Medidas corporales y estimación de peso vivo en bucerros predestete en la provincia de Granma, Cuba

La investigación se realizó en la oriental provincia de Granma, área que destaca por sus resultados científicos relacionados con el comportamiento productivo de la especie bubalina en Cuba. El objetivo fue estimar el peso vivo a través de medidas corporales en bucerros desde el nacimiento hasta los ocho meses de edad. Se registraron datos de 1 302 animales, hembras y machos nacidos de 120 búfalas de la raza Buffalypso en el período 2008 a 2015, las medidas corporales: alto de la cruz (AC), longitud del cuerpo (LC), perímetro torácico (PT), perímetro abdominal (PA), ancho de la pelvis (AP), largo de la pelvis (LP) y ancho del tórax (AT) fueron medidas con cinta métrica en cm. Mientras el peso vivo (PV) fue determinado con plataforma digital, todas las maniobras se hicieron cada 30 días. Los modelos predictivos utilizados fueron: Quetélet, PV = (PT)2 (longitud de cuerpo) (87,5); Crevat, PV= (PT) (Longitud del cuerpo) (PA) (80) y Correa, PV= (PT)2(Longitud del cuerpo)/ 300. Los resultados comparativos por sexo arrojaron diferencias altamente significativas (P<0,001) para el PA y diferencias significativas (P<0,05) para el PT, PV, LP y LC a favor de los machos. EL modelo que mostró mejor ajuste (r2=0,96, P>0,001) combinó tres variables (PT, PA y LC), aunque el perímetro torácico solo mostró parámetros elevados (r2=0,94, P>0,001). Finalmente se concluye que las elevadas correlaciones entre las medidas corporales y el peso vivo, demuestran que las variables estudiadas pueden por si solas o combinadas explicar el comportamiento del peso vivo, pero la ecuación de predicción del PV (kg) a través de PT (cm) propuesta atribuye mayores ventajas para la práctica del pesaje. The research was carried out in the eastern province of Granma, an area that stands out for its scientific results related to the productive behavior of the buffalo species in Cuba. The objective was to estimate live weight through body measurements in calves from birth to eight months of age. Data were recorded on 1 302 animals, females and males born to 120 buffaloes of the Buffalypso breed in the period 2008 to 2015, body measurements: height at the withers (AC), body length (LC), thoracic perimeter (PT) , abdominal perimeter (PA), pelvic width (AP), pelvic length (LP) and chest width (AT) were measured with a tape measure in cm. While the live weight (PV) was determined with a digital platform, all the maneuvers were done every 30 days. The predictive models used were: Quetélet, PV = (PT) 2 (body length) (87.5); Crevat, PV = (PT) (Body length) (PA) (80) and Correa, PV = (PT) 2 (Body length) / 300. The comparative results by sex yielded highly significant differences (P <0.001) for the PA and significant differences (P <0.05) for the PT, PV, LP and LC in favor of males. The model that showed the best fit (r2 = 0.96, P> 0.001) combined three variables (PT, PA and LC), although the thoracic perimeter only showed elevated parameters (r2 = 0.94, P> 0.001). Finally, it is concluded that the high correlations between body measurements and live weight show that the variables studied can, alone or in combination, explain the behavior of live weight, but the prediction equation of LW (kg) through PT (cm ) proposal attributes greater advantages to the practice of weighing.

THE LEVEL OF MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT COMPARED TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NATIONAL EVALUATION SYSTEM IN GRADE 4 STUDENTS

A good knowledge of the level of development of motor skills of students allows us to identify/improve/establish the level ofmanifestation of its components and the relationships between them. Physical fitness is a strong indicator of health in childhood and adolescence and a main objective for the specialist in the field. In this context, the present study was carried out in 2018-2019and aimed to determine the level of development of motor skills in fourth-grade students from several school units in Craiova, compared tothe requirements of the national evaluation system. Materials and methods.In order to ascertain the level of somatic and motor development of the group included in the present approach, anthropometric measurements and motor testswere applied, namely: height, weight, torso/chest height, abdominal perimeter, arm span,thestanding long jump, supine trunk lifts, the 25mrunning speedand the long-distancerunning. The recording methods applied were those already standardized. Results. Following the analysis of the recorded data we can state that,as far as somatic indicators are concerned, the investigated group presents values below the average of students of the same age in both girls and boys, and there are no significant differences between sexes. However, there is a downward trend inthe average values in the motor tests, many of the recorded values being above therequirements of the national evaluation system. Also, the body mass index calculated for the target group has values that place the studentsin a comfortable range, the average being below the underweight threshold. Conclusions. We consider such approaches very useful, both for a diagnosis of what is actually happening in the school, and forapplying targeted intervention programs to improve any deficiencies.

