Seed briquette composition for the direct seeding of Gmelina Gmelina arborea Roxb.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Andreas Therapy ◽  
Dolly Priatna ◽  
Dede Jajat Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Survival And Growth

The study of the effect of briquette composition on the seedling survival and growth of Gmelina in the field with the Randomized Group Design (RGD) experimental method. The parameters observed in the seed briquette composition test in the field were seedling diameter, seedling height and life percentage. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Test using SAS and SPSS programmes to determine the success of the seed briquette composition test. The composition of seed briquette has a significant effect on the survival percentage and growth of direct seeding Gmelina in the field. The application of the composition of B-5 with land preparation in the form of cleaning gives the best percentage of life and growth of Gmelina seedlings. This composition also gave a high growth of 45.29 cm, a diameter of 5.16 cm and a percentage of life of 58.33%. The composition of the B-5 seed briquettes has a proportional composition of the main ingredients in the form of soil and compost which is 20% and 40% as a growing medium and a source of nutrition for Gmelina seedling growth.Penelitian  tentang  pengaruh  komposisi briket terhadap  persen hidup serta  pertumbuhan  Gmelina  di lapangan  dengan  metode eksperimen Rancangan  Acak Kelompok (RAK). Parameter yang diamati pada uji komposisi briket benih di lapangan adalah diameter semai, tinggi semai dan persentase hidup. Data dianalisis dengan Analisis Ragam dan Uji Duncan dengan menggunakan program SAS dan SPSS untuk mengetahui  keberhasilan dari uji komposisi briket benih. Komposisi briket benih berpengaruh  nyata  terhadap persentase hidup dan pertumbuhan direct  seeding  Gmelina di lapangan.  Penerapan komposisi B-5 dengan persiapan lahan berupa pembersihan memberikan persentase hidup dan pertumbuhan semai Gmelina terbaik. Komposisi ini juga memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi sebesar 45,29 cm, diameter sebesar 5,16 cm dan persen hidup sebesar 58,33%. Komposisi briket benih B-5 memiliki komposisi bahan utama berupa tanah dan kompos yang proporsional yaitu sebesar 20% dan 40% sebagai media tanam dan sumber nutrisi untuk pertumbuhan semai Gmelina.

Initial Pinustaeda seedling height relationships with early survival and growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 867-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Tuttle ◽  
D. B. South ◽  
M. S. Golden ◽  
R. S. Meldahl
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Survival And Growth

Initial planting height of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings from several nurseries and seed sources was related to survival and height growth on "good" and "poor" planting chances in Alabama. A planting chance was classified as poor if 2-year survival was less than 75% and total 2-year height growth was less than 75 cm. Seedling height (measured immediately following planting) was negatively related to survival, and the slope of the regression was four times greater when the planting chance was classified as poor than when it was classified as good. Initial height was also negatively related to 2-year height growth on poor planting chances, with shorter seedlings at planting reaching the same total height as taller ones after two seasons. As a result, initial field height on poor planting chances had little impact on total seedling height after two growing seasons. Therefore, there was no height growth advantage gained by planting seedlings taller than 20 cm when survival was less than 75%. Planting seedlings with heights of 20–34 cm was less of a problem when the planting chance was good. The use of shorter seedlings on planting chances where low survival may be expected may significantly increase loblolly pine seedling survival in the southern United States.

May Burning Favors Survival and Early Height Growth of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Grelen
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Grass Stage ◽  
Better Than

Abstract After seven annual May burns, grass-stage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedling survival averaged 71 percent, significantly higher than survival on a biennial May burn, an annual or biennial March burn, or an unburned control. Seedling height growth on the annual May burn was no better than that on the biennial May burn, but both May burns significantly exceeded the other treatments in height growth. The annual May burn also provided greatest survival and growth for longleaf seedlings that had begun height growth before the study began.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Pretreatment and Site Preparation on the Success of Growing Acacia crasicarpa by Direct Seeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
◽  
Dede J. Sudrajat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Randomized Design

Critical land, which is still very large requires alternative reforestation methods, one of which is direct seeding. This study aims to determine the seed treatment and land preparation in direct seeding of A. crassicarpa seeds. The research was conducted in Parungpanjang, Bogor with a three-factor factorial randomized design, i.e. environmental conditions (A1=under the stand, A2=open area), seed treatment (B1=untreated, B2=soaked in hot water and allowed to cool for 24 hours), and sowing technique (C1=sowing on the soil surface without cleaning, C2=sowing on the soil surface of the cleared and loosened land, C3=sowing with 2-3 cm immerses on the cleared and loosened land). The results showed that seedlings under the stand tended to have better height growth (14.8 cm) compared to seedlings in open area (11.2 cm), as well as for seedlings diameter (under the stand 0.14 cm; in open area 0.11 cm). The application of the direct seeding of A. crassicarpa can be done by treating the seeds soaked in hot water allowed to cool for 24 hours and sowing methods by loosening the soil and immersing the seed 2-3 cm which results in 11% seedling survival, 11.85 cm height, and diameter 0.12 cm at 14 weeks after sowing.

