scholarly journals Design Challenges in Polymeric Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Echeverria Molina ◽  
Katerina G. Malollari ◽  
Kyriakos Komvopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffold ◽  
Polymeric Scaffolds ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Design Challenges

Numerous surgical procedures are daily performed worldwide to replace and repair damaged tissue. Tissue engineering is the field devoted to the regeneration of damaged tissue through the incorporation of cells in biocompatible and biodegradable porous constructs, known as scaffolds. The scaffolds act as host biomaterials of the incubating cells, guiding their attachment, growth, differentiation, proliferation, phenotype, and migration for the development of new tissue. Furthermore, cellular behavior and fate are bound to the biodegradation of the scaffold during tissue generation. This article provides a critical appraisal of how key biomaterial scaffold parameters, such as structure architecture, biochemistry, mechanical behavior, and biodegradability, impart the needed morphological, structural, and biochemical cues for eliciting cell behavior in various tissue engineering applications. Particular emphasis is given on specific scaffold attributes pertaining to skin and brain tissue generation, where further progress is needed (skin) or the research is at a relatively primitive stage (brain), and the enumeration of some of the most important challenges regarding scaffold constructs for tissue engineering.

Regenereation in periodontics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtaza Kaderi ◽  
Mohsin Ali ◽  
Alfiya Ali ◽  
Tasneem Kaderi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Guided Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Extensive Documentation

The goals of periodontal therapy are to arrest of periodontal disease progression and to attain the regeneration of the periodontal apparatus. Osseous grafting and Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) are the two techniques with the most extensive documentation of periodontal regeneration. However, these techniques offer limited potential towards regenerating the periodontal tissues. Recent surgical procedures and application of newer materials aim at greater and more predictable regeneration with the concept of tissue engineering for enhanced periodontal regeneration and functional attachment have been developed, analyzed, and employed in clinical practice

scholarly journals Light Cross-Linkable Marine Collagen for Coaxial Printing of a 3D Model of Neuromuscular Junction Formation

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Borja Sanz ◽  
Ane Albillos Sanchez ◽  
Bonnie Tangey ◽  
Kerry Gilmore ◽  
Zhilian Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Zoonotic Disease Transmission ◽  
And Migration

Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that modulates cell adhesion, growth, and migration, and has been utilised in tissue engineering applications. However, the common terrestrial sources of collagen carry the risk of zoonotic disease transmission and there are religious barriers to the use of bovine and porcine products in many cultures. Marine based collagens offer an attractive alternative and have so far been under-utilized for use as biomaterials for tissue engineering. Marine collagen can be extracted from fish waste products, therefore industry by-products offer an economical and environmentally sustainable source of collagen. In a handful of studies, marine collagen has successfully been methacrylated to form collagen methacrylate (ColMA). Our work included the extraction, characterization and methacrylation of Red Snapper collagen, optimisation of conditions for neural cell seeding and encapsulation using the unmodified collagen, thermally cross-linked, and the methacrylated collagen with UV-induced cross-linking. Finally, the 3D co-axial printing of neural and skeletal muscle cell cultures as a model for neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation was investigated. Overall, the results of this study show great potential for a novel NMJ in vitro 3D bioprinted model that, with further development, could provide a low-cost, customizable, scalable and quick-to-print platform for drug screening and to study neuromuscular junction physiology and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals XPS Modeling of Immobilized Recombinant Angiogenin and Apoliprotein A1 on Biodegradable Nanofibers

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Anton Manakhov ◽  
Elizaveta Permyakova ◽  
Sergey Ershov ◽  
Svetlana Miroshnichenko ◽  
Mariya Pykhtina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vascular Growth ◽  
Vascular Growth Factor ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Protein Density

The immobilization of viable proteins is an important step in engineering efficient scaffolds for regenerative medicine. For example, angiogenin, a vascular growth factor, can be considered a neurotrophic factor, influencing the neurogenesis, viability, and migration of neurons. Angiogenin shows an exceptional combination of angiogenic, neurotrophic, neuroprotective, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this protein is a promising molecule that can be immobilized on carriers used for tissue engineering, particularly for diseases that are complicated by neurotrophic and vascular disorders. Another highly important and viable protein is apoliprotein A1. Nevertheless, the immobilization of these proteins onto promising biodegradable nanofibers has not been tested before. In this work, we carefully studied the immobilization of human recombinant angiogenin and apoliprotein A1 onto plasma-coated nanofibers. We developed a new methodology for the quantification of the protein density of these proteins using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and modeled the XPS data for angiogenin and apoliprotein A1 (Apo-A1). These findings were also confirmed by the analysis of immobilized Apo-A1 using fluorescent microscopy. The presented methodology was validated by the analysis of fibronectin on the surface of plasma-coated poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers. This methodology can be expanded for other proteins and it should help to quantify the density of proteins on surfaces using routine XPS data treatment.