Roux-en-y gastric bypass improves in short term the clinical-anthropometric parameters and reduces risk for obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases / Bypass gástrico roux-en-y melhora a curto prazo os parâmetros clínico-antropométricos e reduz o risco de doenças cardiometabólicas relacionadas à obesidade

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is the most applied technique in the treatment of severe obesity worldwide. However, its impact on anthropometric parameters and the risk for cardiometabolic diseases in obese patients is uncertain. To evaluate anthropometric clinical parameters and the evolution of risk factors for obesity-related diseases in individuals of both sexes undergoing RYGB. Sixty-nine adults subjects from both sexes submitted to RYGB surgery treatment were divided into 3 groups: G1(13 months, n=24); G2 (13 and 25 months, n=21), and G3 (25 and 37 months, n=24). Sociodemographic and anthropometric information before and after surgery were collected. The abdominal perimeter was used in the classification of cardiometabolic risk and the BMI was used for the risk of obesity-related diseases. Hypotheses were tested by Student's t-test and ANOVA, and the significance level adopted was 5%. The average age was 36.0±10.0 years, with 69.6% being male and 30.4% female. Anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI, and abdominal circumference) were higher among women, except for weight loss and percentage of weight loss. There was a difference in weight loss between the sexes in the moments before and after RYGB. There was a decrease in the risk of disease due to obesity and cardiovascular diseases after RYGB. Weight loss and %WL were greater years by year in the short term of 3 years after surgery. RYGB proved to be an effective strategy for both sexes in combating obesity, providing in the short term a significant improvement in clinical-anthropometric parameters and reduction of risk factors for obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases.

Cardiac microcalcification burden is associated with cardiac fat variables in high cardiovascular risk patients

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Calcification plays a major role in coronary atherogenesis. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with fluorine-18 sodium fluoride (Na[18F]F) is able to detect microcalcification and is associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Thoracic fat volume (TFV) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) are associated with atherosclerosis, pro-inflammatory state, and CV events. Purpose We aimed to evaluate the association between Na[18F]F uptake and cardiac fat variables. Methods Cardiac Na[18F]F uptake was assessed as global molecular calcification score (GMCS): the sum of the product of the mean standardized uptake value times the area of the cardiac regions of interest times the slice thickness for all cardiac transaxial slices, divided by the total number of slices. TFV was assessed in computed tomography (CT) using automated software to sum the voxels consisting of fat (threshold of -190 to -30 Hounsfield units) between the bifurcation of pulmonary artery and the end of pericardial sac. EAT was segmented manually tracing the counter of the pericardium with 3DSlicer and the final volume calculated using the dedicated software. Coronary artery calcium score (CAC) was measured with dedicated software for calcium scoring (GE Healthcare Advantage Workstation 4.2). Results Thirty-four high CV risk individuals without previous CV events (50% with ≥5 CV risk factors) were retrospectively scanned with Na[18F]F PET-CT. Mean age is 63.5 ± 7.8 years and 62% male. Median values are: GMCS 320.9 (240.8-402.8), TFV 167.8 (131.4-211.3) mL, EAT 81.3 (60.7-107.2) cm3, and CAC 0.0 (2.5-20.0). There is a positive correlation between GMCS and abdominal perimeter (rs = 0.74), weight (rs = 0.61), TFV (rs = 0.47), and EAT (rs = 0.41), all with p ≤ 0.01. Thoracic and epicardial fat volumes are strongly correlated (rs = 0.80, p &lt; 0.01). Both TFV and EAT are correlated with abdominal perimeter (rs = 0.60, p &lt; 0.01 and rs = 0.46, p &lt; 0.01, respectively) and weight (rs = 0.47, p &lt; 0.01 and rs = 0.42, p = 0.01, respectively). GMCS [356.7 (321.0-409.6) vs. 261.1 (225.6-342.1), p = 0.01] and thoracic fat volume [184.3 (153.2-303.7) vs. 142.1 (90.0-173.1) mL, p = 0.01] are higher in patients with ≥5 CV risk factors, but not EAT [92.5 (62.0-145.7) vs. 76.7 (56.2-86.8) cm3, p = 0.14]. Neither GMCS (rs=-0.06, p = 0.77), TFV (rs = 0.20, p &lt; 0.32) nor EAT (rs = 0.06, p &lt; 0.76) are correlated with CAC score. Conclusions In this exploratory analysis with high CV risk patients, the global cardiac microcalcification burden assessed by GMCS is associated with TFV and EAT, but there was no correlation between these variables and CAC. We hypothesize that both GMCS and cardiac fat variables might help to identify higher-risk patients in earlier phases than traditional CT.

Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome and Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency Due to an Interaction Between Fluticasone and Ritonavir

Introduction: The interaction between corticosteroids and protease inhibitors (PIs) is a clearly described drug interaction. Several case series have been described.-Fluticasone is the one with the greatest potential risk of producing iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency given its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Clinical Case: 44-year-old woman diagnosed with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) category B3 diagnosed in 1989; multiple antiretroviral treatments. Severe lipodystrophy Also HCV genotype IA. Bronchial asthma since 2000. A treatment with fluticasone 1 inh / 24h, salbutamol on demand, darunavir 800 mg / day and ritonavir 100 mg / day. He had known lipodystrophy since 2001 and the abdominal perimeter was controlled, showing an increase in it. Likewise, she presented progressive proximal weakness in the lower limbs, with increased hair, capillary fragility and alopecia, which is why she was referred to Endocrinology. Moderate hirsutism, muscle atrophy were observed and in the analytical study: normal FSH and LH. Testosterone 0.05 ng / ml (0.1–0.9), ACTH 1.0 pg / ml (7.2–63.3), Cortisol am 0.65 µg / dl (4.30–22.40). Urinary free cortisol 3.74 µg / 24h (36–137). A Synacten Test is performed: Basal 0.52; 30 min 2.33; 60 min 2.84 with ACTH 1 and a diagnosis of iatrogenic independent ACTH Cushing Syndrome associated with secondary adrenal insufficiency. With this diagnosis, he was referred to the pulmonology clinic for a change from inhaled corticosteroid to beclomethasone and replacement treatment with hydroaltenesone was started. Three months later, he was admitted for a fever after stopping hydroaltesone. It was restarted, antibiotic treatment was prescribed, and she was discharged home with a new regimen of antiretrovirals (raltegravir, tenofovir, and abacavir). Clinical Lesson: Fluticasone is a synthetic steroid that is cleared by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4, which is inhibited or enhanced by a multitude of drugs, including ritonavir. As it is not metabolized, there is an increase in circulating levels, causing a decrease in ACTH secretion and therefore a suppression of the adrenal gland with its insufficiency and cushing syndrome. In our case and usually, the initial signs are difficult to detect due to their overlap with lipodystrophy associated with protease inhibitors. Although there is no agreement in the literature: the options are the replacement of fluticasone with another corticosteroid that is not a CYP3A4 substrate such as beclomethasone and the replacement of ritonavir with another antiretroviral (as in our case) or the reduction of the dose of fluticasone. It is recommended to avoid the initiation of fluticasone in patients receiving ritonavir. Substitution treatment with a progressive reduction in dose is performed with hydroaltesona. Most cases resolve in 9–12 months.

Obesity and Gallstones

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The prevalence of obesity has been increasing globally and represents the main risk factor for the development of gallstone disease (GD). <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Excess body weight represents the main cause for the development of GD; nevertheless, there have been described multiple risk factors for its development, among them modifiable risk factors as diet, lifestyle, physical inactivity, and non-modifiable risk factors as ethnicity, female sex, advanced age, parity, and genetic mutations. Body mass index, abdominal perimeter, and waist-hip index have been used to determine the degree of adiposity of a person. Hence, central abdominal fat has been mostly associated with insulin resistance with the consequent increase in the hepatic cholesterol secretion; contributing as one of the multiple mechanisms associated with the development of gallstones. This disease has a low mortality; however, it has been associated with multiple diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, carotid atherosclerosis, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, and gallbladder cancer, probably because they share many of the risk factors. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> GD continues to be considered a disease with a high medical burden, in which it is sought to intervene in modifiable risk factors to reduce its development.

Abdominal Perimeter Reduction with a Non-Contact Transdermal Radiofrequency Device at 27.12 Mhz and 300 Atts of Power: Retrospective Results Study