Direct seeding of PinusSylvestris using microsite preparation and invigorated seed lots of different quality: 2-year results

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Winsa ◽  
Urban Bergsten
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Better Than

Direct seeding of Pinussylvestris L. is a regeneration method, with potential for development considering scarification, microsite preparation, seed invigoration, and seed quality. Three seed lots of different quality concerning seed weight, germination percent, and mean germination time were used on two sites in northern Sweden. Microsite preparation, 2 cm deep pyramidal indentations, of the mineral soil improved seedling emergence on the two sites by 48 and 62%, respectively, compared with seeding without preparation other than removal of the humus layer. Microsite preparation in combination with invigorated seed, i.e., seed incubated at 30% moisture content for 7 days at 15 °C, resulted in seedling emergence of about 85% for the highest and about 50% for the lowest seed quality at both sites. Noninvigorated seed, seeded without microsite preparation, reached about 55% for the highest and 22% at one and 43% at the other for the lowest seed quality. Without microsite preparation there was no, or a negative, effect of seed invigoration on seedling emergence. Seedling survival after the first winter improved significantly with better seed quality. Survival averaged 92 and 72% at the two sites, with frost heaving causing most mortality. Seedlings from invigorated and redried seed survived better than seedlings from untreated seed. Seedlings from the best seed quality had higher values in seedling height, about 35%, shoot length, about 60%, and needle length, about 30%, after two growing seasons than seedlings from lower seed qualities. Invigoration and microsite preparation had no effect on measured growth characteristics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drill seeding patterns and nitrogen management strategies for wet and dry land rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Akkas Ali ◽  
JK Ladha ◽  
J Rickman ◽  
JS Lales ◽  
M Murshedul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Available N ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
N Management ◽  
N Use

Many Asian farmers are shifting from rice transplanting to direct seeding because the latter requires less labour, time, drudgery, and cultivation cost. Direct seeding is usually practiced in either wet or dry land preparation depending on water availability. The present study aimed at evaluating the potential of single and paired rows drill seeding patterns and five N management strategies on crop productivity, N use-efficiency, and apparent N balance. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two seeding patterns as main plots and five N treatments as subplots with three replications. Drill seeding did not affect grain yield, water, and N use-efficiencies and N balance. Grain yield increased with LCC-based N management with the lower N fertilizer input. Soil available N after 2 years of rice cropping was similar to the amount at the beginning indicating most of applied fertilizer N was lost. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14374 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 559-571, December 2012

scholarly journals Prunus Africana Provenances Growth and Survival Evaluation in the Highland of Awi zone, Amhara Region, North Western Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Demekristos
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Prunus Africana ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Establishment Rate

The aims of the study were to evaluate seedling growth and survival of Prunus africana provenances in awi highland based on ecological requirement of the tree. We measured survival and growth of three P.africana provenances seedlings found in Ethiopia (provenances sources namely: Gedeo, Jibat and Munnessa). Design of experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Seedlings planted at 2m, 2.5m and 3m distance between plants, plot, and blocks respectively. A plot size of 10mx10m and 25 plants are found per plot (0.01ha). We used ANOVA to test differences in survival, and growth among provenances over time. Results concluded that, provenances have no significant variation among in establishment rate, plant height and collar diameter growth. Of these provenances, Jibat was the first in establishment (56%), second in height (1.97m) and diameter (2.89cm). Gedeo was stood first in height (2.30m) but second in establishment rate (52%) and thickness(3.45cm), but Munessa with very good growth in diameter(3.59cm) might be prefreed for bark extraction followed by Gedeo, last in height (1.75m),but established second (52%). Contrary to expectations, seedlings were still at substantial risk of mortality ≥3 years after planting. Probably the plants survival rate and growth probably affected by altitude, soil water potential, light exposure, and wild animal presence in the surrounding. In steep slope sites, canopy shade, existing weed vegetation as well as wild animals such as apes is unlikely to enhance seedling survival after planting. Our results suggest that seedling mean growth increased with 0.008mm thickness and 0.41mm per day while 2.8mm thickness and 146.8mm tall increment recorded in 2560meter elevated high land or injibara with mean value of 18.5°C and rain fall is 1300mm.

