scholarly journals Design and Build a Smartphone-Based Budget Coverage Area Link Application Module

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nur Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Application System ◽  
Learning Module ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Link Budget ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Application Module

Coverage is needed to determine the amount of signal coverage that can be reached by the antenna at the base station. Therefore, in order to know the coverage area of ??a base station, a link budget coverage area application is needed. The purpose of making a link budget coverage area calculation application system at a base station is to assist in calculating the link budget to determine the coverage area of ??a base station and is also used as a learning module for mobile communication systems at State Polytechnic of Malang. The method of determining the coverage area is done in 2 ways, namely the calculation using the application and the drive test. The method of calculating the link budget coverage area used is 3 models, the Okumura-Hatta model is used to calculate the GSM system coverage area, the Cost-231 Hatta model for the DCS system, and the Walfisch Ikegami model for the UMTS 2100 system. measurement of the signal level around the base station area. The comparison of the coverage area between the measurement and calculation results is almost close to the difference in coverage of less than 100 m. Wherefrom the results of the drive test, the farthest range is 980 m with a signal level value of -91 dBm. Meanwhile, from the calculation side, the results obtained coverage of 1.06 km and 1.05 km with a signal level of -90 dBm

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI MASALAH TRANSSHIPMENT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VOGEL APPROXIMATION METHOD PADA DISTRIBUSI PLASTIK DI PT. SENTOSA PLASTIK MEDAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swandi . Simanjorang ◽  
Faiz . Ahyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Method ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
North West ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Itu Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji hasil model transshipment dari proses pendistribusian barang di PT Sentosa Plastik Medan dengan menggunakan program WinQSB. Selain itu, model transshipment proses pendistribusian barang oleh perusahaan dibandingkan dengan model transshipment yang dihasilkan oleh program Solver.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode dokumentasi, metode wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari perusahaan. Adapun uraian dari metode-metode transshipment adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Metode untuk menyusun tabel awal antara lain Metode Sudut Barat Laut atau North West Corner Method (NWC), Metode Biaya Terkecil atau Least Cost Method, Vogell’s Aproximation Method atau VAM. (2) Model pegujian optimalitas algoritma transportasi antara lain Stepping Stone Method; dan Modified Distribution Method atau MODI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa selisih biaya pendistribusian untuk seluruh produk kain mori dengan menggunakan program WinQSB adalah sebesar Rp. 22.561.250,- lebih kecil dibandingkan hasil perhitungan perusahaan sebesar Rp.35.488.750,- Ini berarti terdapat selisih antara biaya pendistribusian yang menggunakan program WinQSB dengan biaya pendistribusian yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan yaitu sebesar Rp 12.927.500,-. Jadi biaya pendistribusian masih dapat diminimalkan sebesar 36,4%. Akan tetapi, sebelum melakukan tindakan lanjutan. Perusahaan juga perlu mempertimbangkan mengenai aspek dilapangan untuk meminimalkan biaya pendistribusian yang adaKata Kunci: Biaya Pendistribusian, Optimalisasi, WinQSB, dan Transshipment, Vogel Approximation Method (VAM)ABSTRACTThis study examines the results of the model transshipment of goods distribution process in PT Sentosa Plastic Medan using WinQSB program. In addition, the process of distributing goods transshipment models by the company compared to the transshipment models produced by the Solver program. The method used in this research is the method of documentation, interviews, and literature. Data in this study were obtained from the company. The description of the methods of transshipment is as follows: (1) A method for preparing the initial table among other methods Northwest Angle or North West Corner Method (NWC), or Least Least Cost Method Cost Method, Vogell's aproximation Method or VAM. (2) Model test of optimality transport algorithms include Stepping Stone Method; and Modified Distribution Method or MODI. The research showed that the difference in the cost of distribution for all products cloth using WinQSB program is Rp. 22.56125 , - lower than the calculation results of the company for Rp.35.488.750, - This means that there is a difference between the cost of distribution that uses WinQSB program at a cost of distribution conducted by the company in the amount of Rp. 12.9275 -. So the cost of distribution can still be minimized by 36.4%. However, before making any further action. Companies also need to consider the aspect of the field to minimize the cost of existing distribution. Keywords: Distribution Costs, Optimizing, WinQSB, and Transshipment, Vogel Approximation Method (VAM)

