scholarly journals From Bal Masques to Masked Balls

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Lallement ◽  
Aurélie Godet
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
French People ◽  
French Tradition ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

The lifting of COVID-19-related-lockdown was greeted cautiously in Paris on May 11, 2020. There was some tentative singing, drinks with friends at a nearby café, a few cameras to immortalize the moment… Yet, barely an hour after the beginning of this first phase of France’s “deconfinement” plan, a small crowd of people gathered on the Champs Elysées to celebrate the ability to get out without a self-authorized written certification of their purpose. Nothing too exuberant, but still, seeing these residents gather in a public place that has welcomed so many Parisian festive gatherings said a lot about the general mood of the city. Like the “apéro Skype” trend[1] to which French people had reluctantly given in, the event was flaunted as a powerful emblem of the confinement period. Indeed, this text argues that social distancing has paradoxically revealed the role that festive sociability plays in our lives. In the era of protective and control measures (“gestes-barrières” in French), festivity has become all the more precious as it has been made almost impossible.   [1] [Translator’s note] “Apéro” is short for aperitif (pre-dinner drinks). As this French tradition moved online during lockdown, a new ritual was born, that of the “apéro Skype” or “Skypéro” (a portmanteau word with the same meaning).

scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHLEBOTOMINAE IN PUERTO IGUAZU-MISIONES, ARGENTINA-BRAZIL-PARAGUAY BORDER AREA

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Soledad Santini ◽  
Ignacio Tomas Gould ◽  
Mariana Manteca Acosta ◽  
Pablo Berrozpe ◽  
Soraya Alejandra Acardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

SUMMARY The first Argentinian autochthonous human case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was confirmed in Posadas (Misiones) in 2006. Since then, the disease has increased its incidence and geographical distribution. In the 2006-2012 period, 107 human cases were detected (11 deaths). The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis was detected in peridomiciles in Puerto Iguazú urban area in 2010; some of these findings were associated with households where cases of canine VL had already been reported. The objective of this study was to ascertain the abundance and spatial distribution of Lu. longipalpis in Puerto Iguazú City, on the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border. Lu. longipalpis proved to be exclusively urban and was found in 31% of the households sampled (n = 53), 67% of which belonged to areas of low abundance, 20% to areas of moderate abundance and 13% to areas of high abundance. Nyssomyia whitmani was the only species found both in urban and peri-urban environments, and Migonemyia migonei was registered only on the outskirts of the city. Due to the fact that Puerto Iguazú is considered to be at moderate risk at the moment, it is necessary to intensify human and canine case controls, as well as take integrated prevention and control measures regarding the environment, vectors and reservoirs on the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border area.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in South Korea: Proper timing for Easing Mask mandates after COVID-19 Vaccination

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Kang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Proper Timing ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract As of 25 July 2021, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency reported 1,422 new COVID-19 cases, 188,848 total cases, and 2.073 total deaths (1.10% fatality rates). Since the first SARS-CoV-2 case was reported, efforts to find a treatment and vaccine against COVID-19 have been widespread. Four vaccines are on the WHO’s emergency use listing and are approved of their usage; BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222, and Ad26.COV2.S. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 need at least 14 days to achieve effectiveness. Thus, people should abide by prevention and control measures, including wearing masks, washing hands, and social distancing. However, a lot of new cases were reported after vaccinations, as many people did not follow the prevention control measures before the end of the 14 days period. There is no doubt we need to break free from mask mandates. But let us not decide the timing in haste. Even if the mask mandates are eased, they should be changed depending on the number of reported cases, vaccinations, as well as prevention and control measures on how circumstances are changing under the influence of mutant coronavirus.

A GIS planning model for urban oil spill management

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

Oil spills in industrialized cities pose a significant threat to their urban water environment. The largest city in Canada, the city of Toronto, has an average 300–500 oil spills per year with an average total volume of about 160,000 L/year. About 45% of the spills was eventually cleaned up. Given the enormous amount of remaining oil entering into the fragile urban ecosystem, it is important to develop an effective pollution prevention and control plan for the city. A Geographic Information System (GIS) planning model has been developed to characterize oil spills and determine preventive and control measures available in the city. A database of oil spill records from 1988 to 1997 was compiled and geo-referenced. Attributes to each record such as spill volume, oil type, location, road type, sector, source, cleanup percentage, and environmental impacts were created. GIS layers of woodlots, wetlands, watercourses, Environmental Sensitive Areas, and Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest were obtained from the local Conservation Authority. By overlaying the spill characteristics with the GIS layers, evaluation of preventive and control solutions close to these environmental features was conducted. It was found that employee training and preventive maintenance should be improved as the principal cause of spills was attributed to human errors and equipment failure. Additionally, the cost of using oil separators at strategic spill locations was found to be $1.4 million. The GIS model provides an efficient planning tool for urban oil spill management. Additionally, the graphical capability of GIS allows users to integrate environmental features and spill characteristics in the management analysis.

