scholarly journals Translational and Clinical Applications of Dental Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zizhao Mai ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
Yu Ye ◽  
Ziyu Hu ◽  
Wenjuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Apical Papilla ◽  
Dental Stem Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells in tissue repair and regeneration due to their featured properties of self-renewal and multipotency. However, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that MSCs exert biological functions mainly through secreting exosomes. Exosomes, which contain RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, are new players in regulating many fundamental processes and play important roles in regenerative medicine. Exosomes not only mimic the effects of their parent cells but also possess many advantages such as high drug loading capacity, low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and low side effects. Currently, a total of 6 different dental stem cells (DSCs) including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been isolated and identified. DSC-derived exosomes (DSC-Exos) are actively involved in intercellular communication, anti-inflammation, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, nurturing neurons, and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. In this review, we will critically review the emerging role and clinical application potential of DSC-Exos.

scholarly journals Dental Tissue — New Source for Stem Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1167-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Petrovic ◽  
Vladisav Stefanovic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Apical Papilla ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Dental Stem Cell

Stem cells have been isolated from many tissues and organs, including dental tissue. Five types of dental stem cells have been established: dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, periodontal ligament stem cells, and dental follicle progenitor cells. The main characteristics of dental stem cells are their potential for multilineage differentiation and self-renewal capacity. Dental stem cells can differentiate into odontoblasts, adipocytes, neuronal-like cells, glial cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, melanocytes, myotubes, and endothelial cells. Possible application of these cells in various fields of medicine makes them good candidates for future research as a new, powerful tool for therapy. Although the possible use of these cells in therapeutic purposes and tooth tissue engineering is still in the beginning stages, the results are promising. The efforts made in the research of dental stem cells have clarified many mechanisms underlying the biological processes in which these cells are involved. This review will focus on the new findings in the field of dental stem cell research and on their potential use in the therapy of various disorders.

scholarly journals Dental Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Neha Vashisht ◽  
Divy Vashisht
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Tooth Regeneration ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Tissues

While the regeneration of a lost tissue is known to mankind for several years, it is only in the recent past that research on regenerative medicine/dentistry has gained momentum and eluded the dramatic yet scientific advancements in the field of molecular biology. The growing understanding of biological concepts in the regeneration of oral/dental tissues coupled with experiments on stem cells is likely to result in a paradigm shift in the therapeutic armamentarium of dental and oral diseases culminating in an intense search for “biological solutions to biological problems.” Stem cells have been successfully isolated from variety of human tissues including orofacial tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells which differentiate into a variety of cell types. The potential MSCs for tooth regeneration mainly include stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from apical part of the papilla (SCAPs), stem cells from the dental follicle (DFSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This review article outlines the recent progress in mesenchymal stem cells used in tooth regeneration.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells in periodontics: new perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Rabelo AMORIM ◽  
Enilson Antonio SALLUM ◽  
Marcio Zaffalon CASATI ◽  
Karina Gonzales Silverio RUIZ ◽  
Renato Correa Viana CASARIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Apical Papilla

ABSTRACT Tissue engineering is a contemporary field of science, which aims to create conditions based on principles of cell and molecular biology, bioengineering and biomaterials to regenerate tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells present high proliferation rates and are able to differentiate into multilineages under certain conditions, suggesting that they have great potential to act in regeneration field. Tooth derived stem cells are a suitable alternative source of mesenchymal cells once they are easily accessible and have poor morbidity to the donor. Studies showed that they have been isolated and characterized from diverse tissues such as dental pulp, exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, gingiva, dental follicle and apical papilla. However studies show that there is heterogeneity among these populations and there is no standard method to select the most appropriate tooth derived stem cells for regenerative procedures. The aim of this review is to present the current perspective of the multiple types of tooth-derived stem cells and to discuss the basis for their use in periodontal tissue engineering.

scholarly journals The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals The role of dental stem cells in regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Angela Maxim ◽  
Olga Soritau ◽  
Mihaela Baciut ◽  
Simion Bran ◽  
Grigore Baciut
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
High Proliferation Rate ◽  
Apical Papilla ◽  
Multiple Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that have the capacity of rising multiple cell types.A rich source of mesenchymal stem cells is represented by the dental tissues: the periodontal ligament, the dental pulp, the apical papilla, the dental follicle and the deciduous teeth.The aim of this review is to characterize the main dental- derived mesenchymal stem cell population, and to show their important role in tissue regeneration based on their properties : the multi-potency, the high proliferation rate, the differentiation in multiple cell lineages, the high cell viability and the positive expression for mesenchymal cell markers.Tissue regeneration or de novo' formation of craniofacial structures is the future of regenerative medicine, offering a solution for congenital malformations, traumas and other diseases. 

