scholarly journals Evaluation of Abdominal Computed Tomography Scans for Differentiating the Discrepancies in Abdominal Adipose Tissue Between Two Major Subtypes of Primary Aldosteronism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Ming Chen ◽  
Bo-Ching Lee ◽  
Po-Ting Chen ◽  
Kao-Lang Liu ◽  
Kuan-Heng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Computed Tomography ◽  
Aldosterone To Renin Ratio ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue between the two subtypes of primary aldosteronism (PA) using abdominal computed tomography. We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed as having essential hypertension (EH) or PA from the prospectively collected Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation (TAIPAI) database. Patients with PA were divided into the subgroups of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). Patients’ basic clinicodemographic data were collected, and a self-developed CT-based software program was used to quantify the abdominal adiposity indexes, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, VAT ratio, waist circumference (WC), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area, and SAT ratio. We included 190 patients with EH and 436 patients with PA (238 with IHA and 198 with APA). The APA group had significantly lower abdominal adiposity indexes than the other groups. We also found negative correlations of aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) with VAT area, VAT ratio, WC, and body mass index (BMI) in the APA group. After propensity score matching (which left 184 patients each in the IHA and APA groups), patients in the APA group still had significantly lower WC, SAT area, SAT ratio, and VAT ratio than those in the IHA group. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis indicated that lower probability of abdominal obesity was significantly related to patients with APA. Our data revealed that the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue was similar in patients with IHA and those with EH, but the abdominal adiposity indexes were significantly lower in patients with APA than in those with IHA and EH.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the association of abdominal adipose tissue measurements by using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) with untreated hypertension in a Chinese population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youzhou Chen ◽  
Zhuoli Zhang ◽  
Jihong Wang ◽  
Huayi Sun ◽  
Xingshan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Background: There are inconsistent results regarding the relationships of adiposity anthropometric indices and blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, and whether these relationships differ by sex is unclear. We aimed to elucidate the associations of adiposity indices measured using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) with BP and hypertension and to determine the effect of sex on the relationships in a Chinese population. Methods: Abdominal adipose fat, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area, was measured by QCT in 1488 participants. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured. Results: Compared to women, men had significantly greater VAT but less SAT regardless of hypertension status. VAT, SAT and WC correlated more with SBP in men than in women. After controlling for body weight, height and age, VAT area and WC in women and VAT area in men were positively associated with SBP and DBP level. VAT area correlated more with the increased risk of hypertension in men than in women [men: odds ratio (OR) = 1.013, women: OR = 1.011]. WC had a significant correlation with an increased risk of hypertension in women but a borderline association in men (P = 0.059) when adjusted for VAT area and SAT area. Conclusions: The association of abdominal adiposity with blood pressure components and hypertension differs qualitatively by sex. WC may be an important determinant of hypertension and may be used for risk stratification for hypertension among Chinese individuals.

scholarly journals A computed tomography scan application to evaluate adiposity in a minipig model of human obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1719-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Val-Laillet ◽  
S. Blat ◽  
I. Louveau ◽  
C. H. Malbert
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Abdominal Perimeter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The aim of the present study was to describe and validate a computed tomography (CT) method to analyse adiposity distribution in Göttingen minipigs. Adiposity was evaluated in two groups of minipigs. In group 1 (n 8), measurements were performed before and after the induction of obesity. In group 2 (n 7), animals were fed rations designed to obtain heterogeneous adiposity before analyses. CT acquisitions were associated with anatomical, ultrasonography and body chemical measurements. Our CT method was based on acquisition of a single slice at a fixed anatomical landmark, calculation of individual X-ray density ranges for CT values and delineation of the three main adipose compartments (subcutaneous adipose tissue, SAT; retroperitoneal adipose tissue, RAT; and visceral adipose tissue, VAT). Our validation measures showed that the CT-scan method was accurate, sensitive and reliable. The CT data were found to be correlated with body weight, abdominal perimeter, ultrasonography, anatomical measurements and body chemical composition (from r 0·84 to 0·93, P < 0·001 for all), with a pitfall concerning the precise estimation of VAT. With increased body weight, the amount of adipose tissue increased and the relative proportion of SAT increased, whereas the relative proportion of RAT and VAT decreased (P < 0·001 for all). Adiposity measured by CT, and especially SAT, was found to be negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r 0·54, P < 0·05). In conclusion, a precise evaluation of the adipose compartments in minipigs was done by CT. Therefore, the use of Göttingen minipigs is relevant to further investigate the relationship between the different adipose tissues and obesity.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Automated Segmentation for Muscle and Adipose Tissue from Abdominal Computed Tomography in Polytrauma Patients

