scholarly journals Epidemiology of Pregnancy Complications Through the Lens of Immunological Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Gregory ◽  
James Liu ◽  
Hilary Miller-Handley ◽  
Jeremy M. Kinder ◽  
Sing Sing Way
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Short Commentary ◽  
Biomedical Community ◽  
Developmental Windows

In the fifteen minutes it takes to read this short commentary, more than 400 babies will have been born too early, another 300 expecting mothers will develop preeclampsia, and 75 unborn third trimester fetuses will have died in utero (stillbirth). Given the lack of meaningful progress in understanding the physiological changes that occur to allow a healthy, full term pregnancy, it is perhaps not surprising that effective therapies against these great obstetrical syndromes that include prematurity, preeclampsia, and stillbirth remain elusive. Meanwhile, pregnancy complications remain the leading cause of infant and childhood mortality under age five. Does it have to be this way? What more can we collectively, as a biomedical community, or individually, as clinicians who care for women and newborn babies at high risk for pregnancy complications, do to protect individuals in these extremely vulnerable developmental windows? The problem of pregnancy complications and neonatal mortality is extraordinarily complex, with multiple unique, but complementary perspectives from scientific, epidemiological and public health viewpoints. Herein, we discuss the epidemiology of pregnancy complications, focusing on how the outcome of prior pregnancy impacts the risk of complication in the next pregnancy — and how the fundamental immunological principle of memory may promote this adaptive response.

Alterations of Circulating Biomarkers During Late Term Pregnancy Complications in the Horse Part I: Cytokines

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 103425
Author(s):  
C.E. Fedorka ◽  
B.A. Ball ◽  
O.F. Walker ◽  
M.E. McCormick ◽  
K.E. Scoggin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Term Pregnancy

Deoxyribonuclease activity negative correlates with extracellular DNA in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies in the third trimester

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Vlková ◽  
Ľubica Janovičová ◽  
Petra Pšenková ◽  
Lívia Melníková ◽  
Barbora Balažovjechová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Dnase Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Mitochondrial Origin ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Abstract Objectives It is not clear, which factors affect extracellular DNA (ecDNA) concentrations in healthy women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies, although deoxyribonucleases (DNases) are hypothesized to be responsible for the cleavage of plasma ecDNA. The aim of this study was to analyze potential determinants of total ecDNA including plasma DNase activity. Methods Plasma samples were collected from 48 healthy women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies in the third trimester (gestation week 37). DNA was isolated and quantified using fluorometry and real time PCR. DNase activity was assessed using the single radial enzyme-diffusion method. Results Neither ecDNA, nor DNase activity were affected by maternal age or BMI. DNase activity negatively correlated with total plasma ecDNA (r=−0.40, p=0.007). Similar associations were found for ecDNA of nuclear and mitochondrial origin, but not with fetal DNA quantified using Y-targeted PCR in male fetus-bearing pregnancies. Conclusions The role of plasma ecDNA of fetal and maternal origin is studied in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-complications. The results indicate that plasma DNase activity could negatively regulate ecDNA concentrations and should, thus, be analyzed in preeclampsia, preterm birth and other ecDNA-related pregnancy complications.

Pregnancy changes and early pregnancy complications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stergios K. Doumouchtsis ◽  
S. Arulkumaran ◽  
S. Arulkumaran ◽  
Edwin Chandraharan ◽  
Christina Coroyannakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Changes In Pregnancy ◽  
Physiological Changes In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

This chapter discusses pregnancy changes and early pregnancy complications. It includes physiological changes in pregnancy (cardiovascular, haematological, respiratory, renal and urinary tract, and metabolic changes), gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), and nausea and vomiting.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN UMUR KEHAMILAN DENGAN STATUS KESEHATAN GINGIVA PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS ANDALAS KECAMATAN PADANG TIMUR

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Kinanti Fauzin ◽  
Hafni Bachtiar ◽  
Susi Susi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues inoral cavity that invade the free gingival. There are two kinds of etiologies that can cause gingivitis, they are plaque and non-plaque. Pregnant women will have some maternal physiological changes during pregnancy, one of them is the increasing of estrogen and progesterone. It will cause the gingival tissue to react to irritant such as plaque excessively. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gestational age and gingival index in pregnant women. This analytic correlation research used cross sectional approach. The gestational age were observed from Mom’s and Kid’s Health Book. The Gingival Index was observed by using Loe and Silness index to each pregnant woman’s oral cavity. Data was analysed by using Chi –square. The study took place in Andalas Public Health Center, from 16th  February 2-15 until 26th  February 2015. Most of the pregnant women had mild gingivitis, no pregnant women were found with healthy gingiva or severe gingivitis. The result showed that there was no significantly relationship between gestational age and gingival index in pregnant women (p>0,005).

