scholarly journals Peroxiredoxins as Potential Targets for Cardiovascular Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Se-Jin Jeong ◽  
Jong-Gil Park ◽  
Goo Taeg Oh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidases ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells

Increased oxidative stress (OS) is considered a common etiology in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the precise regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiovascular cells is essential to maintain normal physiological functions. Numerous regulators of cellular homeostasis are reportedly influenced by ROS. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an endogenous ROS in aerobic cells, is a toxic substance that can induce OS. However, many studies conducted over the past two decades have provided substantial evidence that H2O2 acts as a diffusible intracellular signaling messenger. Antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and peroxiredoxins (Prdxs), maintain the balance of ROS levels against augmentation of ROS production during the pathogenesis of CVD. Especially, Prdxs are regulatory sensors of transduced intracellular signals. The intracellular abundance of Prdxs that specifically react with H2O2 act as regulatory proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of Prdxs in the regulation of ROS-induced pathological changes in the development of CVD.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein(a): An update on its role in human health and disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Amalia-Despoina Koutsogianni ◽  
Evangelos Liberopoulos ◽  
Alexandros D. Tselepis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
The Past ◽  
Causal Risk Factor ◽  
Potential Clinical Benefit ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Health And Disease

Over the past few years, there has been an undiminished interest on lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. High Lp(a) levels have been proposed as an independent causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main question that remains to be answered, however, is the potential clinical benefit of Lp(a) reduction. This will contribute to the enrichment of our knowledge on the exact pathophysiological role of this lipoprotein. This narrative review aims to summarize currently available data on the structure, metabolism, and pathogenicity of Lp(a).

Cardiovascular disease and trace metals

1979 ◽  
Vol 205 (1158) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the U. K. and other developed countries. In the U. K., mortality from coronary heart disease has increased progressively over the past 25 years, particularly in males. This paper examines the possible role of trace metals in the development of cardiovascular disease, with particular reference to the effects of cobalt, cadmium and lead in myocardial disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. It is concluded that cobalt is an unimportant factor in community levels of cardiovascular disease, that cadmium has striking effects on blood pressure in animals and that there is some evidence for an association between environmental lead and high blood pressure.

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the Adenosinergic System the Missing Link?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Paganelli ◽  
Giovanna Mottola ◽  
Julien Fromonot ◽  
Marion Marlinge ◽  
Pierre Deharo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Adenosine A2a Receptors ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
A2a Receptors ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells ◽  
Adenosine A2a

The influence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCy) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. HHCy is associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis, and it is an independent risk factor for CVD, stroke and myocardial infarction. However, homocysteine (HCy)-lowering therapy does not affect the inflammatory state of CVD patients, and it has little influence on cardiovascular risk. The HCy degradation product hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a cardioprotector. Previous research proposed a positive role of H2S in the cardiovascular system, and we discuss some recent data suggesting that HHCy worsens CVD by increasing the production of H2S, which decreases the expression of adenosine A2A receptors on the surface of immune and cardiovascular cells to cause inflammation and ischemia, respectively.

Metabolic syndrome, inflammation and atherothrombosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Weiss ◽  
M. Rohla
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Pattern

SummaryExtensive research of the past decades altered our traditional concept about the genesis of atherosclerosis fundamentally. Today, the crucial role of inflammation in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques is indisputable. Patients at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease, owing to poor diet, obesity and low physical activity have been shown to exhibit a particular inflammatory pattern.Therefore, the present review highlights the crosslink between the metabolic syndrome (MetS), adipose tissue, adipokines and selected inflammatory cytokines in the context of atherothrombosis and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Why We Need Specialised Centres for Women’s Hearts: Changing the Face of Cardiovascular Care for Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Gulati ◽  
Cara Hendry ◽  
Biljana Parapid ◽  
Sharon L Mulvagh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cardiovascular Care ◽  
Incremental Increase

Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women globally, cardiovascular care for women remains suboptimal, with poorer outcomes than for men. During the past two decades, there has been an incremental increase in research and publications on CVD in women, addressing sex-specific risk factors, symptoms, pathophysiology, treatment, prevention and identification of inequities in care. Nonetheless, once women have manifested CVD, they continue to have increasingly worse outcomes than men. An approach to addressing these global disparities has been the worldwide establishment of specialised centres providing cardiovascular care for women. These women’s heart centres (WHCs) allow a comprehensive approach to the cardiovascular care of women across the lifespan. The purpose of this article is to define the need for and role of these specialised centres by outlining sex-specific gaps in CVD care, and to provide guidance on components within WHCs that may be considered when establishing such programmes.

scholarly journals Calcium, an Emerging Intracellular Messenger for the Hippo Pathway Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiju Wei ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Pathway Regulation ◽  
The Hippo Pathway ◽  
Cancer Studies

The Hippo pathway is a conserved signaling network regulating organ development and tissue homeostasis. Dysfunction of this pathway may lead to various diseases, such as regeneration defect and cancer. Studies over the past decade have found various extracellular and intracellular signals that can regulate this pathway. Among them, calcium (Ca2+) is emerging as a potential messenger that can transduce certain signals, such as the mechanical cue, to the main signaling machinery. In this process, rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, such as calcium-activated actin reset (CaAR), may construct actin filaments at the cell cortex or other subcellular domains that provide a scaffold to launch Hippo pathway activators. This article will review studies demonstrating Ca2+-mediated Hippo pathway modulation and discuss its implication in understanding the role of actin cytoskeleton in regulating the Hippo pathway.

scholarly journals CircHIPK3 Plays Vital Roles in Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Huijuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Alu Elements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Homeodomain Transcription Factors

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNAs that function in various physiological and pathological processes. CircRNAs are widely involved in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CircHIPK3 is generated from the second exon of the HIPK3 gene, a corepressor of homeodomain transcription factors. As an exonic circRNA (ecRNA), circHIPK3 is produced through intron-pairing driven circularization facilitated by Alu elements. In the past 5 years, a growing number of studies have revealed the multifunctional roles of circHIPK3 in different diseases, such as cancer and CVD. CircHIPK3 mainly participates in CVD pathogenesis through interacting with miRNAs. This paper summarizes the current literature on the biogenesis and functions of circHIPK3, elucidates the role of circHIPK3 in different CVD patterns, and explores future perspectives.

scholarly journals Role of microRNAs in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Systemic Autoimmune Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Chary Lopez-Pedrera ◽  
Nuria Barbarroja ◽  
Alejandra Mª Patiño-Trives ◽  
Maria Luque-Tévar ◽  
Carmen Torres-Granados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Molecules

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are the systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) most associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) events. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in SADs results from a complex interaction between traditional CV-risk factors, immune deregulation and disease activity. Oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory/prothrombotic mediators (cytokines/chemokines, adipokines, proteases, adhesion-receptors, NETosis-derived-products, and intracellular-signaling molecules) have been implicated in these vascular pathologies. Genetic and genomic analyses further allowed the identification of signatures explaining the pro-atherothrombotic profiles in RA, SLE and APS. However, gene modulation has left significant gaps in our understanding of CV co-morbidities in SADs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key post-transcriptional regulators of a suite of signaling pathways and pathophysiological effects. Abnormalities in high number of miRNA and their associated functions have been described in several SADs, suggesting their involvement in the development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis in the setting of RA, SLE and APS. This review focusses on recent insights into the potential role of miRNAs both, as clinical biomarkers of atherosclerosis and thrombosis in SADs, and as therapeutic targets in the regulation of the most influential processes that govern those disorders, highlighting the potential diagnostic and therapeutic properties of miRNAs in the management of CVD.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

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