scholarly journals Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of the Cation/Ca2+ Exchanger (CCX) Gene Family: Overexpression of SlCCX1-LIKE Regulates the Leaf Senescence in Tomato Flowering Phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Li ◽  
Yaran Zhao ◽  
Chenliang Chang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Base Mechanism ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Profiling Analysis

Cation gradients in plant cellular compartments are maintained by the synergistic actions of various ion exchangers, pumps, and channels. Cation/Ca2+ exchanger (CCX) is one of the clades of the Ca2+/cation antiporter super family. Here, five SlCCX genes were identified in tomato. Sequence analysis indicated that SlCCXs have the conserved motifs as the CCX domain. Analysis of the expression level of each member of tomato CCX gene family under cation (Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, and Ca2+) treatment was determined by qRT-PCR. Tomato CCX demonstrated different degrees of responding to cation treatment. Changes in SlCCX1-LIKE expression was induced by Mg2+ and Mn2+ treatment. Analysis of the expression of SlCCX genes in different tissues demonstrated that constitutive high expression of a few genes, including SlCCX1-LIKE and SlCCX5, indicated their role in tomato organ growth and development. Overexpression of SlCCX1-LIKE dramatically induced leaf senescence. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes related to ROS and several IAA signaling pathways were significantly downregulated, whereas ETH and ABA signaling pathway-related genes were upregulated in overexpression of SlCCX1-LIKE (OE-SlCCX1-LIKE) plants, compared with the wild type (WT). Moreover, overexpression of SlCCX1-LIKE plants accumulated more ROS content but less Mg2+ content. Collectively, the findings of this study provide insights into the base mechanism through which CCXs regulate leaf senescence in tomato.

scholarly journals CbPLDγ gene from Chorispora bungeana: Gene cloning, characterization, expression, and expression analysis in drought

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yang ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Pengjun Yang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yaping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Subcellular Localisation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Chorispora Bungeana ◽  
Vector Construction

Abstract Background: Chorispora bungeana (C. bungeana) is a typical subnival alpine species, which shows high tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Phospholipase D (PLD) is a crucial enzyme participated in membrane phospholipid catabolism. In this study, to explore the function of CbPLDγ in drought stress, we cloned and characterized a CbPLDγ gene, which is a part of CbPLD gene family and from C. bungeana.Methods: Use the gateway method for vector construction, using DNAstar software, PCR machine, centrifuge, pipette, electrophoresis, gel imaging system, spectrophotometer, confocal microscope, etc. Spss, Orgin software for statistical analysis.Results: The CbPLDγ gene encodes 859 amino acids containing "FIYIENQYF" domain and two HKD domains. Bioinformatics analyses showed that the CbPLDγ is highly homologous with PLDs from other plant species. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Beta-glucuronidase (GUS) assay showed that CbPLDγ was accumulated dominantly in roots and stems. Compered with the control, the expression pattern of the CbPLDγ mRNA is in response to low temperature, salt, mannitol, and exogenous ABA have up-regulated. Subcellular localisation analysis showed that the CbPLDγ was localized in the cell membrane. Compared with wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, CbPLDγ gene overexpression plants showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, and lower levels of malonidiadehyde content and electrolyte leakage under drought stress.Conclusions: In this study, novel PLDγ gene was amplification from C. bungeana and was called CbPLDγ. These confirmed that CbPLDγ involved in the response to drought stress, and has the potential to improve the drought tolerance of plants. This is the first report about cloning and characterizing the gene of CbPLDγ from C. bungeana. It laid a foundation for further research and improvement of the PLD gene family of C. bungeana.

scholarly journals Low ABA concentration promotes root growth and hydrotropism through relief of ABA INSENSITIVE 1-mediated inhibition of plasma membrane H+-ATPase 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. eabd4113
Author(s):  
Rui Miao ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Irene Garcia-Maquilon ◽  
Xiaolin Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Quadruple Mutant ◽  
Aba Insensitive ◽  
Aba Receptors

The hab1-1abi1-2abi2-2pp2ca-1 quadruple mutant (Qabi2-2) seedlings lacking key negative regulators of ABA signaling, namely, clade A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs), show more apoplastic H+ efflux in roots and display an enhanced root growth under normal medium or water stress medium compared to the wild type. The presence of low ABA concentration (0.1 micromolar), inhibiting PP2C activity via monomeric ABA receptors, enhances root apoplastic H+ efflux and growth of the wild type, resembling the Qabi2-2 phenotype in normal medium. Qabi2-2 seedlings also demonstrate increased hydrotropism compared to the wild type in obliquely-oriented hydrotropic experimental system, and asymmetric H+ efflux in root elongation zone is crucial for root hydrotropism. Moreover, we reveal that Arabidopsis ABA-insensitive 1, a key PP2C in ABA signaling, interacts directly with the C terminus of Arabidopsis plasma membrane H+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase 2 (AHA2) and dephosphorylates its penultimate threonine residue (Thr947), whose dephosphorylation negatively regulates AHA2.