Introduction: The global demand for non-invasive fat reduction procedures is continuously increasing. Numerous procedures have been developed for this purpose, such as ultrasound, focused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, radiofrequency, and laser, which can be used alone or combined. Several of these procedures do not have publications with evident results, and others, although they obtain results, have described adverse effects and moderate and severe complications. Methods: Retrospective patient records evaluation. Forty patients, twenty-three women and seventeen men, treated between August 2017 and December 2019, fulfilled a control at 30 days post-treatment (PT), with ages between 19 and 84 years, an average of 50 years, who underwent complete treatment of 6 and 8 sessions with non-contact transdermal radiofrequency equipment (NCTR) of 27.12 Mhz and 300 watts of power. Results: The patient's abdominal perimeter average reduction obtained was 1.35 cm (range of 0 cm to 6 cm) on patients who performed six sessions. The patient's abdominal perimeter average reduction was 2.47 cm (range 0.5 cm to 13 cm) on patients who completed eight sessions. The abdominal perimeter average reduction in all 40 patients was 1.91 cm (range 0 cm to 13 cm). Only two patients of the group of six sessions didn´t show any reduction. A significant abdominal perimeter reduction measure decreased according to the increase of sessions number: 54.65 % more reduction comparing the eight sessions group against the six sessions group of treated patients. More abdominal circumference reduction was found in males, an average of 2.7 cm, compared to females, an average of 1.5 cm, in the total of 40 patients comparing at 30 days post-treatment control results. It means that males obtain 55% more response to the treatment than females. Four fatty tissue induration that did not generate deformity or symptomatology appear as side effects. Resolved spontaneously without treatment in 7 days in the whole series appear. Conclusion: NCTR device at 27.12 Mhz and 300 watts of power turned out to be a safe and effective treatment to eliminate abdominal and flank fat, reduce circumference, and improve abdominal contour in most patients treated. A significant increase in abdominal perimeter reduction was found according to the rise in NCTR sessions. This significant reduction is noticed better at 30-day PT control than at the end of the treatment. Males obtain a better response to the treatment. Carrying out prospective studies with a larger number of subjects and long-term follow-up and adding better fat tissue reduction controls like ultrasound, computed axial tomography in all patients will make it possible to objectify better the results obtained.

Newborns in intensive care: Apgar score predicts in fifth minute

Apgar Score (AS) < 7 is a predictor of mortality. Survival is shorter in newborns, with AS5min < 7 and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze whether maternal, obstetric, anthropometric, and postnatal variables of newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may be associated with AS5min < 7. If this score is a predictor of morbidity and mortality, and if factors most associated with the worse AS interfere with survival. This observational, retrospective, and quantitative study used a descriptive and inferential approach to analyze the medical records of patients of both sexes treated in the NICU of a tertiary hospital which is a recognized reference center of maternal and child health, during 2017. Data were collected to verify the relationship between AS values ​​(AS5min < 7 and AS5min ≥ 7). AS5min < 7 was associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), premature rupture of the amniotic membrane, vaginal delivery, fetal trauma at birth, abdominal perimeter, and ventilatory support. Among these, HDP and the use of IMV were predictors of lower survival. Conclusion: AS5min was associated with maternal, obstetric, anthropometric, and postnatal variables of neonates admitted to the NICU. Specific maternal and postnatal variables interfered with the survival of these newborns.

Frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a series of forensic cases in Mexico

The Mexican population is overweight (34%) and obese (21%). Obesity is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Most studies of the frequency and prevalence of NAFLD have been performed using ultrasonography. In Mexico, ultrasound-based studies have shown a prevalence of NAFLD of 15.7 to 17 %. Objective. The objective was to determine the frequency of NAFLD in apparently asymptomatic individuals who died instantly in a traffic accident and with not known background of liver disease. Material and Methods. Autopsies were performed at the Coroner’s Office in the Municipality of Boca del Río, Mexico, during the period from January to December 2016. The variables studied included age, sex, weight, height, abdominal perimeter, fat panicle-thickness, main cause of death, and liver biopsy (NASH CRN classification). Results. Of the 32 cases studied, 78.1 % were males. Average age was 48 years (range 20-80 years). The body mass index range (BMI) was 17-33. A 34% of cases had NAFLD. 27.3 % of the cases with NAFLD had a normal BMI. Conclusions. This postmortem study showed a higher frequency of asymptomatic hepatic steatosis than previously reported in the Mexican population. The establishment of timely national measures to detect and prevent complications of NFALD is necessary.

Ascites in peripartum cardiomyopathy: case report

Ascites is the abnormal accumulation of excess fluid in peritoneal cavity.1 Normally, peritoneal cavity contains 25–50 mL of ascitic fluid, which allows for the movement of bowel loops past one other and helps hydrate serousal surfaces. Cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites in the Western world (75%), followed by peritoneal malignancy (12%), heart failure (5%) (include peripartum cardiomyopathy), and peritoneal tuberculosis (2%). A 19-years-old woman diagnosed with peripartum cardiomyopathy. She came with chest pain and increased of her abdominal perimeter since 6 month ago, a month after she got cesarean delivery. She was given high protein and low sodium diet, water restriction, treated with furosemide 40 mg, spironolactone 25 mg, and abdominal paracentesis with total 1500 cc of yellowish ascites fluid was evacuated. Early detection is required in this case to ensure effective management without any complications. Treatment depends upon the cause of the ascites. Dietary sodium restriction and diuretics remains the first line therapy for its management. The use of diuretics needs close monitoring and follow up, including weight loss, electrolytes, and patient’s condition daily.