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN MODEL COST231-HATTA DAN WALFISCH IKEGAMI SEBAGAI FORMULA LINK BUDGET PADA LINTAS KOMUNIKASI DOWN LINK BASE STATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Aisah ◽  
Moh. A. Anshori ◽  
Kristina ◽  
Ahmad Nur Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Link Budget

Analisis perhitungan dan pengukuran untuk membandingkan Model Okumura-Hatta, Cost231-Hatta dan Walfisch Ikegami sebagai formula link budget pada lintas komunikasi down link base station, perhitungan menggunakan data dari salah satu operator di Indonesia wilayah Malang. Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai suatu masukan atau rekomendasi bagi operator seluler/vendor sebagai bahan pertimbangan bagi operator menggunakan formula link budget untuk memprediksi rugi-rugi propagasi yang tepat dengan teknologi yang digunakan dan disesuaikan dengan morfologi. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah radius sel sebagai jarak maksimal yang dapat dijangkau oleh base station. Perbandingan nilai radius sel hasil perhitungan dan pengukuran dianalisis untuk mengetahui hasil yang mendekati dengan nilai yang sebenarnya. Perhitungan link budget coverage area menggunakan 3 model, yaitul Okumura-Hatta untuk menghitung coverage area sistem GSM, Cost-231 Hatta untuk sistem DCS, dan Walfisch Ikegami untuk sistem UMTS 2100. Pengukuran menggunakan drive test untuk mengukur level daya sinyal yang dipancarkan oleh base station. Hasil drive test diperoleh nilai radius sel terjauh adalah 980 m dan nilai level daya sebesar -91 dBm, sedangkan hasil perhitungan nilai radius sel nilai yang mendekati dengan nilai pengukuran adalah model Walfisch Ikegami nilai radius sel sebesar 1,06 km dan 1,05 km dan nilai level daya sebesar - 90 dBm.

scholarly journals Penentuan Harga Pokok Produksi Dengan Metode Full Costing Sebagai Dasar Penetapan Harga Jual Pada UKM Tahu AN Anugrah

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Sintia Anggreani ◽  
I Gde Sudi Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Keywords Cost

Cost of Goods Manufacture is an important component that must be calculated by the company in order to determine the selling price of the product. SMEs are often wrong in calculating the Cost of Goods Manufacture they do. One of the mistakes made by SMEs in calculating the Cost of Goods Manufacture is that the calculations carried out are very simple and do not specify all costs used in the production process to produce a product. This study aims to analyze (1) the calculation of the Cost of Goods Manufacture in SMEs Tahu AN Anugrah , (2) the determination of Cost of Goods Manufacture with the full costing method in SMEs Tahu AN Anugrah, and (3) the difference in calculation of Cost of Goods Manufacture according to SMEs AN Anugrah and according full costing method and its effect on selling prices.                The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The primary data used is obtained from the results of interviews and recording of information needed directly in SMEs Tahu AN Anugrah. While the secondary data are is obtained from literature studies such as previous journals, related books, documentation and reading in accordance with the research title.  The Research results show, there are differences in the calculation results of the Cost of Goods Manufacture carried out by the SMEs and by the full costing method. The calculation of Cost of Goods Manufacture by SMEs Tahu AN Anugrah for White Tofu products is Rp 200 and Yellow Tofu Rp 201.12 while by the full costing method for White Tofu products is Rp 218.41 and Yellow Tofu Rp 228.44. So that, there are differences in the calculation results, namely for White Tofu Rp 18.41 and Yellow Tofu Rp 27.32. Differences in calculation are due to the full costing method is more detailed by including all elements of production costs. This shows that the method provides a more accurate calculation to be able to set a better selling price.  Keywords: Cost of Goods Manufacture, Full Costing, Selling Prices, SMEs

scholarly journals The Communication System of Building from Outdoor to Indoor with AMC at 10 GHz