scholarly journals Seedling Survival and Growth of Tree Species: Site Condition and Seasonality in Tropical Dry Forest Restoration

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA ALVAREZ-AQUINO ◽  
GUADALUPE WILLIAMS-LINERA
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Tabebuia Rosea ◽  
Dry Forest Restoration ◽  
Ceiba Aesculifolia

La restauración del bosque tropical seco es prioritaria por ser el bosque más amenazado. En Veracruz, el bosque seco se ha reducido al 7% de su cobertura original. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el efecto de la condición del sitio a restaurar y la estacionalidad en la supervivencia y tasa de crecimiento relativo en altura y diámetro de especies de árboles nativos. Estudiamos el desempeño de plántulas durante dos estaciones secas y dos lluviosas, y el efecto de la vegetación leñosa existente > 1 m de altura. Se trasplantaron 960 plantas: 40 individuos de seis especie (Cedrela odorata, Ceiba aesculifolia, Guazuma ulmifolia, Ipomoea wolcottiana, Luehea candida, Tabebuia rosea) en cuatro sitios abandonados. La supervivencia y la tasa de crecimiento relativo se registraron cada cuatro meses durante dos años. La mayor supervivencia se observó en sitios con mayor riqueza de especies arbóreas y la tasa de crecimiento relativo en altura estuvo positivamente correlacionada con la altura de la vegetación existente. La mayor tasa de crecimiento relativo para especies y sitios se registró durante la estación lluviosa. En el sitio con menos vegetación, el desempeño de las plántulas fue pobre y sólo Guazuma sobrevivió. Ceiba mostró la mayor supervivencia (82-90%) pero una tasa de crecimiento relativo baja; Guazuma presentó una supervivencia elevada (20-94%) y la mayor tasa de crecimiento relativo; Cedrela mostró la menor supervivencia (3-7%) y tasa de crecimiento relativo alta. Los resultados sugieren que la vegetación del sitio, la estacionalidad y las especies afectan el desempeño de las plántulas durante el establecimiento temprano. La implicación en términos de la restauración ecológica es la importancia de aprovechar la vegetación existente aunque ésta sea escasa.

Container Volume Affects Survival and Growth of White Spruce, Black Spruce, and Jack Pine Seedlings: A Literature Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Craig Sutherland ◽  
Robert J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract This paper is the first general review of the affects of container volume on the survival and growth of containerized white spruce, black spruce, and jack pine seedlings. The review shows that the literature on this topic is fragmentary and inconsistent. Seedling growth in the greenhouse production phase has been more completely quantified than subsequent establishment and growth after out-planting in the field. In the greenhouse production phase, seedling growth increased from 72 to 360% when the container volume was tripled in size. After outplanting in the field, seedling growth trends were more variable. Seedling height growth increased from 34 to 84% when container volume was tripled in size. Seedling survival was more difficult to assess because of limited data. Only white spruce showed a 10% increase in survival with an increase in container volume. The indications from this literature review suggest that nursery managers and practicing foresters should become more aware of the limitations imposed on seedling survival and growth due to container volume. To maintain optional survival and growth for white spruce, black spruce and jack pine, the container volume should range from 90 to 120 cm3. North. J. Appl. For. 5:185-189, Sept. 1988.

Light-dependent seedling survival and growth of four tree species in Costa Rican second-growth rain forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Iriarte Vivar Balderrama ◽  
Robin L. Chazdon
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Survival And Growth

The dependence of tree seedling survival and growth on light availability was evaluated over 15 mo in three second-growth, wet forest stands (15–18 y old) in north-eastern Costa Rica. Seedlings of four canopy tree species (Dipteryx panamensis, Hyeronima alchorneoides, Virola koschnyi and Vochysia guatemalensis) were planted into four canopy treatments in three replicated stands and in a pasture site, spanning a nearly complete gradient of light availability. Survival and growth of all species increased in response to increasing light availability, but species differed in survival in shaded microsites (6–20% light transmittance) and in growth increments per light increase. Hyeronima showed the highest mortality at low light levels and the highest relative height growth increase per light increase. In contrast, Virola showed high survival at low and moderate light, but showed the lowest leaf area and above-ground biomass per light increase among all species. Dipteryx and Vochysia maintained relatively high rates of survival and growth across the entire light gradient. Hyeronima and Virola showed trade-offs between growth and survival responses to light, unlike Dipteryx and Vochysia. Differences among species in seedling survival at low light may be determined by a variety of physiological and morphological traits that may or may not be mechanistically linked to growth responses.

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