scholarly journals Light Cross-Linkable Marine Collagen for Coaxial Printing of a 3D Model of Neuromuscular Junction Formation

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Borja Sanz ◽  
Ane Albillos Sanchez ◽  
Bonnie Tangey ◽  
Kerry Gilmore ◽  
Zhilian Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Zoonotic Disease Transmission ◽  
And Migration

Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that modulates cell adhesion, growth, and migration, and has been utilised in tissue engineering applications. However, the common terrestrial sources of collagen carry the risk of zoonotic disease transmission and there are religious barriers to the use of bovine and porcine products in many cultures. Marine based collagens offer an attractive alternative and have so far been under-utilized for use as biomaterials for tissue engineering. Marine collagen can be extracted from fish waste products, therefore industry by-products offer an economical and environmentally sustainable source of collagen. In a handful of studies, marine collagen has successfully been methacrylated to form collagen methacrylate (ColMA). Our work included the extraction, characterization and methacrylation of Red Snapper collagen, optimisation of conditions for neural cell seeding and encapsulation using the unmodified collagen, thermally cross-linked, and the methacrylated collagen with UV-induced cross-linking. Finally, the 3D co-axial printing of neural and skeletal muscle cell cultures as a model for neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation was investigated. Overall, the results of this study show great potential for a novel NMJ in vitro 3D bioprinted model that, with further development, could provide a low-cost, customizable, scalable and quick-to-print platform for drug screening and to study neuromuscular junction physiology and pathogenesis.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Growth and Migration of Schwann Cells on Electrospun Silk Fibroin Nanofibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Jun Hu ◽  
Bao Qi Zuo ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Qing Lan ◽  
Huan Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Nerve Tissue Engineering ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Silk Fibroin Nanofibers

Schwann cells (SCs) are primary structural and functional cells in peripheral nervous system and play a crucial role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Current challenge in peripheral nerve tissue engineering is to produce an implantable scaffold capable of bridging long nerve gaps and assist Scs in directing the growth of regenerating axons in nerve injury recovery. Electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers, fabricated for the cell culture in vitro, can provide such experiment support. Silk fibroin scaffolds (SFS) were fabricated with formic acid (FA), and the average fiber diameter was 305 ± 24 nm. The data from microscopic, immunohistochemical and scanning electron micrograph confirmed that the scaffold was beneficial to the adherence, proliferation and migration of SCs without exerting any significant cytotoxic effects on their phenotype. Thus, providing an experimental foundation accelerated the formation of bands of Bünger to enhance nerve regeneration. 305 nm SFS could be a candidate material for nerve tissue engineering.

Combined Effect of Glycosaminoglycan and Mechanical Stimulation on the In Vitro Biomechanics of Tissue Engineered Tendon Constructs

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten R. C. Kinneberg ◽  
Victor S. Nirmalanandhan ◽  
Heather M. Powell ◽  
Steven T. Boyce ◽  
David L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Type I ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Scaffold Materials

Tissue engineering offers an attractive alternative to direct repair or reconstruction of injuries to tendons, ligaments and capsular structures that represent almost 45% of the 32 million musculoskeletal injuries that occur each year in the United States [1]. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-seeded collagen constructs are currently being used by our group to repair tendon injuries in the rabbit model [2, 3]. Although these cell-assisted repairs exhibit 50% greater maximum force and stiffness at 12 weeks compared to values for natural repair, tissues often lack the maximum force sufficient to resist the peak in vivo forces acting on the repair site [3]. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that in vitro construct stiffness and repair stiffness at 12 weeks post surgery are positively correlated [4]. Therefore, in an effort to further improve the repair outcome using tissue engineering, we continue our investigation of scaffold materials to create stiffer MSC-collagen constructs. Our group has recently evaluated two scaffold materials, type I collagen sponges fabricated within the Engineered Skin Lab (ESL, Shriners Hospitals for Children) by a freezing and lyophilization process with and without glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin-6-sulfate; GAG) [5] and found the ESL sponges to significantly improve biomechanical properties of the constructs compared to sponges we currently use in the lab (P1076, Kensey Nash Corporation, Exton, PA). This study also demonstrated that GAG significantly upregulates collagen type I, decorin, and fibronectin gene expression (unpublished results).

scholarly journals Homemade Bread: Repurposing an Ancient Technology for Low Cost in vitro Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica T. Holmes ◽  
Ziba Jaberansari ◽  
William Collins ◽  
Maxime Leblanc Latour ◽  
Daniel J. Modulevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
3D Microenvironment

