scholarly journals Disease-Causing Mutations and Rearrangements in Long Non-coding RNA Gene Loci

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Aznaourova ◽  
Nils Schmerer ◽  
Bernd Schmeck ◽  
Leon N. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Human Diseases ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Lncrna Gene ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Disease Loci ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
And Personalized Medicine ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy

The classic understanding of molecular disease-mechanisms is largely based on protein-centric models. During the past decade however, genetic studies have identified numerous disease-loci in the human genome that do not encode proteins. Such non-coding DNA variants increasingly gain attention in diagnostics and personalized medicine. Of particular interest are long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes, which generate transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins. While most of the estimated ~20,000 lncRNAs currently remain of unknown function, a growing number of genetic studies link lncRNA gene aberrations with the development of human diseases, including diabetes, AIDS, inflammatory bowel disease, or cancer. This suggests that the protein-centric view of human diseases does not capture the full complexity of molecular patho-mechanisms, with important consequences for molecular diagnostics and therapy. This review illustrates well-documented lncRNA gene aberrations causatively linked to human diseases and discusses potential lessons for molecular disease models, diagnostics, and therapy.

Recent Advances on the Semi-Supervised Learning for Long Non-Coding RNA-Protein Interactions Prediction: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
Lin Zhong ◽  
Zhong Ming ◽  
Guobo Xie ◽  
Chunlong Fan ◽  
Xue Piao
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

: In recent years, more and more evidence indicates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a significant role in the development of complex biological processes, especially in RNA progressing, chromatin modification, and cell differentiation, as well as many other processes. Surprisingly, lncRNA has an inseparable relationship with human diseases such as cancer. Therefore, only by knowing more about the function of lncRNA can we better solve the problems of human diseases. However, lncRNAs need to bind to proteins to perform their biomedical functions. So we can reveal the lncRNA function by studying the relationship between lncRNA and protein. But due to the limitations of traditional experiments, researchers often use computational prediction models to predict lncRNA protein interactions. In this review, we summarize several computational models of the lncRNA protein interactions prediction base on semi-supervised learning during the past two years, and introduce their advantages and shortcomings briefly. Finally, the future research directions of lncRNA protein interaction prediction are pointed out.

scholarly journals Beyond the RNA-dependent function of LncRNA genes

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Ali ◽  
Phillip Grote
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Lncrna Gene ◽  
Dependent Function ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Lncrna Locus ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

While long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes have attracted a lot of attention in the last decade, the focus regarding their mechanisms of action has been primarily on the RNA product of these genes. Recent work on several lncRNAs genes demonstrates that not only is the produced RNA species important, but also that transcription of the lncRNA locus alone can have regulatory functions. Like the functions of lncRNA transcripts, the mechanisms that underlie these genome-based functions are varied. Here we highlight some of these examples and provide an outlook on how the functional mechanisms of a lncRNA gene can be determined.

scholarly journals HOTAIR: An Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA in Human Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Tang ◽  
Swei Sunny Hann
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) represent a novel class of noncoding RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides without protein-coding potential and function as novel master regulators in various human diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence shows that lncRNAs are dysregulated and implicated in various aspects of cellular homeostasis, such as proliferation, apoptosis, mobility, invasion, metastasis, chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and post-transcriptional processing. However, the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate various biological functions in human diseases have yet to be determined. HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a recently discovered lncRNA and plays a critical role in various areas of cancer, such as proliferation, survival, migration, drug resistance, and genomic stability. In this review, we briefly introduce the concept, identification, and biological functions of HOTAIR. We then describe the involvement of HOTAIR that has been associated with tumorigenesis, growth, invasion, cancer stem cell differentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance in cancer. We also discuss emerging insights into the role of HOTAIR as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for novel treatment paradigms in cancer.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNA in the Pathogenesis of Cancers

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi ◽  
Wang ◽  
Wang ◽  
Yu ◽  
Yang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

