scholarly journals High Species Richness and Extremely Low Abundance of Cumacean Communities Along the Shelf and Slope of the Gulf of Guinea (West Africa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stȩpień ◽  
Krzysztof Pabis ◽  
Robert Sobczyk ◽  
Bjorn Serigstad
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Marine Basins

The Gulf of Guinea belongs to the most scarcely sampled marine basins in the oceans of the world. We have analyzed diversity and distribution patterns of cumacean communities on the shelf and slope, along the coast of Ghana. The material was collected in October and November of 2012 using a van Veen grab (0.1 m2) on nine transects. Six stations were located at each transect (25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 m). Sixty-three species of Cumacea were recorded with Leucon and Eocuma as the most speciose genera, with 12 and eight species, respectively. Comparisons of species richness with literature data pointed that the Ghanaian coast hosts very diverse communities. About 95% of species were new to science, and the number of cumacean species known from the West Africa increased by over 100%. Nevertheless, most of the species had extremely low abundance, 13 singletons and 15 doubletons were found. Mean density of cumaceans was estimated at only 1.5 ind./0.1 m2. Species accumulation curve did not reach the asymptotic level, suggesting undersampling, despite the fact that sampling effort was high (250 samples). The highest species richness was recorded in the inner shelf (25–50 m) and on the slope (1,000 m). Cluster analysis separated shallow water communities from deeper regions on the shelf and upper slope. The most unique species composition was found at 1,000 m. Principal component analysis showed the importance of oxygen, sediments, and human-related disturbance for distribution of cumacean communities. In the shallows, oxygen content and presence of gravel were the most important factors structuring communities. In the deeper bottom areas (250–1,000 m), cumacean fauna was affected by local pollution, mainly by higher concentration of barium, other heavy metals, and THC.

The use of hair traps as a complementary method in mammal ecology studies

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Marcelo Magioli ◽  
Alex Augusto Abreu Bovo ◽  
Vinicius Alberici ◽  
Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
High Species Richness

Abstract This study describes the use of hair traps as a complementary method to obtain samples for stable isotope analysis from medium- and large-sized mammals. We sampled three protected areas within the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Traps formed an enclosure of ~16 m2 composed of two barbed-wire strands at different heights, baited with corn, salt, fruits and cinnamon powder. Samples were identified using hair microstructure. We identified 11 species – four globally and six nationally threatened – of which 63.6% were frugivorous. We found high species richness with a small sampling effort, indicating that hair traps can prove useful for isotopic ecology and other applied ecological studies.

scholarly journals Sampling methods affect nematode-trapping fungi biodiversity patterns across an elevational gradient.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Wei ◽  
Wang Jia-Liang ◽  
Matthew B. Scott ◽  
Fang Yi-Hao ◽  
Liu Shuo-Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Altitude Range ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Western Yunnan

Abstract Background Understanding the patterns of species richness across elevational gradients is a key concept for contemporary research in ecology and evolution, and critical to understanding large-scale trends in biodiversity, global change and conservation. However, patterns of elevational species richness between taxonomic groups, regions and latitudes are inconsistent, so that the various, sometimes conflicting hypotheses exist. Several scholars have pointed out that research on elevational distribution patterns is often biased by the sampling design employed. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed species richness of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) across an elevation gradient at two mountainous sites in western Yunnan Province, P.R. China. We tested for potential differences in the results when using different sampling designs.Results A total of 3 genera, 17 species, 222 strains of NTF were isolated and identified from Gaoligongshan and Cangshan. Species accumulation curves for both sites and sampling modes had acceptable leveling, demonstrating sufficient sampling effort. At Gaoligongshan, the elevation distribution patterns of NTF were different under two sampling patterns. When reducing the analyzed altitude range in Gaoligongshan, the elevation distribution pattern of the NTF changed. A similar elevation distribution pattern was observed in Cangshan when testing the same altitude range. In general, when treating the same dataset using different sampling designs, the resulting distribution patterns of species richness and occurrence frequencies were clearly different. Moreover, after removal of the samples located within lower-altitude zones affected by anthropogenic interferences, the distribution pattern of NTF in the two sites tended to become uniform.Conclusion The sampling design, and in particular the elevation interval between plots, has a significant effect on the assessment of species distribution in mountainous regions. Other factors such as human activities and the multi-dimensionality of biodiversity also contribute to result biases. It is recommended that future studies on the elevational gradients of species richness consider with care sampling design using stratified approaches according to the most relevant factors.

Connectivity and complexity in landscapes and ecosystems

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Green
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Landscape Processes ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
High Species Richness

The connectivity of sites in a landscape affects both species distribution patterns and the dynamics of whole ecosystems. Dispersal tends to produce clumped distributions, which promote species persistence and provide a possible mechanism for maintaining high species richness in tropical rainforests and other ecosystems. Simulations of multi-species systems show that, below a critical rate, disturbance regimes have little impact on species richness. With super-critical rates of disturbance the rate of decrease in species richness depends on the balance between the rate of disturbance and dispersal range. Theoretical and simulation studies discussed here reveal that landscape connectivity falls into three distinct classes: connected, disconnected, and critical. Landscape processes are inherently unpredictable when connectivity lies within the critical range. Critical levels of connectivity lead to phase changes in the behaviour of many ecosystem processes. For instance epidemics, fire spread and invasions by exotic plants or animals are all suppressed if inter-site connectivity is too low. Conversely, genetic drift within individual populations is an order of magnitude greater if connectivity is sub-critical.

