scholarly journals Comparative Metabolomics Reveals the Microenvironment of Common T-Helper Cells and Differential Immune Cells Linked to Unique Periapical Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Muayad Altaie ◽  
Thenmozhi Venkatachalam ◽  
Lakshman P. Samaranayake ◽  
Sameh S. M. Soliman ◽  
Rifat Hamoudi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Radicular Cyst ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Periapical Abscess ◽  
Periapical Granuloma ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Active Genes

Periapical abscesses, radicular cysts, and periapical granulomas are the most frequently identified pathological lesions in the alveolar bone. While little is known about the initiation and progression of these conditions, the metabolic environment and the related immunological behaviors were examined for the first time to model the development of each pathological condition. Metabolites were extracted from each lesion and profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in comparison with healthy pulp tissue. The metabolites were clustered and linked to their related immune cell fractions. Clusters I and J in the periapical abscess upregulated the expression of MMP-9, IL-8, CYP4F3, and VEGF, while clusters L and M were related to lipophagy and apoptosis in radicular cyst, and cluster P in periapical granuloma, which contains L-(+)-lactic acid and ethylene glycol, was related to granuloma formation. Oleic acid, 17-octadecynoic acid, 1-nonadecene, and L-(+)-lactic acid were significantly the highest unique metabolites in healthy pulp tissue, periapical abscess, radicular cyst, and periapical granuloma, respectively. The correlated enriched metabolic pathways were identified, and the related active genes were predicted. Glutamatergic synapse (16–20),-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, lipophagy, and retinoid X receptor coupled with vitamin D receptor were the most significantly enriched pathways in healthy control, abscess, cyst, and granuloma, respectively. Compared with the healthy control, significant upregulation in the gene expression of CYP4F3, VEGF, IL-8, TLR2 (P < 0.0001), and MMP-9 (P < 0.001) was found in the abscesses. While IL-12A was significantly upregulated in cysts (P < 0.01), IL-17A represents the highest significantly upregulated gene in granulomas (P < 0.0001). From the predicted active genes, CIBERSORT suggested the presence of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in different proportions. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms related to IL-10, IL-12A, and IL-17D genes were shown to be associated with periapical lesions and other oral lesions. Collectively, the unique metabolism and related immune response shape up an environment that initiates and maintains the existence and progression of these oral lesions, suggesting an important role in diagnosis and effective targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical analysis of ADAMTS-1, versican and pEGFR expressions in periapical granuloma and radicular cyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Marielly Gomes Batista ◽  
Antonia Taiane Lopes de Moraes ◽  
Karolyny Martins Balbinot ◽  
Osvaldo Rodrigues de Souza Neto ◽  
Juliana Melo da Silva Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Dental Follicle ◽  
Radicular Cyst ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Periapical Granuloma ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Abstract Background ADAMTS expression can be associated with several inflammatory processes, and has been correlated with tumorigenesis of some neoplasms, but its participation in the development of periapical lesions has not been investigated. Therefore, our objective was to verify the expression of ADAMTS-1, versican and pEGFR in Periapical Granuloma (PG) and in the Radicular Cyst (RC) since they are the most common lesions of the periapex. Methods 25 samples of RC and 10 of PG were used. As a control, 10 samples of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and 10 of dental follicle (DF) were used. The expression of these proteins was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Results In the epithelium of RC, IFH and DF, the expression of ADAMTS-1 was greater in DF than in RC (p < .001). Versicano showed greater expression in IFH than in RC, DF than in RC (p < .001). pEGFR showed greater expression in IFH and RC than in DF (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively). In connective tissue, ADAMTS-1 expression was greater in PG and RC than in IFH and DF (p < .001). Versicano showed greater expression in PG, RC and IFH compared to DF (p < .001). In pEGFR there was a higher expression in PG when compared to RC, IFH and DF (p < .001). Greater immunostaining occurred in the RC than in the DF (p < .001). Conclusions Our results suggest that the studied proteins may participate in the pathogenesis of PG and RC, through the interaction of these proteins, in the remodeling of the ECM (versican) by ADAMTS-1, producing bioactive fragments, which could activate EGFR, contributing to the formation, growth and maintenance of injuries.

