higher levels of crude protein, lysine, and methionine percentage of breast and thigh meat in Arian broilers. The results of this study suggest that additional amino acids in starter and grower diets optimised bodyweight gain in Arian broiler, whereas reductions in amino acid levels reduced growth and liveweight.

scholarly journals REARING RAINBOW TROUT JUVENILE FISH OF THIS YEAR AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROTEIN IN FEED STUFFS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
V. M. Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Protein Nutrition ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Growth Intensity

The article considers the efficacy of using complete feed stuffs with different protein levels for rearing rainbow trout juvenile fish up to 10 g. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the influence of different protein nutrition levels on trout productivity indices. For this purpose, five experimental groups of this year juvenile fish were formed by the method of analogues. The control group of fish consumed feed stuffs with the protein level of 52%. During the comparative period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the main period, the level of crude protein in trout feed stuffs ranged from 48 to 56% per 1 kg. As a result of the study performed, it was found that the use of feed stuffs with high protein nutrition (56 %) in feeding of this year trout is accompanied by an increase in their weight by 12.3 % (p < 0.01) and their growth intensity - by 7.1-15.7 % , compared to the analogues who consumed feed with the protein level of 52 %. Reduction of this index to the level of 48% contributes to a probable reduction (p < 0.05) in weight by 11.5 %, and a decrease in growth intensity by 5.8-13.8 %. It has been proved that the cost of feed per 1 kg of weight gain in this year trout, which consumed feed stuff with a protein content of 56 %, was lower by 5.5 %, and with its content at 48 % - by 7.4 % higher, compared to fish that consumed feed stuff with the protein content of 52 %. At the same time, the safety of the experimental fish throughout the experiment was compliant with the normative indices in trout farming and was within the range of 75.2-78.1 %. The analysis of the obtained fish farming results showed that the most economically feasible is rearing of this year trout juvenile fish, who consume feed stuff with the protein nutritional value of 52 %, compared to a decrease or increase in this index to 48 and 56 %, respectively.

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