scholarly journals Transcriptomic Changes in Hot Spring Frog Tadpoles (Buergeria otai) in Response to Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Komaki ◽  
Masatoshi Matsunami ◽  
Jhan-Wei Lin ◽  
Ko-Huan Lee ◽  
Yen-Po Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

Buergeria frog tadpoles exhibit high thermal tolerance and are occasionally found in water pools that temporarily exceed 40°C. With the aim of understanding how they can cope with the severe heat stress, we performed RNA-seq of three heat-treated (38°C) and three control (25°C) tadpoles and compared their transcriptomic profiles. We identified 382 differentially expressed transcripts. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of these transcripts further identified hub proteins involved in protein degradation, stress granule assembly, and global suppression of DNA transcription and mRNA translation. Along with the avoidance behavior against high water temperature, these endurance mechanisms potentially support tadpoles to survive in high temperatures for short periods of time. Similar mechanisms may exist in many other amphibian species whose habitats are prone to high temperatures.

scholarly journals Differential Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses to Heat Stress in Two Blueberry Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2481
Author(s):  
Jodi Callwood ◽  
Kalpalatha Melmaiee ◽  
Krishnanand P. Kulkarni ◽  
Amaranatha R. Vennapusa ◽  
Diarra Aicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Go Terms

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are highly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, especially increasing temperatures. To gain insight into mechanisms underpinning the response to heat stress, two blueberry species were subjected to heat stress for 6 and 9 h at 45 °C, and leaf samples were used to study the morpho-physiological and transcriptomic changes. As compared with Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium darrowii exhibited thermal stress adaptation features such as small leaf size, parallel leaf orientation, waxy leaf coating, increased stomatal surface area, and stomatal closure. RNAseq analysis yielded ~135 million reads and identified 8305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during heat stress against the control samples. In V. corymbosum, 2861 and 4565 genes were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h of heat stress, whereas in V. darrowii, 2516 and 3072 DEGs were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h, respectively. Among the pathways, the protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was the highly enriched pathway in both the species: however, certain metabolic, fatty acid, photosynthesis-related, peroxisomal, and circadian rhythm pathways were enriched differently among the species. KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed important biosynthesis and metabolic pathways crucial in response to heat stress. The GO terms enriched in both the species under heat stress were similar, but more DEGs were enriched for GO terms in V. darrowii than the V. corymbosum. Together, these results elucidate the differential response of morpho-physiological and molecular mechanisms used by both the blueberry species under heat stress, and help in understanding the complex mechanisms involved in heat stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress on carcass and meat quality of indigenous sheep of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rana ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
S Akhter ◽  
M Habibullah ◽  
MH Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Significant Difference

The research was conducted to study the effect of heat stress on carcass characteristics and meat quality in indigenous sheep. Nine sheep were divided into three groups which were almost similar in age, sex and weight. Three groups were divided as zero hour (T0), four hours (T4) and eight hours (T8) heat exposure to direct sunlight. During experimental period temperature–humidity index (THI) value was calculated as 27.09 which indicated T4 and T8 groups were subjected to heat stress condition for at least four hours and eight hours respectively every day. Slaughter weight, body length and heart girth had no significant difference among the treatment groups. Dry matter, ash and ether extract had no significant difference (p>0.05) among the treatment groups but crude protein were increased with the increase of heat stress from T0 to T8 group (p<0.05). Drip loss was increased (p<0.05) in non-exposure group than treated groups but there is no significant result (p>0.05) found in pH and cooking loss. Carcass weight and eye muscle area had no significant difference (p>0.05) among the treatment groups but dressing percentage was decreased with the increase of time in heat treated groups (p<0.01). Significant difference (p<0.05) were found in weight of heart, kidney, lung + trachea and pluck between control and heat treated groups. The significant difference (p>0.05) in empty gut was found in gut with content and gut fill in heat treated groups. It can be concluded that heat stress had significant changes on carcass characteristics and meat quality of indigenous sheep.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i2.20717 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (2): 147-153

scholarly journals Exploring Heat-Response Mechanisms of MicroRNAs Based on Microarray Data of Rice Post-meiosis Panicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yan Peng ◽  
Xianwen Zhang ◽  
Yuewu Liu ◽  
Xinbo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Heat Response ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction Network

