scholarly journals Milestones in Personalized Medicine in Pemphigus and Pemphigoid

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Bieber ◽  
Khalaf Kridin ◽  
Shirin Emtenani ◽  
Katharina Boch ◽  
Enno Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Autoimmune Bullous Diseases ◽  
Car T ◽  
Bullous Diseases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Autoimmune Pathogenesis

Pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases are autoimmune bullous diseases characterized and caused by autoantibodies targeting adhesion molecules in the skin and/or mucous membranes. Personalized medicine is a new medical model that separates patients into different groups and aims to tailor medical decisions, practices, and interventions based on the individual patient`s predicted response or risk factors. An important milestone in personalized medicine in pemphigus and pemphigoid was achieved by verifying the autoimmune pathogenesis underlying these diseases, as well as by identifying and cloning several pemphigus/pemphigoid autoantigens. The latter has become the basis of the current, molecular-based diagnosis that allows the differentiation of about a dozen pemphigus and pemphigoid entities. The importance of autoantigen-identification in pemphigus/pemphigoid is further highlighted by the emergence of autoantigen-specific B cell depleting strategies. To achieve this goal, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell technology, which is used for the treatment of certain hematological malignancies, was adopted, by generating chimeric autoantigen receptor (CAAR) T cells. In addition to these more basic science-driven milestones in personalized medicine in pemphigus and pemphigoid, careful clinical observation and epidemiology are again contributing to personalized medicine. The identification of clearly distinct clinical phenotypes in pemphigoid like the non-inflammatory and gliptin-associated bullous pemphigoid embodies a prominent instance of the latter. We here review these exciting developments in basic, translational, clinical, and epidemiological research in pemphigus and pemphigoid. Overall, we hereby aim to attract more researchers and clinicians to this highly interesting and dynamic field of research.

scholarly journals Personalised Medicine in Modern Era

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Movafagh
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Stratified Medicine ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modern Era

Personalised Medicine is a medical procedure that separates patients into different groups-with medical decisions, practices, interventions and/or products being tailored to the individual patient based on their predicted response or risk of disease. The terms personalized medicine, precision medicine, stratified medicine are used interchangeably to describe this concept.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells immunotherapy: challenges and opportunities in hematological malignancies

Immunotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 1341-1357
Author(s):  
Nashwa El-Khazragy ◽  
Sherief Ghozy ◽  
Passant Emad ◽  
Mariam Mourad ◽  
Diaaeldeen Razza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Taking advantage of the cellular immune system is the mainstay of the adoptive cell therapy, to induce recognition and destruction of cancer cells. The impressive demonstration of this principle is chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T)-cell therapy, which had a major impact on treating relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies. Despite the great results of the CAR-T-cell therapy, many tumors are still able to avoid immune detection and further elimination, as well as the possible associated adverse events. Herein, we highlighted the recent advances in CAR-T-cell therapy, discussing their applications beneficial functions and side effects in hematological malignancies, illustrating the underlying challenges and opportunities. Furthermore, we provide an overview to overcome different obstacles using potential manufacture and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals CAR-NK Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5899
Author(s):  
Ewa Wrona ◽  
Maciej Borowiec ◽  
Piotr Potemski
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Hematological Neoplasms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Car T ◽  
The Cost

CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T) cells have emerged as a milestone in the treatment of patients with refractory B-cell neoplasms. However, despite having unprecedented efficacy against hematological malignancies, the treatment is far from flawless. Its greatest drawbacks arise from a challenging and expensive production process, strict patient eligibility criteria and serious toxicity profile. One possible solution, supported by robust research, is the replacement of T lymphocytes with NK cells for CAR expression. NK cells seem to be an attractive vehicle for CAR expression as they can be derived from multiple sources and safely infused regardless of donor–patient matching, which greatly reduces the cost of the treatment. CAR-NK cells are known to be effective against hematological malignancies, and a growing number of preclinical findings indicate that they have activity against non-hematological neoplasms. Here, we present a thorough overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the use of CAR-NK cells in treating various solid tumors.

scholarly journals Novel agents and regimens for hematological malignancies: recent updates from 2020 ASH annual meeting

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Zhou Hou ◽  
Jing Christine Ye ◽  
Jeffrey J. Pu ◽  
Hongtao Liu ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Novel Agents ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Car T ◽  
Bruton Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Engineered T Cells ◽  
American Society

AbstractAntibodies and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells (CAR-T) are increasingly used for cancer immunotherapy. Small molecule inhibitors targeting cellular oncoproteins and enzymes such as BCR-ABL, JAK2, Bruton tyrosine kinase, FLT3, BCL-2, IDH1, IDH2, are biomarker-driven chemotherapy-free agents approved for several major hematological malignancies. LOXO-305, asciminib, “off-the-shelf” universal CAR-T cells and BCMA-directed immunotherapeutics as well as data from clinical trials on many novel agents and regimens were updated at the 2020 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting. Major developments and updates for the therapy of hematological malignancies were delineated at the recent Winter Symposium and New York Oncology Forum from the Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON.org). This study summarized the latest updates on novel agents and regimens for hematological malignancies from the 2020 ASH annual meeting.

scholarly journals Current Perspectives on the Use of off the Shelf CAR-T/NK Cells for the Treatment of Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1926
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Cutmore ◽  
John F. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Car T ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
The Individual

CAR T cells have revolutionised the treatment of haematological malignancies. Despite this, several obstacles still prohibit their widespread use and efficacy. One of these barriers is the use of autologous T cells as the carrier of the CAR. The individual production of CAR T cells results in large variation in the product, greater wait times for treatment and higher costs. To overcome this several novel approaches have emerged that utilise allogeneic cells, so called “off the shelf” CAR T cells. In this Review, we describe the different approaches that have been used to produce allogeneic CAR T to date, as well as their current pre-clinical and clinical progress.

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