scholarly journals Akses Remaja dengan Komplikasi Kehamilan terhadap Pelayanan Persalinan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Anak di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tin Afifah ◽  
Novianti Novianti ◽  
Suparmi Suparmi ◽  
Kemal Nazaruddin Siregar ◽  
Nurillah Amaliah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Under Five

Abstract Age-Specific Death Rate (ASDR) cases of maternal death are highest in the adolescent group (<20 years). Adolescent pregnancy is a risky pregnancy, so it is necessary to deliver at health facilities.   A complication of pregnancy in adolescents is also at risk of childhood mortality. The study aims to assess the access of pregnant adolescents with complications to delivery facilities and the relation with the survival of the child. This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The unit of analysis of live births five years preceding survey, and mother's age birth before 35 years (14,634 live births). There are 2 dependent variables: access to delivery services (skill birth attendant and health facilities); and survival of the child (neonatal, infant and under-five mortality). Interest variables is multiple high-risk category, a combination of morbidity status (complications during pregnancy) and age adolescents (<20 years) compared adults (20-34 years). Covariate variables are parity and characteristics (mother’s education, residence and wealth index). Statistical test with logistic regression, 95%CI. All pregnancies with complications were significant association with neonatal and infant mortality. Specifically adolescent pregnancy with complications is also significantly associated with under-five mortality. In adolescents with pregnancy complications had OR neonatal mortality=7.4, OR infant mortality=4.56 and OR infant mortality=3.73, compared with adults pregnant without complication. Pregnancies ages 20-34 with complications having neonatal OR=1.95 and OR infant mortality=1.64. Pregnant adolescents are significantly associated with facilities of delivery (OR<1). The conclusions are: the access of adolescents with pregnancy complications to childbirth at the health facility is still low; adolescent pregnancy with complications is significantly related to childhood mortality and the highest risk of neonatal mortality. ABSTRAK  Age Spesific Death Rate (ASDR) kasus kematian maternal tertinggi pada kelompok remaja (<20 tahun). Kehamilan pada usia remaja merupakan kehamilan berrisiko, sehingga mereka perlu akses ke fasilitas persalinan yang aman. Kehamilan dengan komplikasi pada remaja juga berisiko terhadap kematian anaknya. Tujuan studi untuk menilai akses remaja yang hamil dengan komplikasi terhadap pelayanan persalinan dan mengetahui status kelangsungan hidup anaknya. Studi ini merupakan analisis data sekunder Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017. Unit analisis adalah kelahiran hidup periode lima tahun sebelum survey dan saat dilahirkan usia ibu belum mencapai 35 tahun (14.634 kelahiran hidup). Variabel dependen yang diteliti ada 2: akses ke pelayanan persalinan (tenaga kesehatan dan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan); dan kelangsungan hidup anak (kematian: neonatal, bayi, dan balita). Variabel interes adalah status ganda yaitu kombinasi status komplikasi kehamilan dan umur risiko remaja dibandingkan umur tidak berisiko (20-34 tahun). Variabel kovariat: paritas dan karakteristik (pendidikan, tempat tinggal dan indeks kekayaan). Uji statistik dengan regresi logistik, 95%CI. Semua kehamilan dengan komplikasi berhubungan signifikan dengan kematian neonatal dan bayi bila dibandingkan dengan kehamilan usia 20-34 tanpa komplikasi. Khusus kehamilan remaja dengan komplikasi juga berhubungan signifikan dengan kematian balita. Pada remaja dengan komplikasi kehamilan mempunyai OR kematian neonatal=7,4, OR kematian bayi=4,56 dan OR kematian balita=3,73. Kehamilan usia 20-34 dengan komplikasi mempunyai OR neonatal=1,95 dan OR kematian bayi=1,64. Remaja hamil berhubungan signifikan dengan persalinan di fasyankes (OR<1). Kesimpulan studi ini adalah akses remaja dengan kehamilan komplikasi terhadap persalinan di fasyankes masih rendah. Kehamilan remaja dengan komplikasi berhubungan signifikan dengan kematian anak, dan risiko paling tinggi terhadap kematian neonatus.   

scholarly journals Hydroxychloroquine PK and exposure-response in pregnancies with lupus: the importance of adherence for neonatal outcomes