Chitosan/β-TCP composites scaffolds coated with silk fibroin: a bone tissue engineering approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 015003
Author(s):  
Lya Piaia ◽  
Simone S Silva ◽  
Joana M Gomes ◽  
Albina R Franco ◽  
Emanuel M Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Polymeric Scaffolds ◽  
Bioactive Agents

Abstract Bone regeneration and natural repair are long-standing processes that can lead to uneven new tissue growth. By introducing scaffolds that can be autografts and/or allografts, tissue engineering provides new approaches to manage the major burdens involved in this process. Polymeric scaffolds allow the incorporation of bioactive agents that improve their biological and mechanical performance, making them suitable materials for bone regeneration solutions. The present work aimed to create chitosan/beta-tricalcium phosphate-based scaffolds coated with silk fibroin and evaluate their potential for bone tissue engineering. Results showed that the obtained scaffolds have porosities up to 86%, interconnectivity up to 96%, pore sizes in the range of 60–170 μm, and a stiffness ranging from 1 to 2 MPa. Furthermore, when cultured with MC3T3 cells, the scaffolds were able to form apatite crystals after 21 d; and they were able to support cell growth and proliferation up to 14 d of culture. Besides, cellular proliferation was higher on the scaffolds coated with silk. These outcomes further demonstrate that the developed structures are suitable candidates to enhance bone tissue engineering.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Growth and Migration of Schwann Cells on Electrospun Silk Fibroin Nanofibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Jun Hu ◽  
Bao Qi Zuo ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Qing Lan ◽  
Huan Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Nerve Tissue Engineering ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Silk Fibroin Nanofibers

Schwann cells (SCs) are primary structural and functional cells in peripheral nervous system and play a crucial role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Current challenge in peripheral nerve tissue engineering is to produce an implantable scaffold capable of bridging long nerve gaps and assist Scs in directing the growth of regenerating axons in nerve injury recovery. Electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers, fabricated for the cell culture in vitro, can provide such experiment support. Silk fibroin scaffolds (SFS) were fabricated with formic acid (FA), and the average fiber diameter was 305 ± 24 nm. The data from microscopic, immunohistochemical and scanning electron micrograph confirmed that the scaffold was beneficial to the adherence, proliferation and migration of SCs without exerting any significant cytotoxic effects on their phenotype. Thus, providing an experimental foundation accelerated the formation of bands of Bünger to enhance nerve regeneration. 305 nm SFS could be a candidate material for nerve tissue engineering.

APPLICATION OF BIOMECHANICS TO TISSUE ENGINEERING: A PERSONAL VIEW

2008 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE K. MILTHORPE
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Cellular Biomechanics ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Biomechanical Stimuli ◽  
Relationship Of

Cellular biomechanics is an area of study that is receiving more attention as time progresses. The response of cells to their mechanical environment, including biomechanical stimuli, has far-reaching ramifications for the area of tissue engineering, especially for tissues designed to withstand mechanical loading (e.g. bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments, and arteries). The effects of mechanical stimuli on cells are only recently being examined, and the potential role of mechanical stimuli in tissue engineering is still one that is largely ignored in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds. The relationship of mechanical properties of scaffolds or of mechanical stimuli to cell behavior is complex, but vital to the development of the field. Also, understanding the complex interplay of form and environment on cells involves an increase in our knowledge of how cells react to their total environment including mechanical stimuli and material properties. In order to improve tissue engineering outcomes, a nexus must be developed between the mechanical, biochemical, and biological studies of cellular behavior, in the context of extremely complex systems.

FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AORTIC ROOT AND VALVE SPARING CORRECTIONS

2006 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONICA SONCINI ◽  
EMILIANO VOTTA ◽  
SILVIA ZINICCHINO ◽  
VALERIA BURRONE ◽  
ROBERTO FUMERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Stress Pattern ◽  
Sinus Of Valsalva ◽  
Synthetic Graft ◽  
Valve Sparing ◽  
D Model

A 3-D model of the aortic root was developed consisting of aortic valve, sinus of Valsalva and aortic duct. Through finite element modeling, the mechanical behavior of the valve was investigated simulating four different configurations: physiological (baseline), aneurysmatic and corrected with two different sparing techniques, named after David and Yacoub, respectively. These surgical procedures imply the replacement of the sinus of Valsalva with a synthetic graft, inside which the cusps are resuspended. The final goal of this study consisted in the assessment of the mechanical effects of sinuses aneurysm on the whole root, as well as the effectiveness of the two aforementioned techniques in restoring valve functionality and normal stress values on the root substructures. Based on the assumption of three-leaflet symmetry, only one third of the aortic root was modeled. Two cardiac cycles were simulated and the mechanical behavior of the aortic root was evaluated in terms of stress pattern, contact pressure and contact areas observed during leaflets coaptation and when contact between the leaflet and the graft occurs. Both the sparing techniques are able to restore coaptation of the aortic valve, but for the David procedure, contact between the leaflet and the graft wall was detected.

scholarly journals Sprouty3, but Not Sprouty1, Expression Is Beneficial for the Malignant Potential of Osteosarcoma Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11944
Author(s):  
Anna Zita Mehira Kamptner ◽  
Christoph-Erik Mayer ◽  
Hedwig Sutterlüty
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Migration ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Tumor Entity ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Sprouty proteins are widely accepted modulators of receptor tyrosine kinase-associated pathways and fulfill diversified roles in cancerogenesis dependent on the originating cells. In this study we detected a high expression of Sprouty3 in osteosarcoma-derived cells and addressed the question of whether Sprouty3 and Sprouty1 influence the malignant phenotype of this bone tumor entity. By using adenoviruses, the Sprouty proteins were expressed in two different cell lines and their influence on cellular behavior was assessed. Growth curve analyses and Scratch assays revealed that Sprouty3 accelerates cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, more colonies were grown in Soft agar if the cells express Sprouty3. In parallel, Sprouty1 had no significant effect on the measured endpoints of the study in osteosarcoma-derived cells. The promotion of the tumorigenic capacities in the presence of Sprouty3 coincided with an increased activation of signaling as measured by evaluating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Ectopic expression of a mutated Sprouty3 protein, in which the tyrosine necessary for its activation was substituted, resulted in inhibited migration of the treated cells. Our findings identify Sprouty3 as a candidate for a tumor promoter in osteosarcoma.

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