scholarly journals CircHIPK3 Plays Vital Roles in Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Huijuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Alu Elements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Homeodomain Transcription Factors

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNAs that function in various physiological and pathological processes. CircRNAs are widely involved in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CircHIPK3 is generated from the second exon of the HIPK3 gene, a corepressor of homeodomain transcription factors. As an exonic circRNA (ecRNA), circHIPK3 is produced through intron-pairing driven circularization facilitated by Alu elements. In the past 5 years, a growing number of studies have revealed the multifunctional roles of circHIPK3 in different diseases, such as cancer and CVD. CircHIPK3 mainly participates in CVD pathogenesis through interacting with miRNAs. This paper summarizes the current literature on the biogenesis and functions of circHIPK3, elucidates the role of circHIPK3 in different CVD patterns, and explores future perspectives.

scholarly journals Peroxiredoxins as Potential Targets for Cardiovascular Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Se-Jin Jeong ◽  
Jong-Gil Park ◽  
Goo Taeg Oh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidases ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells

Increased oxidative stress (OS) is considered a common etiology in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the precise regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiovascular cells is essential to maintain normal physiological functions. Numerous regulators of cellular homeostasis are reportedly influenced by ROS. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an endogenous ROS in aerobic cells, is a toxic substance that can induce OS. However, many studies conducted over the past two decades have provided substantial evidence that H2O2 acts as a diffusible intracellular signaling messenger. Antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and peroxiredoxins (Prdxs), maintain the balance of ROS levels against augmentation of ROS production during the pathogenesis of CVD. Especially, Prdxs are regulatory sensors of transduced intracellular signals. The intracellular abundance of Prdxs that specifically react with H2O2 act as regulatory proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of Prdxs in the regulation of ROS-induced pathological changes in the development of CVD.

scholarly journals The Role of Mondo Family Transcription Factors in Nutrient-Sensing and Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyi Ke ◽  
Yu Luan ◽  
Siming Wu ◽  
Yemin Zhu ◽  
Xuemei Tong
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Health Burdens ◽  
Adipocyte Development

In the past several decades obesity has become one of the greatest health burdens worldwide. Diet high in fats and fructose is one of the main causes for the prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity. Promoting brown or beige adipocyte development and activity is regarded as a potential treatment of obesity. Mondo family transcription factors including MondoA and carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) are critical for nutrient-sensing in multiple metabolic organs including the skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue and pancreas. Under normal nutrient conditions, MondoA and ChREBP contribute to maintaining metabolic homeostasis. When nutrient is overloaded, Mondo family transcription factors directly regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in brown and beige adipocytes or modulate the crosstalk between metabolic organs. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of MondoA and ChREBP in sensing nutrients and regulating obesity or related pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein(a): An update on its role in human health and disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Amalia-Despoina Koutsogianni ◽  
Evangelos Liberopoulos ◽  
Alexandros D. Tselepis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
The Past ◽  
Causal Risk Factor ◽  
Potential Clinical Benefit ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Health And Disease

Over the past few years, there has been an undiminished interest on lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. High Lp(a) levels have been proposed as an independent causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main question that remains to be answered, however, is the potential clinical benefit of Lp(a) reduction. This will contribute to the enrichment of our knowledge on the exact pathophysiological role of this lipoprotein. This narrative review aims to summarize currently available data on the structure, metabolism, and pathogenicity of Lp(a).

The role of vitamin D in cardiovascular disease: From present evidence to future perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent M. Brandenburg ◽  
Marc G. Vervloet ◽  
Nikolaus Marx
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Present Evidence

Role of Circular RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-583
Author(s):  
Baowei Li ◽  
Yuzhen Li ◽  
Longgang Hu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Qihui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Circular Rnas

scholarly journals Corticosteroid receptors, macrophages and cardiovascular disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J Rickard ◽  
Morag J Young
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Corticosteroid Receptors ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor are ligand-activated transcription factors that have important physiological and pathophysiological actions in a broad range of cell types including monocytes and macrophages. While the glucocorticoids cortisol and corticosterone have well-described anti-inflammatory actions on both recruited and tissue resident macrophages, a role for the mineralocorticoid aldosterone in these cells is largely undefined. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that MR signalling may promote pro-inflammatory effects. This review will discuss the current understanding of the role of corticosteroid receptors in macrophages and their effect on diseases involving inflammation, with a particular focus on cardiovascular disease.

Review on immunosenescence

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Ginaldi ◽  
Lucia Paola Mengoli ◽  
Massimo De Martinis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Old People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
General Improvement

The improvements of socio-environmental conditions, medical care and quality of life have caused a general improvement in the health status of the population and a consequent reduction of morbidity and mortality, resulting in an overall increased life-expectancy. The role of immunosenescence was negligible in the past, when the human lifespan was 40–50 years, and its impact on morbidity and mortality has emerged in combination with the extension of lifespan. Immunosenescence results from multifactorial processes that act on all components of the immune system. The changes associated with immunosenescence are playing an increasingly important role in the emergence of a series of age-related pathologies, conditioning the present epidemiology of old people.

Cardiovascular disease and trace metals

1979 ◽  
Vol 205 (1158) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the U. K. and other developed countries. In the U. K., mortality from coronary heart disease has increased progressively over the past 25 years, particularly in males. This paper examines the possible role of trace metals in the development of cardiovascular disease, with particular reference to the effects of cobalt, cadmium and lead in myocardial disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. It is concluded that cobalt is an unimportant factor in community levels of cardiovascular disease, that cadmium has striking effects on blood pressure in animals and that there is some evidence for an association between environmental lead and high blood pressure.

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