ECOIMMMUNOLOGY OF SWINE BRUCELLOSIS AND STRATEGIES FOR ERADICATION IN NATURALLY INFECTED FARM FROM CASEROS DEPARTAMENT. ARGENTINA.

Although Finland has not experienced a classical swine fever (CSF) epidemic since 1917, the concern about early detection is relevant. The time until detection of CSF on a pig-breeding farm was predicted by simulation, and earlier detection of CSF-infected farms was assessed. Eight to 12 weeks will pass before CSF is detected on a Finnish pig-breeding farm, which resembles detection of the index farm for actual CSF epidemics in Europe. Although notification of suspected CSF on the infected farm accelerates detection the most, interventions aimed at promoting investigations of the general health problem noticed on the farm, or a more comprehensive testing of samples currently arriving from pig farms to the investigating laboratory could shorten detection time by 3 weeks. Results are applicable for further simulation of an event of a CSF epidemic in Finland, and for studying contingency options to promote more rapid detection of infectious diseases of swine not found at present in the country.

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Occupational and environmental exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in and around infected mink farms

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2021-107443 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. oemed-2021-107443

Author(s):

Myrna M T de Rooij ◽

Renate W Hakze-Van der Honing ◽

Marcel M Hulst ◽

Frank Harders ◽

Marc Engelsma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Exposure ◽

Farm Workers ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Airborne Dust ◽

Air Samples ◽

Infected Farm ◽

Occupational And Environmental Exposure ◽

Inhalable Dust ◽

Bedding Materials ◽

Housing Units

ObjectiveUnprecedented SARS-CoV-2 infections in farmed minks raised immediate concerns regarding transmission to humans and initiated intensive environmental investigations to assess occupational and environmental exposure.MethodsAir sampling was performed at infected Dutch mink farms, at farm premises and at nearby residential sites. A range of other environmental samples were collected from minks’ housing units, including bedding materials. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was analysed in all samples by quantitative PCR.ResultsInside the farms, considerable levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were found in airborne dust, especially in personal inhalable dust samples (approximately 1000–10 000 copies/m3). Most of the settling dust samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (82%, 75 of 92). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in outdoor air samples, except for those collected near the entrance of the most recently infected farm. Many samples of minks’ housing units and surfaces contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA.ConclusionsInfected mink farms can be highly contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA. This warns of occupational exposure, which was substantiated by considerable SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in personal air samples. Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 to outdoor air was found to be limited and SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in air samples collected beyond farm premises, implying a negligible risk of environmental exposure to nearby communities. Our occupational and environmental risk assessment is in line with whole genome sequencing analyses showing mink-to-human transmission among farm workers, but no indications of direct zoonotic transmission events to nearby communities.

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STUDY ON PATHOGENICITY OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA WHICH ISOLATED FROM FARM ANIMALS AND MAN

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v26i1.1122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81

Author(s):

S. S. A. Mobarak ◽

A. K. Shubber ◽

A. S. Raheem

Keyword(s):

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Culture Media ◽

Agar Medium ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Infected Farm ◽

Human Samples ◽

Selective Agar ◽

Suppurative Pneumonia ◽

Animal Isolates

This study was described for the nature of the pathpgenesis of bacteria Pasteurella multocida which was isolated from infected man made comparison between these bacteria and those from infected farm animals. The percentage of Pasteurella multcida diagnosed bacteria from animals and human was 29.4% and 16.9% respectively. Comparing to other culture media Pasteurella multocida selective agar medium was characterized by its selectivity and sensitivity and then was attempt for biotyping species and subspecies of isolated Pasteurella from animals and human samples were successfully achieved. Pathogenicity test was performed on mice, only nine human isolatetes and twenty-one animal isolates from Pasteurella multocida were virulent. Todistinguish between the pathogenesis of human and animal isolates, one isolated from human and animal were chosed, in addition to the standared strain. The mice had been experimentally infected by three different ways, I/P, I/T, I/Eye. The results were showed that Pasteurella multocida can produce lesions as fibrinous suppurative pneumonia in lungs, liver and spleen which were detected histopatho logically. However the animal isolates were more virulent than human or standared strain.

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First Record of Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus in Rainbow Trout Fry in Croatia

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200776010065 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

I. Vardić ◽

D. Kapetanović ◽

Z. Teskeredžić ◽

E. Teskeredžić

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Virus Detection ◽

First Record ◽

Necrosis Virus ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Glycoprotein Gene ◽

Phylogenetic Comparison ◽

Infected Farm ◽

Polymerase Chain

The paper describes the first diagnosis of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in Croatia. The viral causative agent was detected in pooled organ samples from the imported rainbow trout fry on the fish farm. Reverse transcriptase - semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT- snPCR) was applied directly on the infected tissue for rapid virus detection. After isolation on cell cultures, IHNV isolate was characterised on the basis of the 303 nt region of the glycoprotein gene (Mid-G) sequence. Phylogenetic comparison to North American and European IHNV isolates revealed that this Croatian isolate belongs to the M genogroup, confirming the prediction of the M genogroup origin of European IHNV isolates. The introduction of the virus presents a threat of further spreading of the disease in Croatia, as the infected farm is in a direct contact with the open waters.