ABSTRACTCellular function is well known to be influenced by the physical cues and architecture of their three dimensional (3D) microenvironment. As such, numerous synthetic and naturally-occurring biomaterials have been developed to provide such architectures to support the proliferation of mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. In recent years, our group, and others, have shown that scaffolds derived from plants can be utilized for tissue engineering applications in biomedicine and in the burgeoning cultured meat industry. Such scaffolds are straightforward to prepare, allowing researchers to take advantage of their intrinsic 3D microarchitectures. During the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic many people around the world began to rediscover the joy of preparing bread at home and as a research group, our members participated in this trend. Having observed the high porosity of the crumb (the internal portion of the bread) we were inspired to investigate whether it might support the proliferation of mammalian cells in vitro. Here, we develop and validate a yeast-free “soda bread” that maintains its mechanical stability over two weeks in culture conditions. The scaffolding is highly porous, allowing the 3D proliferation of multiple cell types relevant to both biomedical tissue engineering and the development of novel future foods. Bread derived scaffolds are highly scalable and represent a surprising new alternative to synthetic or animal-derived scaffolds for addressing a diverse variety of tissue engineering challenges.

scholarly journals A Novel Biodegradable and Thermosensitive Poly(Ester-Amide) Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai-Sheng Fu ◽  
Yu-Hong Wei ◽  
Po-Yuan Cheng ◽  
I-Ming Chu ◽  
Wei-Chuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Diblock Copolymer ◽  
Diblock Copolymers ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Thermosensitive Hydrogels

Thermosensitive hydrogels are attractive alternative scaffolding materials for minimally invasive surgery through a simple injection and in situ gelling. In this study, a novel poly(ester-amide) polymer, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(pyrrolidone-co-lactide) (mPDLA, P3L7) diblock copolymer, was synthesized and characterized for cartilage tissue engineering. A series of amphiphilic diblock copolymers was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of mPEG 550, D,L-lactide, and 2-pyrrolidone. By dynamic light scattering analysis and tube-flipped-upside-down method, viscoelastic properties of the mPDLA diblock copolymer solution exhibited sol-gel transition behavior as a function of temperature. An in vitro degradation assay showed that degradation acidity was effectively reduced by introducing the 2-pyrrolidone monomer into the polyester hydrogel. Besides, mPDLA exhibited great biocompatibility in vitro for cell encapsulation due to a high swelling ratio. Moreover, cell viability and biochemical analysis proved that the mPDLA hydrogel presented a great chondrogenic response. Taken together, these results demonstrate that mPDLA hydrogels are promising injectable scaffolds potentially applicable to cartilage tissue engineering.

scholarly journals From Spheroids to Organoids: The Next Generation of Model Systems of Human Cardiac Regeneration in a Dish

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13180
Author(s):  
Mariangela Scalise ◽  
Fabiola Marino ◽  
Luca Salerno ◽  
Eleonora Cianflone ◽  
Claudia Molinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
And Migration

Organoids are tiny, self-organized, three-dimensional tissue cultures that are derived from the differentiation of stem cells. The growing interest in the use of organoids arises from their ability to mimic the biology and physiology of specific tissue structures in vitro. Organoids indeed represent promising systems for the in vitro modeling of tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, drug therapy testing, toxicology screening, and disease modeling. Although 2D cell cultures have been used for more than 50 years, even for their simplicity and low-cost maintenance, recent years have witnessed a steep rise in the availability of organoid model systems. Exploiting the ability of cells to re-aggregate and reconstruct the original architecture of an organ makes it possible to overcome many limitations of 2D cell culture systems. In vitro replication of the cellular micro-environment of a specific tissue leads to reproducing the molecular, biochemical, and biomechanical mechanisms that directly influence cell behavior and fate within that specific tissue. Lineage-specific self-organizing organoids have now been generated for many organs. Currently, growing cardiac organoid (cardioids) from pluripotent stem cells and cardiac stem/progenitor cells remains an open challenge due to the complexity of the spreading, differentiation, and migration of cardiac muscle and vascular layers. Here, we summarize the evolution of biological model systems from the generation of 2D spheroids to 3D organoids by focusing on the generation of cardioids based on the currently available laboratory technologies and outline their high potential for cardiovascular research.

scholarly journals Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Fabricated via Bioextrusion for Tissue Engineering Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Domingos ◽  
Dinuccio Dinucci ◽  
Stefania Cometa ◽  
Michele Alderighi ◽  
Paulo Jorge Bártolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Biodegradable Scaffolds ◽  
Donor Cells