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
Leanne L. G. C. Ackermans ◽  
Leroy Volmer ◽  
Leonard Wee ◽  
Ralph Brecheisen ◽  
Patricia Sánchez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Manual segmentation of muscle and adipose compartments from computed tomography (CT) axial images is a potential bottleneck in early rapid detection and quantification of sarcopenia. A prototype deep learning neural network was trained on a multi-center collection of 3413 abdominal cancer surgery subjects to automatically segment truncal muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue at the L3 lumbar vertebral level. Segmentations were externally tested on 233 polytrauma subjects. Although after severe trauma abdominal CT scans are quickly and robustly delivered, with often motion or scatter artefacts, incomplete vertebral bodies or arms that influence image quality, the concordance was generally very good for the body composition indices of Skeletal Muscle Radiation Attenuation (SMRA) (Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) = 0.92), Visceral Adipose Tissue index (VATI) (CCC = 0.99) and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Index (SATI) (CCC = 0.99). In conclusion, this article showed an automated and accurate segmentation system to segment the cross-sectional muscle and adipose area L3 lumbar spine level on abdominal CT. Future perspectives will include fine-tuning the algorithm and minimizing the outliers.

Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue as a predictor of high-grade renal cell carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rodríguez Covarrubias
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nuclear Grade ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

BACKGROUND: information about the influence of abdominal adipose tissue on the prognosis and aggressiveness of renal cell carcinoma is scarce.OBJECTIVE: to identify and quantify the relationship between abdominal adipose tissue and histopathologic characteristics of renal cell carcinoma.MATERIALS AND METHODS: data on patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with partial or radical nephrectomy were retrospectively collected. Visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured on preoperative computerized tomography scans. Histopathologic (pathologic 2002 TNM classification, tumor size, nuclear grade, necrosis, and metastasis) and clinical (sex, age, body mass index) variables were assessed. Visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue were adjusted by patient height (VAT-I and SAT-I). The association between adipose tissue measurements, patient characteristics, and histopathologic variables was assessed through a correlation, comparison, and regression analysis. A survival analysis was also carried out.RESULTS: one-hundred and five patients were included. No significant relationship between visceral adipose tissue and histopathologic characteristics was found. SAT-I was a significant variable inversely related to sex, but more importantly to nuclear grade, pN+, and necrosis. There was no influence of visceral adipose tissue or subcutaneous adipose tissue on survival.CONCLUSIONS: subcutaneous adipose tissue was related to the histopathologic characteristics of renal cell carcinoma. A larger amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue predicted a low nuclear grade and a lower frequency of pN+ and necrosis. Further study to clarify the interaction between adipose tissue and renal cell carcinoma biology is required.KEY WORDS: renal cell carcinoma, subcutaneous-abdominal adipose tissue, prognosis

scholarly journals Pathogenic Microenvironment from Diabetic–Obese Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipocytes Activating Differentiation of Human Healthy Preadipocytes Increases Intracellular Fat, Effect of the Apocarotenoid Crocetin

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Lesgui Alviz ◽  
David Tebar-García ◽  
Raquel Lopez-Rosa ◽  
Eva M. Galan-Moya ◽  
Natalia Moratalla-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Oil Red O Staining ◽  
Oil Red O ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

In diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), developed obesity is referred to as diabesity. Implementation of a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean, prevents diabesity. Saffron is frequently used in this diet because of its bioactive components, such as crocetin (CCT), exhibit healthful properties. It is well known that obesity, defined as an excessive accumulation of fat, leads to cardiometabolic pathology through adiposopathy or hypertrophic growth of adipose tissue (AT).This is related to an impaired adipogenic process or death of adipocytes by obesogenic signals. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the pathogenic microenvironment and CCT, activating differentiation of healthy preadipocytes (PA). For this, we used human cryopreserved PA from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) depots obtained from healthy and obese-DM2 donors. We studied the effect of a metabolically detrimental (diabesogenic) environment, generated by obese-DM2 adipocytes from VAT (VdDM) or SAT (SdDM), on the viability and accumulation of intracellular fat of adipocytes differentiated from healthy PA, in the presence or absence of CCT (1 or 10 μM). Intracellular fat was quantified by Oil Red O staining. Cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay. Our results showed that diabesogenic conditions induce cytotoxicity and provide a proadipogenic environment only for visceral PA. CCT at 10 μM acted as an antiadipogenic and cytoprotective compound.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Fat Tissue Changes—Adipocyte Morphometry, Collagen Deposition, and Expression of CD163+ Cells in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue of Male Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3627
Author(s):  
Robert Mujkić ◽  
Darija Šnajder Mujkić ◽  
Ivana Ilić ◽  
Edi Rođak ◽  
Antun Šumanovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Childhood obesity is a complex health problem, and not many studies have been done on adipose tissue remodeling in early childhood. The aim of this study was to examine extracellular matrix remodeling in the adipose tissue of healthy male children depending on their weight status. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was obtained from 45 otherwise healthy male children who underwent elective surgery for hernia repairs or orchidopexy. The children were divided into overweight/obese (n = 17) or normal weight groups (n = 28) depending on their body mass index (BMI) z-score. Serum was obtained for glucose, testosterone, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) measurements. Sections of adipose tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to determine the adipocytes’ surface area, and Masson’s trichrome stain was used to detect the adipocytes’ collagen content. Immunohistochemistry for CD163+ cells was also performed. The results showed that male children in the overweight group had higher serum triglyceride levels, greater adipocyte surface area and collagen content in their subcutaneous adipose tissue, more crown-like structures in fat tissues, and more CD163+ cells in their visceral adipose tissue than males in the normal weight group. In conclusion, in male children, obesity can lead to the hypertrophy of adipocytes, increased collagen deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissues, and changes in the polarization and accumulation of macrophages.

Abstract 17843: Visceral Adipose Tissue Secretion of Adiponectin Decreases with Increased Body Mass Index

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenore R Rengel ◽  
Brittaney Obi ◽  
Jon Gould ◽  
Matthew Goldblatt ◽  
Andrew Kastenmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: Peripheral adiposity is associated with better metabolic health and higher plasma adiponectin (ADPN) levels. Since ADPN is secreted mainly by adipose tissue (AT), it is intriguing that higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with lower ADPN levels and poor metabolic health. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that various AT depots differ in their ability to secrete ADPN. Methods: Paired AT samples (VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)) were collected from 19 subjects (10 women, 15 obese) undergoing elective abdominal surgery. The samples were cultured and the supernatant was collected after 24 hours. ADPN levels released into the supernatant from VAT and SAT were measured using multiplex methods. Subjects were defined as obese or non-obese (NO) based on BMI > or ≤ 30kg/m2 respectively. Obese subjects were further classified as metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) or metabolically healthy obese (MHO) based on presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease at the time of surgery. Results: Mean ADPN secretion levels from SAT and VAT were similar in NO subjects (17.3 ± 3.4 vs. 9.8 ± 13.0 ng/mL/mg, p=0.5) whereas the mean ADPN secretion was lower from VAT among obese subjects (15.9 ± 0.8 vs. 4.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL/mg, p=0.0002). ADPN secretion decreased from VAT (r=-0.16) and increased from SAT (r=0.33) with increased BMI (Fig.1). When MHO and MUO were compared, ADPN secretion from VAT in MHO was reduced only slightly (16.1 ± 8.2 vs. 4.0 ± 2.0 ng/mL/mg, p=0.07) whereas ADPN secretion was significantly reduced in MUO (15.9 ± 5.3 vs. 4.7 ± 4.6 ng/mL/mg, p=0.003). Conclusions: Reduced ADPN secretion from VAT in subjects with increasing BMI may explain lower circulating ADPN levels in obese individuals. Higher ADPN production from SAT and the relatively preserved secretion of ADPN from VAT may explain metabolic health in some obese individuals. Futures studies will help identify factors that control ADPN secretion from AT.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document