To explore heat response mechanisms of mircoRNAs (miRNAs) in rice post-meiosis panicle, microarray analysis was performed on RNA isolated from rice post-meiosis panicles which were treated at 40°C for 0 min, 10 min, 20 min, 60 min, and 2 h. By integrating paired differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and mRNA expression profiles, we found that the expression levels of 29 DE-miRNA families were negatively correlated to their 178 DE-target genes. Further analysis showed that the majority of miRNAs in 29 DE-miRNA families resisted the heat stress by downregulating their target genes and a time lag existed between expression of miRNAs and their target genes. Then, GO-Slim classification and functional identification of these 178 target genes showed that (1) miRNAs were mainly involved in a series of basic biological processes even under heat conditions; (2) some miRNAs might play important roles in the heat resistance (such as osa-miR164, osa-miR166, osa-miR169, osa-miR319, osa-miR390, osa-miR395, and osa-miR399); (3) osa-miR172 might play important roles in protecting the rice panicle under the heat stress, but osa-miR437, osa-miR418, osa-miR164, miR156, and miR529 might negatively affect rice fertility and panicle flower; and (4) osa-miR414 might inhibit the flowering gene expression by downregulation of LOC_Os 05g51830 to delay the heading of rice. Finally, a heat-induced miRNA-PPI (protein-protein interaction) network was constructed, and three miRNA coregulatory modules were discovered.

scholarly journals Interactions among temperature, moisture, and oxygen concentrations in controlling decomposition rates in a boreal forest soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Sierra ◽  
Saadatullah Malghani ◽  
Henry W. Loescher
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Abstract. Determining environmental controls on soil organic matter decomposition is of importance for developing models that predict the effects of environmental change on global soil carbon stocks. There is uncertainty about the environmental controls on decomposition rates at temperature and moisture extremes, particularly at high water content levels and high temperatures. It is uncertain whether observed declines in decomposition rates at high temperatures are due to declines in the heat capacity of extracellular enzymes as predicted by thermodynamic theory, or due to simultaneous declines in soil moisture. It is also uncertain whether oxygen limits decomposition rates at high water contents. Here we present the results of a full factorial experiment using organic soils from a boreal forest incubated at high temperatures (25 and 35 °C), a wide range of water-filled pore space (WFPS; 15, 30, 60, 90 %), and contrasting oxygen concentrations (1 and 20 %). We found support for the hypothesis that decomposition rates are high at high temperatures, provided that enough moisture and oxygen are available for decomposition. Furthermore, we found that decomposition rates are mostly limited by oxygen concentrations at high moisture levels; even at 90 % WFPS, decomposition proceeded at high rates in the presence of oxygen. Our results suggest an important degree of interaction among temperature, moisture, and oxygen in determining decomposition rates at the soil core scale.

scholarly journals Experimental copper exposure, but not heat stress, leads to elevated intraovarian thyroid hormone levels in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1431-1440
Author(s):  
Ruuskanen Suvi ◽  
Mottola Giovanna ◽  
Anttila Katja
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
High Water ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Copper Exposure ◽  
Fish Model ◽  
Maternal Hormones

Abstract Climate change and pollution are some of the greatest anthropogenic threats to wild animals. Transgenerational plasticity—when parental exposure to environmental stress leads to changes in offspring phenotype—has been highlighted as a potential mechanism to respond to various environmental and anthropogenic changes across taxa. Transgenerational effects may be mediated via multiple mechanisms, such as transfer of maternal hormones to eggs/foetus. However, sources of variation in hormone transfer are poorly understood in fish, and thus the first step is to characterise whether environmental challenges alter transfer of maternal hormones to eggs. To this end, we explored the population variation and environmental variation (in response to temperature and endocrine disrupting copper) in maternal thyroid hormone (TH), transfer to offspring in a common fish model species, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) using multiple approaches: (i) We compared ovarian TH levels among six populations across a wide geographical range in the Baltic Sea, including two populations at high water temperature areas (discharge water areas of nuclear power plants) and we experimentally exposed fish to (ii) environmentally relevant heat stress and (iii) copper for 7 days. We found that populations did not differ in intraovarian TH levels, and short-term heat stress did not influence intraovarian TH levels. However, copper exposure increased both T4 and T3 levels in ovaries. The next step would be to evaluate if such alterations would lead to changes in offspring phenotype.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress on Behavior, Physiological and Blood Parameters of Goat

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Alam ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MR Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Severe Heat Stress

The research was conducted to study the effect of heat stress on behavior, some physiological and blood parameters with nine goats of almost similar in age, sex and weight into three groups. Three groups were divided as zero hour (T0), four hours (T4) and eight hours (T8) heat exposure. Temperature–humidity index (THI) value was calculated as 28.17 which indicate the experimental animals were in extreme severe heat stress. Skin and rectal temperature had no significant differences among the treatment groups but respiration/panting and pulse rate were increased with the increased of heat stress from T0 to T8 group (P<0.01).  Significant difference was found in standing time and lying time (P<0.01) in experimental groups. There were significant changes (P<0.01) in number of urination and defecation per hour but no significant changes was found in duration per urination in heat treated groups. The amount of RBC, PCV%, Hb%, WBC were increased with the increased of heat stress (P<0.01). Neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte numbers increased significantly (P<0.01) in heat treated groups.  It can be concluded that heat stress had significant changes on some behavioral, physiological and blood parameters of goat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16465 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 37 - 45, 2011  