The most promising approach in Tissue Engineering involves the seeding of porous, biocompatible/biodegradable scaffolds, with donor cells to promote tissue regeneration. Additive biomanufacturing processes are increasingly recognized as ideal techniques to produce 3D structures with optimal pore size and spatial distribution, providing an adequate mechanical support for tissue regeneration while shaping in-growing tissues. This paper presents a novel extrusion-based system to produce 3D scaffolds with controlled internal/external geometry for TE applications.The BioExtruder is a low-cost system that uses a proper fabrication code based on the ISO programming language enabling the fabrication of multimaterial scaffolds. Poly(ε-caprolactone) was the material chosen to produce porous scaffolds, made by layers of directionally aligned microfilaments. Chemical, morphological, and in vitro biological evaluation performed on the polymeric constructs revealed a high potential of the BioExtruder to produce 3D scaffolds with regular and reproducible macropore architecture, without inducing relevant chemical and biocompatibility alterations of the material.

scholarly journals Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-D-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11437
Author(s):  
Serkan Dikici ◽  
Muhammad Yar ◽  
Anthony J. Bullock ◽  
Joanna Shepherd ◽  
Sabiniano Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

2-deoxy-D-Ribose (2dDR) was first identified in 1930 in the structure of DNA and discovered as a degradation product of it later when the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase breaks down thymidine into thymine. In 2017, our research group explored the development of wound dressings based on the delivery of this sugar to induce angiogenesis in chronic wounds. In this review, we will survey the small volume of conflicting literature on this and related sugars, some of which are reported to be anti-angiogenic. We review the evidence of 2dDR having the ability to stimulate a range of pro-angiogenic activities in vitro and in a chick pro-angiogenic bioassay and to stimulate new blood vessel formation and wound healing in normal and diabetic rat models. The biological actions of 2dDR were found to be 80 to 100% as effective as VEGF in addition to upregulating the production of VEGF. We then demonstrated the uptake and delivery of the sugar from a range of experimental and commercial dressings. In conclusion, its pro-angiogenic properties combined with its improved stability on storage compared to VEGF, its low cost, and ease of incorporation into a range of established wound dressings make 2dDR an attractive alternative to VEGF for wound dressing development.

scholarly journals The Optimization of a Novel Hydrogel—Egg White-Alginate for 2.5D Tissue Engineering of Salivary Spheroid-Like Structure

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5751
Author(s):  
Yuli Zhang ◽  
Hieu M. Pham ◽  
Jose G. Munguia-Lopez ◽  
Joseph M. Kinsella ◽  
Simon D. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Cellular Spheroids ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking

Hydrogels have been used for a variety of biomedical applications; in tissue engineering, they are commonly used as scaffolds to cultivate cells in a three-dimensional (3D) environment allowing the formation of organoids or cellular spheroids. Egg white-alginate (EWA) is a novel hydrogel which combines the advantages of both egg white and alginate; the egg white material provides extracellular matrix (ECM)-like proteins that can mimic the ECM microenvironment, while alginate can be tuned mechanically through its ionic crosslinking property to modify the scaffold’s porosity, strength, and stiffness. In this study, a frozen calcium chloride (CaCl2) disk technique to homogenously crosslink alginate and egg white hydrogel is presented for 2.5D culture of human salivary cells. Different EWA formulations were prepared and biologically evaluated as a spheroid-like structure platform. Although all five EWA hydrogels showed biocompatibility, the EWA with 1.5% alginate presented the highest cell viability, while EWA with 3% alginate promoted the formation of larger size salivary spheroid-like structures. Our EWA hydrogel has the potential to be an alternative 3D culture scaffold that can be used for studies on drug-screening, cell migration, or as an in vitro disease model. In addition, EWA can be used as a potential source for cell transplantation (i.e., using this platform as an ex vivo environment for cell expansion). The low cost of producing EWA is an added advantage.

Development of a Hydroxyapatite Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold with a Trimodal Pore Structure

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 931-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor T. Buckley ◽  
K.U. O’Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffold ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Cell Penetration ◽  
Nutrient Delivery ◽  
And Migration

Tissue-engineering scaffold-based strategies have suffered from limited cell depth viability when cultured in vitro, with viable cells existing within the outer 250-500μm from the fluid-scaffold interface. This is primarily believed to be due to the lack of nutrient delivery into and waste removal from the inner regions of the scaffold construct. Other issues associated with porous scaffolds involve poor seeding efficiencies and limited cell penetration resulting in heterogeneous cellular distributions. This work focuses on the development a novel hydroxyapatite multi-domain porous scaffold architecture (i.e. a scaffold providing a discrete domain for cell occupancy and a separate domain for nutrient delivery) with the specific objectives of embodying in one scaffold the structures required to optimise cell seeding, cell proliferation and migration and potentially to facilitate vascularisation once implanted in vivo. This paper presents the development of the multidomain architecture and preliminary results on cell viability which show a significant improvement in cell viability in the scaffold interiors.

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