scholarly journals Estimates of the ongoing need for social distancing and control measures post-“lockdown” from trajectories of COVID-19 cases and mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 2001483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Lonergan ◽  
James D. Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Doubling Times

By 21 May 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) had caused more than 5 million cases of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) across more than 200 countries. Most countries with significant outbreaks have introduced social distancing or “lockdown” measures to reduce viral transmission. So the key question now is when, how and to what extent these measures can be lifted.Publicly available data on daily numbers of newly confirmed cases and mortality were used to fit regression models estimating trajectories, doubling times and the reproduction number (R0) of the disease, before and under the control measures. These data ran up to 21 May 2020, and were sufficient for analysis in 89 countries.The estimates of R0 before lockdown based on these data were broadly consistent with those previously published: between 2.0 and 3.7 in the countries with the largest number of cases available for analysis (USA, Italy, Spain, France and UK). There was little evidence to suggest that the restrictions had reduced R far below 1 in many places, with France having the most rapid reductions: R0 0.76 (95% CI 0.72–0.82) based on cases, and 0.77 (95% CI 0.73–0.80) based on mortality.Intermittent lockdown has been proposed as a means of controlling the outbreak while allowing periods of increased freedom and economic activity. These data suggest that few countries could have even 1 week per month unrestricted without seeing resurgence of the epidemic. Similarly, restoring 20% of the activity that has been prevented by the lockdowns looks difficult to reconcile with preventing the resurgence of the disease in most countries.

scholarly journals Influence of observable and unobservable exposure on the patient's risk of acquiring influenza-like illness at hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 2025-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. PAYET ◽  
N. VOIRIN ◽  
R. ECOCHARD ◽  
P. VANHEMS
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Influenza Transmission ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYDuring outbreaks of hospital-acquired influenza-like illness (HA-ILI) healthcare workers (HCWs), patients, and visitors are each a source of infection for the other. Quantifying the effects of these various exposures will help improve prevention and control of HA-ILI outbreaks. We estimated the attributability of HA-ILI to: (1) exposure to recorded or unrecorded sources; (2) exposure to contagious patient or contagious HCW; (3) exposure during observable or unobservable contagious period of the recorded sources; and, (4) the moment of exposure. Among recorded sources, 59% [95% credible interval (CrI) 34–83] of HA-ILI of patients was associated with exposure to contagious patients and 41% (95% CrI 17–66) with exposure to contagious HCWs. Exposure during the unobservable contagiousness period of source patients accounted for 49% (95% CrI 19–75) of HA-ILI, while exposure during the unobservable contagiousness period of source HCWs accounted for 82% (95% CrI 51–99) of HA-ILI. About 80% of HA-ILIs were associated with exposure 1 day earlier. Secondary cases of HA-ILI might appear as soon as the day after the detection of a primary case highlighting the explosive nature of HA-ILI spread. Unobservable transmission was the main cause of HA-ILI transmission suggesting that symptom-based control measures alone might not prevent hospital outbreaks. The results support the rapid implementation of interventions to control influenza transmission.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of COVID-19 in Al Qassim Province -Saudi Arabia: A Sociodemographic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Wafa Ali ◽  
Amal Alqufly ◽  
Ibrahim Aljabr ◽  
Sharafaldeen Bin Nafisah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND: The resurgence of COVID-19 cases in Saudi Arabia, despite ongoing control measures, warrants further analysis. AIM: We aimed to investigate the prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors of COVID-19 in Al Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. We explored perceptions toward vaccination, social isolation and community adherence to social distancing measures. METHODS: We collected data reported by the Weqaya, Saudi Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and conducted a cross-sectional study within the province. RESULTS: Up to 9 May 2021, 15 497 positive cases were detected, comprising a prevalence of 1.46%. Uyun Al-Jiwa and Riyadh Al-Khabra had the highest infection rate. Our sample of 511 participants revealed an exposure rate of 52.1% (n=266) with no specific sociodemographic risk factor. Self-isolation following exposure to a confirmed or probable case occurred less among older age groups and married participants, and was not influenced by the presence of underlying chronic diseases. The majority of participants perceived community compliance with social distancing measures to fall within the ‘sometimes’ category. Finally, the vaccination acceptance rate was 72.6% (n=371). CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study emphasise the need to adopt further measures to encourage adherence to social distancing and self-isolation, especially among vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Traffic control and social distancing evidence from COVID-19 in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252300
Author(s):  
Shanlang Lin ◽  
Ruofei Lin ◽  
Na Yan ◽  
Junpei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemic Control ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
And Control