scholarly journals Estimating the viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity when complicated with periapical lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Muayad Altaie ◽  
Rania Hamdy ◽  
Thenmozhi Venkatachalam ◽  
Rifat Hamoudi ◽  
Sameh S. M. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The oral cavity represents a main entrance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are essential for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 to the host cells. Both ACE-2 and NRP-1 receptors and TMPRSS2 have been identified in the oral cavity. However, there is limited knowledge about the impact of periapical lesions and their metabolites on the expression of these critical genes. This study aims to measure the impact of periapical lesions and their unique fatty acids (FAs) metabolites on the expression of the aforementioned genes, in addition to interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene and hence SARS-CoV-2 infection loads can be estimated. Methods Gene expression of ACE-2, NRP-1, TMPRSS2, and IL-6 was performed in periapical lesions in comparison to healthy oral cavity. Since FAs are important immunomodulators required for the lipid synthesis essential for receptors synthesis and viral replication, comparative FAs profiling was determined in oral lesions and healthy pulp tissues using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The effect of major identified and unique FAs was tested on mammalian cells known to express ACE-2, NRP-1, and TMPRSS2 genes. Results Gene expression analysis indicated that ACE-2, NRP-1, and TMPRSS2 were significantly upregulated in healthy clinical samples compared to oral lesions, while the reverse was true with IL-6 gene expression. Saturated and monounsaturated FAs were the major identified shared and unique FAs, respectively. Major shared FAs included palmitic, stearic and myristic acids with the highest percentage in the healthy oral cavity, while unique FAs included 17-octadecynoic acid in periapical abscess, petroselinic acid and l-lactic acid in periapical granuloma, and 1-nonadecene in the radicular cyst. Computational prediction showed that the binding affinity of identified FAs to ACE-2, TMPRSS2 and S protein were insignificant. Further, FA-treated mammalian cells showed significant overexpression of ACE-2, NRP-1 and TMPRSS2 genes except with l-lactic acid and oleic acid caused downregulation of NRP-1 gene, while 17-octadecynoic acid caused insignificant effect. Conclusion Collectively, a healthy oral cavity is more susceptible to viral infection when compared to that complicated with periapical lesions. FAs play important role in viral infection and their balance can affect the viral loads. Shifting the balance towards higher levels of palmitic, stearic and 1-nonadecene caused significant upregulation of the aforementioned genes and hence higher viral loads. On the other hand, there is a reverse correlation between inflammation and expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors. Therefore, a mouth preparation that can reduce the levels of palmitic, stearic and 1-nonadecene, while maintaining an immunomodulatory effect can be employed as a future protection strategy against viral infection.

scholarly journals Core Fluxome and Metafluxome of Lactic Acid Bacteria under Simulated Cocoa Pulp Fermentation Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (18) ◽  
pp. 5670-5681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Adler ◽  
Christoph Josef Bolten ◽  
Katrin Dohnt ◽  
Carl Erik Hansen ◽  
Christoph Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phosphoketolase Pathway ◽  
Labeling Approach ◽  
Cocoa Fermentation

ABSTRACTIn the present work, simulated cocoa fermentation was investigated at the level of metabolic pathway fluxes (fluxome) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are typically found in the microbial consortium known to convert nutrients from the cocoa pulp into organic acids. A comprehensive13C labeling approach allowed to quantify carbon fluxes during simulated cocoa fermentation by (i) parallel13C studies with [13C6]glucose, [1,2-13C2]glucose, and [13C6]fructose, respectively, (ii) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of secreted acetate and lactate, (iii) stoichiometric profiling, and (iv) isotopomer modeling for flux calculation. The study of several strains ofL. fermentumandL. plantarumrevealed major differences in their fluxes. TheL. fermentumstrains channeled only a small amount (4 to 6%) of fructose into central metabolism, i.e., the phosphoketolase pathway, whereas onlyL. fermentumNCC 575 used fructose to form mannitol. In contrast,L. plantarumstrains exhibited a high glycolytic flux. All strains differed in acetate flux, which originated from fractions of citrate (25 to 80%) and corresponding amounts of glucose and fructose. Subsequent, metafluxome studies with consortia of differentL. fermentumandL. plantarumstrains indicated a dominant (96%) contribution ofL. fermentumNCC 575 to the overall flux in the microbial community, a scenario that was not observed for the other strains. This highlights the idea that individual LAB strains vary in their metabolic contribution to the overall fermentation process and opens up new routes toward streamlined starter cultures.L. fermentumNCC 575 might be one candidate due to its superior performance in flux activity.

scholarly journals Bioceramic/Poly (glycolic)-poly (lactic acid) composite induces mineralized barrier after direct capping of rat tooth pulp tissue

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Gala-Garcia ◽  
Karina Imaculada Rosa Teixeira ◽  
Francisco Henrique Lana Wykrota ◽  
Rubén Dario Sinisterra ◽  
Maria Esperanza Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Direct Capping

scholarly journals Porphyra yezoensis Sauces Fermented With Lactic Acid Bacteria: Fermentation Properties, Flavor Profile, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity in vitro