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e000602
Author(s):  
Stephen J Balevic ◽  
Daniel Weiner ◽  
Megan E B Clowse ◽  
Amanda M Eudy ◽  
Anil R Maharaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Multiple Gestations ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveEvaluate the impact of pregnancy physiology and medication non-adherence on serum hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure-response in SLE.MethodsWe conducted a PK analysis using data from two observational pregnancy registries. We enrolled pregnant women with SLE taking HCQ at least 3 months prior to, and throughout pregnancy, and excluded those with multiple gestations. Using the PK model, we conducted dosing simulations and imputed 0%/20%/40%/60% non-adherence to evaluate the impact of adherence versus physiological changes on HCQ concentrations. We compared the effect of pregnancy-average non-adherent concentrations (≤100 ng/mL vs >100 ng/mL) on preterm birth using adjusted logistic regression.ResultsWe enrolled 56 women who had 61 pregnancies. By the third trimester, mean apparent HCQ clearance increased by 59.6%. At a dosage of 400 mg/day, fully adherent patients are expected to have HCQ concentrations ≤100 ng/mL only 0.3% of the time, compared with 24.2% when 60% of doses are missed. Persistently low HCQ concentrations throughout pregnancy were associated with a significantly higher odds of preterm birth, controlling for lupus nephritis and race (OR 11.2; 95% CI 2.3 to 54.2; p=0.003).ConclusionsWe observed significant changes in HCQ PK during pregnancy, resulting in a shortening in the drug’s half-life by 10 days; however, medication non-adherence had a more pronounced effect on HCQ exposure compared with physiological changes alone. Moreover, pregnant women with non-adherent HCQ concentrations had significantly higher rates of preterm birth. Accordingly, optimising adherence in pregnancy may be more clinically meaningful than adjusting HCQ dosage to account for physiological changes. PK modelling indicates that serum HCQ concentrations ≤100 ng/mL are suggestive of non-adherence regardless of trimester and may help identify pregnancies at risk for poor outcomes.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU DAN SUAMI TENTANG PERUBAHAN FISIK DAN PSIKOLOGIS SAAT HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BERINGIN RAYA KOTA BENGKULUTAHUN 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Nelazyani ◽  
Hailul Hikmi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Psychological Changes ◽  
The Face

Pregnancy involved various physical and psychological changes. Pregnancy usually develop normally, but sometimes not as expected, it was difficult to predict whether pregnant women could be problematic during pregnancy or fine. Thus the understanding of the mother and husband in the face of physical and psychological changes was very important. This study aimed to describe the understanding of mother and husband toward physical and psychological changes during pregnancy in working area of Beringin Raya Public Health Center Bengkulu 2016.The method used in this research was a descriptive study, with the number of respondents 82 pregnant women and 82 respondents husband was taken with purposive sampling technique. Data used in this study using primary data and analyzed using univariate analysis.More than half of pregnant women (56.1%), had less understanding about the physiological changes during pregnancy, most pregnant women (46.3%), had a good understanding about the physiological changes during pregnancy. more than half of pregnant husband (56.1%), had less understanding about the physiological changes in pregnant women and pregnant husband half (50.0%), had less understanding about the physiological changes of pregnant women.Expectant mothers and wives understanding about physical and psychological changes in the poor category. Beringin Raya Public Health Center Bengkulu could further increase in outreach to pregnant women thus increasing understanding of pregnant women.

scholarly journals Evaluation of osteopathic manipulative treatment in pain reduction in pregnant women during third trimester and postpartum: Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Oscar Abramovich ◽  
Cylie Alflen ◽  
Sawyer Bawek ◽  
Bianca Marrara ◽  
Stephen Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Treatment ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
The Third

Abstract The female body undergoes physiological changes during pregnancy that often lead to low back pain (LBP). To assess a non-pharmaceutical treatment option for LBP, a literature review was conducted comparing research trials using Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) and its effect on LBP experienced in the third trimester and postpartum. Research studies using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to rate pain were used and the effects of OMT was analyzed. It was found that, compared to usual treatment for LBP, OMT provided significant relief of pain for patients. While research conducted in pregnant populations is limited, further research is required to assess OMT technique models on individuals and the effect on pain throughout pregnancy through the postpartum period.

scholarly journals Effleurage Massage for Pain Relief in Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Mutia Nadra Maulida
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Spinal Muscles

Pregnancy is an event that begins with conception and ends with the onset of labor. Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, the first trimester (0-12 weeks), the second trimester (13-27 weeks), and the third trimester (28-40 weeks). During the pregnancy process will cause various changes in all body systems, both physiological changes and psychological changes that can cause discomfort to pregnant women. Physiological changes that often occur in pregnant women such as dyspnea, insomnia, gingivitis, frequent urination, pressure and discomfort in the perineum, back pain, constipation, varicose veins, fatigue, Braxton hicks contractions, leg cramps, ankle edema. Not only physiologically, changes in pregnant women also occur psychologically such as changes in mood and increased anxiety.One of the physiological changes that pregnant women often complain about is back pain. According to Ratih (2016), the results of research on pregnant women in various regions of Indonesia reached 60-80% of people who experience back pain in their pregnancy. The reported prevalence of back pain in pregnancy varies from 50% in the UK and Scandinavia to 70% in Australia. Back pain experienced by pregnant women will peak at week 24 to week 28, just before abdominal growth reaches its maximum point. Most back pain during pregnancy occurs due to changes in the spinal muscles, as much as 70%.Back pain in pregnant women can be treated both pharmacologically and non pharmacologically. One of the non-pharmacological therapies that can be given is Effleurage Massage, which provides a gentle, slow and uninterrupted massage on the back of pregnant women so that it can cause relaxation and reduce pain.

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