scholarly journals A Screen for Genes That Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nambara ◽  
Masaharu Suzuki ◽  
Suzanne Abrams ◽  
Donald R McCarty ◽  
Yuji Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Aba Insensitive

Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls many aspects of plant growth and development under a diverse range of environmental conditions. To identify genes functioning in ABA signaling, we have carried out a screen for mutants that takes advantage of the ability of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds to respond to (−)-(R)-ABA, an enantiomer of the natural (+)-(S)-ABA. The premise of the screen was to identify mutations that preferentially alter their germination response in the presence of one stereoisomer vs. the other. Twenty-six mutants were identified and genetic analysis on 23 lines defines two new loci, designated CHOTTO1 and CHOTTO2, and a collection of new mutant alleles of the ABA-insensitive genes, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. The abi5 alleles are less sensitive to (+)-ABA than to (−)-ABA. In contrast, the abi3 alleles exhibit a variety of differences in response to the ABA isomers. Genetic and molecular analysis of these alleles suggests that the ABI3 transcription factor may perceive multiple ABA signals.

Identification of Arabidopsis stay-green mutants with a functional ethylene-response pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
R. Shirzadian-Khorramabad ◽  
H.C. Jing ◽  
J. Hille ◽  
P.P. Dijkwel
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Determinant Factor

Natural or harvest-induced senescence is a major determinant factor causing crop losses. The plant hormone ethylene is a strong inducer of senescence and decreasing the ethylene response can reduce senescence, albeit often with undesirable pleiotropic effects. We took advantage of ethylene-induced leaf senescence as a tool to screen for late senescence Arabidopsis mutants that still have a functional ethylenesignalling pathway. Sixteen Arabidopsis onset of leaf death (old) mutants were selected that stayed green after treatment with ethylene. While all the mutants responded to ethylene in a triple response assay, ten mutants responded to the treatment in the same way as the wild type. These ten mutants showed limited pleiotropic effects when grown under standard growth conditions but nine mutants flowered slightly later than the wild type. Genetic characterisation of a subset of the mutants identified several independent loci controlling the leaf senescence process. The approach resulted in the isolation of several stay-green mutants with a functional ethylene response pathway. The late senescence mutants show extended leaf longevity and further research may advance the field of pre- or post-harvest senescence technology. The results, moreover, suggest that there is a correlation between senescence and floral induction. Keywords: Senescence, Arabidopsis, ethylene, mutant, shelf life

scholarly journals Differential expression of five tRNA(UAGTrp) amber suppressors in Caenorhabditis elegans.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3627-3635 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kondo ◽  
J Hodgkin ◽  
R H Waterston
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Base Change ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Single Base Change ◽  
The Individual

Caenorhabditis elegans has 12 tRNA(UGGTrp) genes as defined by Southern analysis. In order to evaluate the function of the individual members of this multigene family, we sought to recover amber (UAG)-suppressing mutations from reversion experiments with animals carrying amber mutations in a nervous system-affecting gene (unc-13) or a sex-determining gene (tra-3). Revertants were analyzed by Southern blot, exploiting the fact that the CCA to CTA change at the anticodon creates a new XbaI site. Five different members of the tRNATrp gene family were identified as suppressors: sup-7 X, sup-5 III, sup-24 IV, sup-28 X, and sup-29 IV. All five suppressor genes were sequenced and found to encode identical tRNA(UAGTrp) molecules with a single base change (CCA to CTA) at the anticodon compared with their wild-type counterparts. The flanking sequences had only limited homology. The relative expression of these five genes was determined by measuring the efficiencies of suppressers against amber mutations in genes affecting the nervous system, hypodermis, muscle, and sex determination. The results of these cross-suppression tests showed that the five members of the tRNA(Trp) gene family were differentially regulated in a tissue- or development stage-specific manner.

Expression of the Apx gene family during leaf senescence of Arabidopsis thaliana

Planta ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 222 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina I. Panchuk ◽  
Ulrike Zentgraf ◽  
Roman A. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Leaf Senescence

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of GA2ox, GA3ox, and GA20ox Are Related to Gibberellin Oxidase Genes in Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.)