scholarly journals SHED Aggregate Derived Exosomes-shuttled miR-222 Promotes the Regenerative Properties of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Wanmin Zhao ◽  
Xiaoning He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Mirna Sequencing

Abstract Background: Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) aggregate is still limited in clinical application for lack of angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of exosomes derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) aggregate (SA-Exo) on the aggregate formation and angiogenic properties of PDLSCs.Methods: SA-Exo were isolated by ultracentrifugation. The effect of SA-Exo on the aggregate formation and angiogenic differentiation of PDLSCs were evaluated by investigating extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and tube formation assay. MicroRNA (miRNA) sequencing was employed to screen different miRNA expression. The effect of targeting miRNA on ECM deposition and angiogenesis of PDLSCs aggregate was investigated after overexpression and inhibition of miRNA. Periodontal bone defect rat models were established to evaluate the effect of the PDLSCs aggregate and SA-Exo combination on periodontal bone regeneration. Results: SA-Exo could significantly enhance the ECM deposition and angiogenic ability of PDLSCs. The expression of ECM-associated proteins (COL-I, integrinβ1, and fibronectin), angiogenesis-related proteins (PDGF, ANG, TGFβRII), and related pathway (p-SMAD1/5 and p-SMAD2/3) were upregulated in PDLSCs aggregate with SA-Exo. Mechanistically, miR-222 was found relatively abundant in SA-Exo, which promoted ECM deposition and angiogenesis of PDLSCs. In vivo experiment further validated that combinational use of PDLSCs aggregate and SA-Exo promote more bone formation and neovascularization in rat’s periodontal bone defect.Conclusions: SA-Exo-shuttled miR-222 contributes to PDLSCs aggregate engineering by promoting aggregate formation and angiogenesis, which might through activate the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway.

scholarly journals The Comparison of the Immunologic Properties of Stem Cells Isolated from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth, Dental Pulp, and Dental Follicles

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selin Yildirim ◽  
Noushin Zibandeh ◽  
Deniz Genc ◽  
Elif Merve Ozcan ◽  
Kamil Goker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Aim. To compare the effects of various mesenchymal stem cells, those isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Method. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from three sources in the orofacial region. Characterization and PCR analyses were performed. Lymphocytes were isolated from healthy peripheral venous blood. Lymphocytes were cocultured with stem cells in the presence and absence of IFN-γand stimulated with anti-CD2, anti-CD3, and anti-CD28 for 3 days. Then, lymphocyte proliferation, the number of CD4+FoxP3+T regulatory cells, and the levels of Fas/Fas ligand, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γin the culture supernatant were measured.Results. The DFSCs exhibited an enhanced differentiation capacity and an increased number of CD4+FoxP3+T lymphocytes and suppressed the proliferation and apoptosis of PBMCs compared with SHEDs and DPSCs. The addition of IFN-γaugmented the proliferation of DFSCs. Furthermore, the DFSCs suppressed IL-4 and IFN-γcytokine levels and enhanced IL-10 levels compared with the other cell sources.Conclusion. These results suggest that IFN-γstimulates DFSCs by inducing an immunomodulatory effect on the PBMCs of healthy donors while suppressing apoptosis and proliferation and increasing the number of CD4+FoxP3+cells.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Biological Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow and Skin

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Liu ◽  
Wenjuan Chang ◽  
Hong Wei ◽  
Kaiming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit high proliferation and self-renewal capabilities and are critical for tissue repair and regeneration during ontogenesis. They also play a role in immunomodulation. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues and have many potential applications in the clinical setting. However, MSCs of different origins may possess different biological characteristics. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparison of MSCs isolated from bone marrow and skin (BMMSCs and SMSCs, resp.), including analysis of the skin sampling area, separation method, culture conditions, primary and passage culture times, cell surface markers, multipotency, cytokine secretion, gene expression, and fibroblast-like features. The results showed that the MSCs from both sources had similar cell morphologies, surface markers, and differentiation capacities. However, the two cell types exhibited major differences in growth characteristics; the primary culture time of BMMSCs was significantly shorter than that of SMSCs, whereas the growth rate of BMMSCs was lower than that of SMSCs after passaging. Moreover, differences in gene expression and cytokine secretion profiles were observed. For example, secretion of proliferative cytokines was significantly higher for SMSCs than for BMMSCs. Our findings provide insights into the different biological functions of both cell types.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document