Precipitates in Biomedical Co-Cr-Mo-C-Si-Mn Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Narushima ◽  
Alfirano ◽  
S. Mineta ◽  
Shigenobu Namba ◽  
Takashi Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Carbon Activity ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Stripe Pattern ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Type Carbide

The phase and dissolution behavior of precipitates in biomedical ASTM F75 Co-Cr-Mo-C-Si-Mn alloys were investigated. Alloys of five different compositions, Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.25C-1Si, Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.25C-1Mn, Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.25C-1Si-1Mn, Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.15C-1Si, and Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.35C-1Si, were heat-treated from 1448 to 1548 K. The precipitates observed in the as-cast and heat-treated alloys were carbides (M23C6type, h-phase, and p-phase) and an intermetallic compound (c-phase). The main precipitates observed after heat treatment at high temperatures such as 1548 K were p-phase and M23C6type carbide. At these high temperatures, two types of starlike precipitates—dense and stripe-patterned—were observed. The starlike-dense precipitate was the p-phase, and the starlike precipitate with a stripe pattern was identified as the M23C6type carbide and metallic fcc g-phase. In the alloys heat-treated at 1448 to 1498 K, blocky-dense M23C6type carbide was primarily observed. c-phase was detected in the Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.15C-1Si alloy under as-cast condition and after heat treatment at 1448–1523 K for a short holding time. The addition of Si seemed to increase the holding time for complete precipitate dissolution because of the effects of Si on the promotion of p-phase formation at high temperatures and the increased carbon activity in the metallic matrix.

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress at anthesis on yield formation in winter wheat  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hlaváčová Marcela ◽  
Klem Karel ◽  
Smutná Pavlína ◽  
Škarpa Petr ◽  
Hlavinka Petr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Yield Formation

Heat stress around anthesis is considered to have an increasing impact on wheat yield under the ongoing climate change. However, the effect of high temperatures and their duration on formation of individual yield parameters is still little understood. Within this study, the effect of high temperatures applied during anthesis for 3 and 7 days on yield formation parameters was analysed. The study was conducted in growth chambers under four temperature regimes (daily temperature maxima 26, 32, 35 and 38°C). In the periods preceding and following heat stress regimes the plants were cultivated under ambient weather conditions. The number of grains per spike was reduced under temperatures ≥ 35°C in cv. Bohemia and ≥ 38°C in cv. Tobak. This resulted in a similar response of spike productivity. Thousand grain weight showed no response to temperature regime in cv. Tobak, whereas in cv. Bohemia, a peak response to temperature with maximum at 35°C was observed. The duration of heat stress had only little effect on most yield formation parameters.  

scholarly journals Neural dysfunction at the upper thermal limit in the zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna H. Andreassen ◽  
Petter Hall ◽  
Pouya Khatibzadeh ◽  
Fredrik Jutfelt ◽  
Florence Kermen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Thermal Limit ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Upper Thermal Limit

ABSTRACTUnderstanding animal thermal tolerance is crucial to predict how animals will respond to increasingly warmer temperatures, and to mitigate the impact of the climate change on species survival. Yet, the physiological mechanisms underlying animal thermal tolerance are largely unknown. In this study, we developed a method for measuring upper thermal limit (CTmax) in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) and found that it occurs at similar temperatures as in adult zebrafish. We discovered that CTmax precedes a transient, heat-induced brain-wide depolarization during heat ramping. By monitoring heart rate, we established that cardiac function is sub-optimal during the period where CTmax and brain depolarization occur. In addition, we found that oxygen availability affects both locomotor neural activity and CTmax during a heat stress. The findings of this study suggest that neural impairment due to limited oxygen availability at high temperatures can cause CTmax in zebrafish.HighlightsLarval zebrafish reach their critical thermal limit (CTmax) at similar temperature as adult zebrafishAcute heat stress causes a brain-wide spreading depolarization near the upper thermal limitCTmax precedes brain-wide depolarizationHeart rate declines at high temperatures but is maintained during CTmax and brain depolarizationNeural activity is impaired prior to CTmax and brain-wide depolarizationOxygen availability in the water affects both CTmax and neural activity

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document