We collected COVID-19 epidemiological and epidemic control measures-related data in mainland China during the period January 1 to February 19, 2020, and empirically tested the practical effects of the epidemic control measures implemented in China by applying the econometrics approach. The results show that nationally, both traffic control and social distancing have played an important role in controlling the outbreak of the epidemic, however, neither of the two measures have had a significant effect in low-risk areas. Moreover, the effect of traffic control is more successful than that of social distancing. Both measures complement each other, and their combined effect achieves even better results. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the measures currently in place in China, however, we would like to emphasize that control measures should be more tailored, which implemented according to each specific city’s situation, in order to achieve a better epidemic prevention and control.

scholarly journals Contributions to reduce the flood problems in critical points of the micro drainage system in the city of Carazinho

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Carolina Pasquetti Koppe ◽  
Vinícius Scortegagna ◽  
Virgínia Meneguzzi ◽  
Anelise Sertoli Lopes Gil ◽  
Matheus De Conto Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

With the emergence of excessive flooding in the urban environment, the need for unconventional drainage control measures within the limitations of conventional solutions becomes evident. In the present study, infiltration trenches and reservoirs that collect and reserve rainwater were designed as control devices, attenuating the socio-environmental impacts caused by waterproofing of urban areas in the hydrological cycle and in the behavior of the hydrographic basins in question. The measurements were made for two flooding points found in the city of Carazinho – RS, located on Marquês do Pombal Street and São Bento Avenue, due to the obstruction of gutters and street inlets, paving and waterproofing of the ground due to urbanization, lack of maintenance and cleaning of the micro drainage system along with the inability of the system to collect all the volume of water from the runoff. The reductions in flow rate in these areas through the use of trenches were 16% and 15% for the first and second flooding point, respectively, while the use of the delay reservoirs together with the infiltration trenches resulted in a 29% reduction in the first flooding point and 27.5% in the second flooding point. Therefore, it is evident that the use of unconventional control measures is vital to the reduction of the peaks of the flow rate and control of the surface runoff.

scholarly journals Potential of hazard mapping as a tool for facing COVID-19 transmission: the geo-COVID cartographic platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Perles Roselló ◽  
Juan Francisco Sortino Barrionuevo ◽  
Francisco José Cantarero Prados ◽  
Hugo Castro Noblejas ◽  
Ana Laura De la Fuente Roselló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City ◽  
Hazard Indexes ◽  
Current Risk

The present research analyses the epidemiological bases, the methodology approach and the utility of the Geo-Covid Cartographic Platform to face COVID-19 transmission at an intra-urban scale.  Geo-Covid is based on the study of the main drawbacks and limitations of the current risk maps, and the proposed hazard mapping methodology is presented as an alternative approach with a high spatial-temporal accuracy. It is based on 1) the map of neighborhood active focuses of contagion, which are classified according to several hazard indexes, 2)  the map of highly-transited areas by potential asymptomatic positives cases and 3) the map of Points of Maximum Risk of contagion. In order to test the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for mapping COVID-19 hazard and risk, it has been applied to Málaga City (Spain) during several stages of the epidemic in the city (2020 and 2021). The neighborhood focus of contagion is proposed as the basic spatial unit for the epidemiological diagnosis and the implementation of mitigation and control measures. After the analysis, it has been concluded that the proposed methodology, and thus, the maps included in the Geo-Covid Cartographic Platform allow a realistic and rigorous analysis of the spatial distribution of the epidemic in real-time.

scholarly journals Which Measures are Effective in Containing COVID-19? — Empirical Research Based on Prevention and Control Cases in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanlang Lin ◽  
Junpei Huang ◽  
Ziwen He ◽  
Dandan Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
And Control

AbstractVarious epidemic prevention and control measures aimed at reducing person-to-person contact has paid a certain cost while controlling the epidemic. So accurate evaluation of these measures helps to maximize the effectiveness of prevention and control while minimizing social costs. In this paper, we develop the model in Dirk Brockmann and Dirk Helbing (2013) to theoretically explain the impact mechanism of traffic control and social distancing measures on the spread of the epidemic, and empirically tests the effect of the two measures in China at the present stage using econometric approach. We found that both traffic control and social distancing measures have played a very good role in controlling the development of the epidemic. Nationally, social distancing measures are better than traffic control measures; the two measures are complementary and their combined action will play a better epidemic prevention effect; Traffic control and social distancing do not work everywhere. Traffic control only works in cities with higher GDP per capita and population size, while fails in cities with lower GDP per capita and population size. In cities with lower population size, social distancing becomes inoperative; the rapid and accurate transmission of information, a higher protection awareness of the public, and a stronger confidence of residents in epidemic prevention can promote the realization of the measure effects. The findings above verify the effectiveness and correctness of the measures implemented in China at present, at the same time, we propose that it is necessary to fully consider the respective characteristics of the two measures, cooperating and complementing each other; what’s more, measures should be formulated according to the city’s own situation, achieving precise epidemic prevention; Finally, we should increase the transparency of information, improve protection awareness of the public, guide emotions of the public in a proper way, enhancing public confidence.

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