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Tengqi Gao ◽  
Feng Ge ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Zihang Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Porphyra Yezoensis ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Volatile Flavor ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The demand for roasted seaweed sandwich (Porphyra yezoensis) product has risen in recent years. The product slicing process has created a huge number of scraps that are not utilized effectively. Three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were used to ferment P. yezoensis sauces in this study, including Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus, and the mixed strains (1:1:1, v/v). The fermentation characteristics, antioxidant capacity in vitro, sensory properties, and flavoring substances of fermented P. yezoensis sauces were analyzed. After 21 days of fermentation, all LAB strains grew well in the P. yezoensis sauces, with protease activity increased to 6.6, 9.24, 5.06, and 5.5 U/mL, respectively. Also, the flavors of P. yezoensis sauces fermented with L. casei and L. fermentum were satisfactory. On this premise, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to investigate the changes in gustatory compounds in P. yezoensis sauces fermented with L. casei and L. fermentum. In general, 42 and 41 volatile flavor chemicals were identified after the fermentation of L. casei and L. fermentum. Furthermore, the fermented P. yezoensis sauce possessed greater DPPH scavenging activity and ferric-reducing ability power than the unfermented P. yezoensis. Overall, the flavor and taste of P. yezoensis sauce fermented by L. casei was superior.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation to determine the efficacy of conventional radiography, digital radiography and ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of periapical lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Gupta ◽  
Preety Gupta ◽  
Shivani Gupta, ◽  
Sumit Garg
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Periapical Granuloma ◽  
Mandibular Teeth ◽  
Wallis Anova ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

In recent time several imaging modalities have been implicated for diagnosing periapical lesion. The present study is carried out to determine and compare the nature and extent of periapical lesions using conventional radiography, digital radiography and ultrasound imaging and to confirm the diagnosis with histopathological examination. Thirty patients aged between 15 and 45 years with well-defined periapical radiolucency associated with anterior maxillary or mandibular teeth requiring endodontic surgery or extraction were selected. The pre-operative intraoral periapical radiographs and digital images and were diagnosed by three observers. Ultrasound examination was performed and the images were assessed by an ultrasonographer. The periapical tissues were obtained to enable histopathological investigation. The data was statistically analysed using the kappa procedure, Kruskal Wallis Anova & Mann-Whitney U test. Results showed that the percentage accuracy of diagnosing periapical lesions using conventional radiography, digital radiography and ultrasound was – 86.67%, 93.33% & 93.33% respectively. Thus, we conclude that ultrasound helps in distinguishing between periapical granuloma and cyst which is of importance in predicting the treatment outcome. So, ultrasound can be used as an adjunct to conventional or digital radiography in diagnosing periapical lesions.

An Experimental Analysis of Lactic Acid Esterification Process Using Langmuir-Hinshelwood Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Edidiong Okon ◽  
Habiba Shehu ◽  
Edward Gobina
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Exchange Resins

In this study, esterification of lactic acid and ethanol to produce ethyl lactate using different cation-exchange resin catalysts was performed at 100 °C. The catalysts used for the esterification process were amberlyst 16 and dowex 50W8x cation-exchange resins. Two simplified mechanisms based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood model were employed to describe the components that adsorbed most on the surface of the catalysts. Fourier Transform Infrared (Nicolet iS10 FTIR) was employed to verify the rationality of the mechanisms. FTIR of the esterification product reflected C=O, H=O and C=C bonds on the spectra confirming water and ethanol as the most adsorbed components. The kinetic study of the retention time and the peak areas of the esterification produced with the different catalysts were compared using an autosampler gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (autosampler GC-MS). The chromatogram of the esterification product catalysed by amberlyst 16 showed a faster elution at 1.503 mins with the peak area of 1229816403 m2 in contrast to the dowex 50W8x. The BET surface area and BJH pore size distribution of the resin catalysts were determined using liquid nitrogen adsorption (Quantachrome, 2013) at 77 K. The BET surface area results of amberlyst 16 resin catalysts was found to be 1.659m2/g compared to 0.1m2/g for the dowex 50W8x. The BJH results of the catalysts exhibited a type IV isotherm with hysteresis confirming that the materials were mesoporous with pore size in the region of 2 – 50 nm.

scholarly journals Cirurgia do periápice para remoção de lesões granulomatosas: relato de caso

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Sidinéia Feitoza De Jesus ◽  
Yasmim Santos Meneses ◽  
Rafaela Cardoso De-Sá ◽  
Vanessa Valente Elias ◽  
Marcio Santos De Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Periapical Granuloma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Granulomatous Tissue ◽  
Periapical Inflammation

Periapical granuloma is a histological term that refers to the formation of a mass of granulomatous tissue around the apex of a tooth resulting from inflammation and necrosis of the pulp tissue. It consists of an infiltrate of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, plasmocytes and lymphocytes, as well as fibroblasts, collagen fibers and capillaries. Periapical surgery is an alternative for preserving the tooth in the oral cavity in cases where periapical inflammation is persistent even after treatment of root canals. The objective of this study was to report a clinical case in which the surgical technique was used to remove granulomatous lesions from a patient, female, with a history of recurrent periapical abscess without painful symptomatology in the region of the anterior 11,12 and 13 teeth. The histopathological exam demonstrated the presence of a granulomatous tissue with intense inflammatory infiltrate mixed, permeated with lymphocytes and high number of plasmocytes, confirming the diagnosis of periapical granuloma. The treatment was considered successful since the patient remained asymptomatic and there was incorporation of the inorganic bovine bone graft and initiation of bone neoformation in the periapical region.

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