The incidence and mortality rate of cancer has been quickly increasing in the past decades. At present, cancer has become the leading cause of death worldwide. Most of the cancers cannot be effectively diagnosed at the early stage. Although there are multiple therapeutic treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drugs, their effectiveness is still limited. The overall survival rate of malignant cancers is still low. It is necessary to further study the mechanisms for malignant cancers, and explore new biomarkers and targets that are more sensitive and effective for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancers than traditional biomarkers and methods. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA transcripts with a length greater than 200 nucleotides. Generally, lncRNAs are not capable of encoding proteins or peptides. LncRNAs exert diverse biological functions by regulating gene expressions and functions at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. In the past decade, it has been demonstrated that the dysregulated lncRNA profile is widely involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, lncRNAs have been revealed to play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. Many lncRNAs have been shown to be potential biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. This review aims to briefly discuss the latest findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of some important lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of certain malignant cancers, including lung, breast, liver, and colorectal cancers, as well as hematological malignancies and neuroblastoma.

scholarly journals Role of the Long Non-Coding RNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 in Glucocorticoid Response in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Lucafò ◽  
Alessia Di Silvestre ◽  
Maurizio Romano ◽  
Alice Avian ◽  
Roberta Antonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Growth Arrest ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

scholarly journals Targeted genomic screen reveals focal long non-coding RNA copy number alterations in cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter-Jan Volders ◽  
Jo Vandesompele ◽  
Steve Lefever ◽  
Shalina Baute ◽  
Justine Nuytens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Microarray Platform ◽  
Copy Number Alterations ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Lncrna Gene ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

AbstractThe landscape of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) affecting long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human cancer remains largely unexplored. While the majority of lncRNAs remains to be functionally characterized, several have been implicated in cancer development and metastasis. Considering the plethora of lncRNAs genes that is currently reported, it is conceivable that several lncRNAs might function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes.We devised a strategy to detect focal lncRNA SCNAs using a custom DNA microarray platform probing 20 418 lncRNA genes. By screening a panel of 80 cancer cell lines, we detected numerous focal aberrations targeting one or multiple lncRNAs without affecting neighboring protein-coding genes. These focal aberrations are highly suggestive for a tumor suppressive or oncogenic role of the targeted lncRNA gene. Although functional validation remains an essential step in the further characterization of the involved candidate cancer lncRNAs, our results provide a direct way of prioritizing candidate lncRNAs involved in cancer pathogenesis.

CDKN2B-AS1: An Indispensable Long Non-coding RNA in Multiple Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (41) ◽  
pp. 5335-5346
Author(s):  
Chaoying Song ◽  
Yuying Qi ◽  
Jiali Zhang ◽  
Chong Guo ◽  
Chengfu Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Background: In view of the roles of long non-coding RNA CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2BAS1) in various human diseases, we investigated the function of CDKN2B-AS1 and explored its therapeutic and prognostic target value in multiple biological processes. The aim of this review was to explore the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of CDKN2B-AS1 in various types of diseases. Materials and Methods: In this review, the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 in a variety of pathophysiological processes were summarized and analyzed. The correlated studies were collected via a systematic search of PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and ScienceDirect. Results: CDKN2B-AS1 is a potential long non-coding RNA that has been shown to be aberrantly expressed in various malignancies, containing hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, colonic adenocarcinoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, glioma, lung cancer, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma, involving in the processes of tumor cells proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibition of tumor cells apoptosis. Besides, CDKN2B-AS1 has been proved implicated in numerous non-malignant diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, endometriosis, inflammatory bowel disease, intracranial aneurysm, diabetes mellitus and its complications, primary open angle glaucoma, ischemic stroke, atherosclerosis, coronary artery diseases, hypertension and heart failure, participating in the procession of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation regulation. Conclusions: Long non-coding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 likely serves as a promising therapeutic target or prognosis biomarker in multiple human diseases.

scholarly journals Functions of long non-coding RNAs in human disease and their conservation in Drosophila development

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver M. Rogoyski ◽  
Jose Ignacio Pueyo ◽  
Juan Pablo Couso ◽  
Sarah F. Newbury
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Drosophila Development ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Genomic analysis has found that the transcriptome in both humans and Drosophila melanogaster features large numbers of long non-coding RNA transcripts (lncRNAs). This recently discovered class of RNAs regulates gene expression in diverse ways and has been involved in a large variety of important biological functions. Importantly, an increasing number of lncRNAs have also been associated with a range of human diseases, including cancer. Comparative analyses of their functions among these organisms suggest that some of their modes of action appear to be conserved. This highlights the importance of model organisms such as Drosophila, which shares many gene regulatory networks with humans, in understanding lncRNA function and its possible impact in human health. This review discusses some known functions and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs and their implication in human diseases, together with their functional conservation and relevance in Drosophila development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document