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrita Ceriana Eska
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Adaptive Modulation ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Adaptive Modulation And Coding ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Communication Frequency ◽  
Station Location

The propagation model of communication systems was used propagation from outdoor to indoor of building. In the inside that building used partition with brick. That propagation condition used downlink condition from mobile station side. The communication frequency used 10 GHz. Some parameter variation was used in this research such as radio base station coverage, mobile station location of building, and code rate communication. The coverage variation of radio base station used femtocell and picocell. As the result described signal to noise ratio (SNR)at every node communication, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) variation, and coverage area percentage in the building. The modulation and coding scheme (MCS) was used consist of QPSK, 16 QAM, and 64 QAM

scholarly journals On Vulnerability of Selected IoT Systems to Radio Jamming—A Proposal of Deployment Practices

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Staniec ◽  
Michał Kowal
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Processing Gain ◽  
Link Budget ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Weightless and SigFox are both narrowband communication systems designed for the Internet of Things, along with some other counterparts such as LoRa (Long Range) and narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). As systems dedicated specifically for long-range operations, they possess considerable processing gain for energetic link budget improvement and a remarkable immunity to interference. The paper describes outcomes of a measurement campaign during which the Weightless and SigFox performance was tested against variable interference, generated in an anechoic chamber. Results allow the quantitative appraisal of the system behavior under these harsh conditions with respect to different operational modes of the two investigated IoT systems. The outcomes are then investigated with respect to an intentional radio jammer attempting to block a base station (BS) operation by directly radiating an interfering signal towards it. An Interference Margin is proposed for a quantitative expression of a system’s resilience to jamming. This margin, calculated for all available configuration settings, allows the clear assessment of which combination of a system’s operational parameters does and which does not provide immunity to this type of radio attack.

scholarly journals Groups of mobile cellular service stations for operational radio communication tasks in remote areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2091 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
O N Pishchin ◽  
D S Puzankov ◽  
K V Perova ◽  
I O Chulkov
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Mobile Stations ◽  
Large Sections

Abstract The authors of the article consider solutions needed to organize mobile cellular communication systems in remote areas. Modern mobile stations do not have the capability to overcome marshy areas, steppe, heavily rugged reliefs of the desert, water barriers and forests. Moreover, the coverage area from one base station is not highly localized (radio coverage area is not significant). Furthermore, modern mobile communication facilities have poor autonomy. The article proposes measures for an operational organization of cellular communications in large remote areas with a coverage radius of a medium-sized city. Article also considers the issues posed by a temporary organization of communication service in large sections near important locations (pipelines, riverbeds, transport and railway lines). The need for such an operational usage of mobile communication systems is most associated with geological exploration and scientific research in large remote areas and large areas with a damaged communication system due to natural emergencies or military operations.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Code Rate untuk Komunikasi RBS Femto Cell Frekuensi 47 GHz pada Tiang Lampu Jalan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Andrita Ceriana Eska
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Code Rate ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Transmitter Power ◽  
Street Lamp ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Area Percentage

This research describes about the communication systems at radio-base-station femto cell that placed at street lamp. The frequency 47 GHz used at that communication systems. The analysis in this research consist of transmitter power variation, and code rate variation from signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio threshold 16 QAM. The transmitter power consist of 10 mW until 200 mW. The code rate variation from signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio threshold 16 QAM consist of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 4/5. As the result showed relation between transmitter power with using code rate and relation between coverage area percentage at mobile station track with using code rate. Based on the relation between coverage area percentage with code rate value that is more increase code rate value then the percentage coverage area was getting decrease.