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
He ◽  
Liang ◽  
Lu ◽  
Wang ◽  
Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Grape Genome

Gibberellin (GAs) plays the important role in the regulation of grape developmental and growth processes. The bioinformatics analysis confirmed the differential expression of GA2, GA3, and GA20 gibberellin oxidase genes (VvGA2oxs, VvGA3oxs, and VvGA20oxs) in the grape genome, and laid a theoretical basis for exploring its role in grape. Based on the Arabidopsis GA2oxs, GA3oxs, and GA20oxs genes already reported, the VvGA2oxs, VvGA3oxs, and VvGA20oxs genes in the grape genome were identified using the BLAST software in the grape genome database. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using software such as DNAMAN v.5.0, Clustalx, MapGene2Chrom, MEME, GSDS v.2.0, ExPASy, DNAsp v.5.0, and MEGA v.7.0. Chip expression profiles were generated using grape Affymetrix GeneChip 16K and Grape eFP Browser gene chip data in PLEXdb. The expression of VvGA2oxs, VvGA3oxs, and VvGA20oxs gene families in stress was examined by qRT-PCR (Quantitative real-time-PCR). There are 24 GAoxs genes identified with the grape genome that can be classified into seven subgroups based on a phylogenetic tree, gene structures, and conserved Motifs in our research. The gene family has higher codon preference, while selectivity is negative selection of codon bias and selective stress was analyzed. The expression profiles indicated that the most of VvGAox genes were highly expressed under different time lengths of ABA (Abscisic Acid) treatment, NaCl, PEG and 5 °C. Tissue expression analysis showed that the expression levels of VvGA2oxs and VvGA20oxs in different tissues at different developmental stages of grapes were relatively higher than that of VvGA3oxs. Last but not least, qRT-PCR (Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR) was used to determine the relative expression of the GAoxs gene family under the treatment of GA3 (gibberellin 3) and uniconazole, which can find that some VvGA2oxs was upregulated under GA3 treatment. Simultaneously, some VvGA3oxs and VvGA20oxs were upregulated under uniconazole treatment. In a nutshell, the GA2ox gene mainly functions to inactivate biologically active GAs, while GA20ox mainly degrades C20 gibberellins, and GA3ox is mainly composed of biologically active GAs. The comprehensive analysis of the three classes of VvGAoxs would provide a basis for understanding the evolution and function of the VvGAox gene family in a grape plant.

LuxS modulates motility and secretion of extracellular protease in fish pathogen Vibrio harveyi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yaqiu Zhang ◽  
Yiqing Deng ◽  
Juan Feng ◽  
Jianmei Hu ◽  
Haoxiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Extracellular Protease ◽  
Fish Pathogen ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Luxs Mutant

In this study, an in-frame deletion of the luxS gene was constructed to reveal the role of LuxS in the physiology and virulence of V. harveyi. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the growth ability, biofilm formation, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence by intraperitoneal injection, and the ability of V. harveyi to colonize the spleen and liver of the pearl gentian grouper between the wild-type (WT) and the luxS mutant. However, the deletion of luxS decreased the secretion of extracellular protease, while increased the ability of swimming and swarming. Simultaneously, a luxS-deleted mutant showed overproduction of lateral flagella, and an intact luxS complemented the defect. Since motility is flagella dependent, 16 of V. harveyi flagella biogenesis related genes were selected for further analysis. Based on quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), the expression levels of these genes, including the polar flagella genes flaB, flhA, flhF, flhB, flhF, fliS, and flrA and the lateral flagella genes flgA, flgB, fliE, fliF, lafA, lafK, and motY, were significantly up-regulated in the ΔluxS: pMMB207 (ΔluxS+) strain as compared with the V. harveyi 345: pMMB207 (WT+) and C-ΔluxS strains during the early, mid-exponential, and stationary growth phase.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Dark-Induced Senescence in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Jibiao Fan ◽  
Yanhong Lou ◽  
Haiyan Shi ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Liwen Cao
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Leaf senescence induced by prolonged light deficiency is inevitable whenever turfgrass is cultivated in forests, and this negatively influences the survival and aesthetic quality of the turfgrass. However, the mechanism underlying dark-induced senescence in turfgrass remained obscure. In this study, RNA sequencing was performed to analyze how genes were regulated in response to dark-induced leaf senescence in bermudagrass. A total of 159,207 unigenes were obtained with a mean length of 948 bp. The differential expression analysis showed that a total of 59,062 genes, including 52,382 up-regulated genes and 6680 down-regulated genes were found to be differentially expressed between control leaves and senescent leaves induced by darkness. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly related to plant hormone (ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, and brassinosteroid) signal transduction, N-glycan biosynthesis, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, transcription factors, such as WRKY, NAC, HSF, and bHLH families were also responsive to dark-induced leaf senescence in bermudagrass. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis of six randomly selected DEGs validated the accuracy of sequencing results. Taken together, our results provide basic information of how genes respond to darkness, and contribute to the understanding of comprehensive mechanisms of dark-induced leaf senescence in turfgrass.

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