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Phylogeny of Spanish swine influenza viruses isolated from respiratory disease outbreaks and evolution of swine influenza virus within an endemically infected farm

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.031 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 170 (3-4) ◽

pp. 266-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gerard E. Martín-Valls ◽

Meritxell Simon-Grifé ◽

Sander van Boheemen ◽

Miranda de Graaf ◽

Theo M. Bestebroer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Swine Influenza Virus ◽

Swine Influenza ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Infected Farm

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Successful Eradication of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea in an Enzootically Infected Farm: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10070830 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 830

Author(s):

Guehwan Jang ◽

Jonghyun Park ◽

Changhee Lee

Keyword(s):

Herd Immunity ◽

Control Measures ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Effective Control ◽

Active Monitoring ◽

Term Survival ◽

Spike Gene ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Infected Farm ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has negatively affected the welfare of animals and their productivity in South Korea for three decades. A shortage of effective control measures has led to the virus becoming endemic in domestic pig populations. This study aimed to describe how our intervention measures were implemented for PEDV elimination in an enzootically infected farm. We operated a risk assessment model of PEDV recurrence to obtain information about the virus itself, herd immunity, virus circulation, and biosecurity at the farm. Next, we conducted a four-pillar-based two-track strategy to heighten sow immunity and eradicate the virus, with longitudinal monitoring of immunity and virus circulation, involving strict biosecurity, prime-boost pre-farrow L/K/K immunization, all-in-all-out and disinfection practices in farrowing houses, and disinfection and gilt management in wean-to-finish barns. In particular, we observed a high prevalence and long-term survival of PEDV in slurries, posing a critical challenge to PED eradication and highlighting the necessity for consecutive testing of barn slurry samples and for the management of infected manure to control PEDV. Genetic analysis of PEDVs in this farm indicated that genetic drift continued in the spike gene, with a substitution rate of 1.683 × 10–4 substitutions/site/year. Our study underlines the need for active monitoring and surveillance of PEDV in herds and their environments, along with the coordinated means, to eliminate the virus and maintain a negative herd. The tools described in this study will serve as a framework for regional and national PED eradication programs.

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Diagnosis and prevalence of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in lung tissues of naturally infected farm sheep

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2016.365-370 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 365-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ganesh G. Sonawane ◽

Bhupendra Nath Tripathi ◽

Rajiv Kumar ◽

Jyoti Kumar

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽

Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽

Infected Farm

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Isolation and characterization of Indian betanodavirus strain from infected farm-reared Asian seabassLates calcarifer(Bloch, 1790) juveniles

Aquaculture Research ◽

10.1111/are.12095 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

pp. 1481-1488 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kollanoor Riji John ◽

Mulloorpeedikayil Rosalind George ◽

Bridget Jeyatha ◽

Rengarajan Saravanakumar ◽

Pitchaimani Sundar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infected Farm ◽

Isolation And Characterization

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A Mathematical Model for the Transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium within a Grower-Finisher Pig Herd in Great Britain

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-67.11.2403 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 2403-2409 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

RENATA IVANEK ◽

EMMA L. SNARY ◽

ALASDAIR J. C. COOK ◽

YRJÖ T. GRÖHN

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Great Britain ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Infected Farm ◽

Effective Contact ◽

Human Salmonellosis ◽

Slaughter Age

In a study of pigs slaughtered at British abattoirs, approximately 23% carried Salmonella in their cecal (large intestine) contents. The most frequent serotype was Salmonella Typhimurium (STM), which was the second most common cause of human salmonellosis in Great Britain. A pig industry–monitoring program was developed to reduce Salmonella infection on British farms. The control of STM infection on the farm requires an understanding of STM transmission dynamics within the herd, and a mathematical model has been developed for an infected grower-finisher farm. The model estimates the probability of a random pig being infected with STM. There are three broad categories of STM infection in pigs: pigs that are infected but unable to transmit the infection (latent); pigs that are infectious, i.e., able to transmit the infection (shedders); and pigs that have stopped shedding but harbor STM in their internal organs (carriers). The model estimates that 21.0% (5th and 95th percentiles, 0.05 to 77.5%) of slaughter-age pigs on an infected farm are likely to be shedding STM. Although this range is wide, it is biologically plausible. Sensitivity analysis of the total number of infected pigs revealed that the most significant input parameters are the probability of effective contact between a specific infectious and susceptible pig and the duration of shedding. The model predicted that 11.5% of pigs would be shedding STM at slaughter age. This value is close to the estimate obtained from a British abattoir survey that 11.1% of pigs carried STM in their ceca, indicating that the model has reasonable validity.

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Histopathological lesions caused by experimental Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina infections in farm mink (Neovison vison)

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2478/jvetres-2019-0034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 205-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maciej Klockiewicz ◽

Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak ◽

Tadeusz Jakubowski ◽

Ewa Długosz

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Paratenic Host ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Intestinal Wall ◽

Neovison Vison ◽

Striated Muscles ◽

Infected Farm ◽

Histopathological Lesions ◽

Inflammatory Infiltrates ◽

Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractIntroduction: Canine roundworm T. canis and T. leonina infections were investigated in experimentally infected farm mink (Neovison vison) to describe the pattern of pathological lesions in this paratenic host. Material and Methods: Infections in mink developed following ingestion of embryonated eggs of either parasite or mice tissue infected with both parasite species. Results: Comparative analysis of haematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides showed essential differences among the experimental groups. The lesions observed included eosinophil and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates of the intestinal wall and local lymph nodes, inflammation and haemorrhages in liver tissues, and interstitial inflammation and mineralisation of the kidneys and lungs. Larvae migrating through the minks’ bodies also caused particularly salient enlargement of lymphoid follicles in the spleen and inflammatory infiltrates of mononuclear cells in skeletal and heart muscles. Conclusions: It is assumed that histopathological lesions appeared as a local and general host response to invasive L3 T. canis and T. leonina larvae migrating through the tissues of infected farm mink. Interestingly, mink infected with embryonated eggs had more pronounced lesions than animals infected with tissue larvae. Detailed histopathological examinations of parenchymal organs and striated muscles revealed lesions resembling those observed in other paratenic host species due to toxocarosis.

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