scholarly journals Modeling of the Сellular Сommunication System Coverage Area Taking into Account the External Details of the Terrain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Yevhen Gabrousenko ◽  
◽  
Anatolii Taranenko ◽  
Felix Yanovsky ◽  
Serhii Zavhorodnii
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Cellular Communication ◽  
Cellular Communications ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
New Approach ◽  
External Objects ◽  
Coverage Zone ◽  
Further Development

This paper proposes a new approach to estimating the contour of the coverage zone for a cellular communications base station that takes into account meaningful reflecting objects located out of the considering zone. Based on this approach, the procedure for modeling and designing the cellular system coverage area. Unlike known methods, the developed procedure considers the influence of electromagnetic wave reflection from external details of the relief, in particular essential reflecting objects located outside the considered cell. The effect of the external objects on the formation of the coverage area resulting contour is considered analytically, numerically and experimentally. The proposed solution leads to more accurate designing of the coverage area for each cell. This creates the opportunity for further development of designing techniques to more effective engineering solutions at developing and applying cellular communication systems in real situations and at various scenarios.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY BASED COSTING: METODE AKURAT MENENTUKAN BIAYA SEWA KAMAR HOTEL

AdBispreneur ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Suryanto ◽  
Mas Rasmini ◽  
Thealice Lidwina
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Every company has an interest in calculating the cost of production. Cost of production is a way to calculate the costs used in producing a product. This study aims to analyze the calculation of the cost of the production method used by the hotel and determine the cost of production calculated by the method of activity-based costing (ABC). The method used in this research is a quantitative method. Data collected through observation, unstructured interviews, and literature study. The results of this study indicate that the calculation of the cost of production of hotel rooms conducted by the company occurred under costing for standard, superior, and superior plus types of rooms. As for the type of family room, family plus, and family-standard over costing occurs. The difference in the calculation results occurs because the calculation method by the company has not been done in detail as in the ABC method.Setiap perusahaan berkepentingan terhadap perhitungan harga pokok produksi. Harga pokok produksi adalah cara untuk menghitung biaya yang digunakan dalam menghasilkan suatu produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perhitungan metode harga pokok produksi yang digunakan pihak hotel dan mengetahui harga pokok produksi yang dihitung dengan metode Activity Based Costing (ABC). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara tidak terstruktur, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan harga pokok produksi kamar hotel yang dilakukan oleh pihak perusahaan terjadi undercosting untuk jenis kamar standard, superior, dan  superior plus. Sedangkan untuk jenis kamar family, family plus, dan family standard terjadi overcosting. Perbedaan hasil perhitungan tersebut terjadi karena dalam metode perhitungan yang dilakukan perusahaan belum dilakukan secara detail sebagaimana dalam metode ABC.

Tax maneuver in the oil industry: Provisional results and risks for further implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
A. S. Kaukin ◽  
E. М. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
Alternative Variant ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cost

The paper analyzes the consequences of the abolition of the export duty on oil and oil products as a necessary step to stimulate energy efficiency of Russia’s economy and eliminate underdevelopment provoked by a long-term subsidizing of inefficient oil refining sector in Russia. The calculation results have shown that even taking into account several deviations from the planned scenarios of changing the parameters of tax regulation of the oil industry in 2014— 2019, the tax maneuver brought over 3.5 trillion rubles (in 2019 — 148 billion rubles) to the state budget in 2014—2017, mainly due to an increase in the base mineral extraction tax rate, and contributed to an increase in the depth of oil refining from 72% to 85%. In addition, the article analyzes possible risks associated with the current plan for reforming the taxation of the industry until 2024 and proposes an alternative that could level some of them. A comparative analysis of the effects of the tax maneuver under the current reform plan and the alternative variant suggests that the latter will allow to achieve a greater total budgetary effect in four years, reduce the cost of subsidizing domestic oil refining, increase the efficiency of Russian vertically integrated oil companies, and reduce the growth rate of oil products prices in the retail market.

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