A Checklist of Short-horned Grasshopper Species (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from Littoral Region of Cameroon with description of a new species of the genus Hemierianthus Saussure, 1903 (Orthoptera: Chorotypidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4706 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-331
Author(s):  
JEANNE AGRIPPINE YETCHOM-FONDJO ◽  
SÉVILOR KEKEUNOU ◽  
MARTIN KENNE ◽  
ALAIN DIDIER MISSOUP ◽  
HUATENG HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Grasshopper Species ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
A New Species

The Littoral Region of Cameroon is one of the most highly disturbed regions in Cameroon that remain poorly studied and where no investigation regarding the grasshopper fauna has been conducted. Hence a survey was conducted from August 2015 to November 2018 in 11 localities of this region. In each locality, grasshoppers were sampled in three vegetation types (forests, fallows and cultivated farms) using sweep nets sampling method. We collected in total 51 short-horned grasshopper species belonging to the families Acrididae, Chorotypidae, Euschmidtiidae, Pyrgomorphidae and Thericleidae. Among these species, 43 belong to Acrididae, 5 to Pyrgomorphidae and only one belongs to the Chorotypidae, Euschmidtiidae and Thericleidae respectively. The Chorotypidae species Hemierianthus mbongueensis Yetchom & Xu sp.nov. is also described in this study. Twelve grasshopper species were widely distributed as they occurred in all study sites and 11 were recorded exclusively from one study site. This study showed that there is high species richness of short-horned grasshoppers in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. However, more sampling effort in different ecosystems of this region and other regions of Cameroon will certainly improve our understanding on grasshopper taxonomy, ecology and biogeography. 

Prediction of sample size effects on the measured temporal and geographic distribution patterns of species

Paleobiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl F. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Large Computer ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Unique Species

Few paleontological studies of species distribution in time and space have adequately considered the effects of sample size. Most species occur very infrequently, and therefore sample size effects may be large relative to the faunal patterns reported. Examination of 10 carefully compiled large data sets (each more than 1,000 occurrences) reveals that the species-occurrence frequency distribution of each fits the log series distribution well and therefore sample size effects can be predicted. Results show that, if the materials used in assembling a large data set are resampled, as many as 25% of the species will not be found a second time even if both samples are of the same size. If the two samples are of unequal size, then the larger sample may have as many as 70% unique species and the smaller sample no unique species. The implications of these values are important to studies of species richness, origination, and extinction patterns, and biogeographic phenomena such as endemism or province boundaries. I provide graphs showing the predicted sample size effects for a range of data set size, species richness, and relative data size. For data sets that do not fit the log series distribution well, I provide example calculations and equations which are usable without a large computer. If these graphs or equations are not used, then I suggest that species which occur infrequently be eliminated from consideration. Studies in which sample size effects are not considered should include sample size information in sufficient detail that other workers might make their own evaluation of observed faunal patterns.

scholarly journals Coleoptera of Genting Highland, Malaysia: species richness and diversity changes along the elevations

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
M. M. Musthafa ◽  
F. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

The objective of this study was to measure beetle richness and diversity in Genting Highland at four major elevations (500 m, 1,000 m, 1,500 m and 1,800 m). Beetles were collected using light traps, malaise traps and pitfall traps. Altogether, 1,499 beetle samples representing 156 morphospecies were collected. Light trap and pitfall traps were more effective than Malaise trap. The 500 m elevation band displayed high species richness, abundance and diversity with all indices showing a decreasing pattern. The species accumulation curve displayed a progressive asymptote for all the altitudinal transects, showing the sampling effort was sufficient for this study. A long-term monitoring program of beetle diversity and distribution is useful to test abiotic factors that might influence biodiversity. This study also serves as a benchmark for further studies on this highly disturbed montane cloud forest in Peninsular Malaysia and will be useful to implement effective conservation management, particularly under the threat of climate change.

HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN BIVALVIA DENGAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI PESISIR TANJUNG PURA KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Sudiyar . ◽  
Okto Supratman ◽  
Indra Ambalika Syari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Random System ◽  
System Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anadara Granosa

The destructive fishing feared will give a negative impact on the survival of this organism. This study aims to analyze the density of bivalves, distribution patterns, and to analyze the relationship of bivalves with environmental parameters in Tanjung Pura village. This research was conducted in March 2019. The systematic random system method was used for collecting data of bivalves. The collecting Data retrieval divided into five research stasions. The results obtained 6 types of bivalves from 3 families and the total is 115 individuals. The highest bivalve density is 4.56 ind / m², and the lowest bivalves are located at station 2,1.56 ind / m²,  The pattern of bivalve distribution in the Coastal of Tanjung Pura Village is grouping. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Anadara granosa species was positively correlated with TSS r = 0.890, Dosinia contusa, Anomalocardia squamosa, Mererix meretrix, Placamen isabellina, and Tellinella spengleri were positively correlated with currents r = 0.933.

Distribution Patterns and Climatic Explanations of Species Richness of Vascular Plants in Xinjiang, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-ping LI ◽  
Nurbay Abdusalih ◽  
Shao-peng WANG ◽  
Zhi-heng WANG ◽  
Zhi-yao TANG
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Distribution Patterns

scholarly journals Impact of aquaculture on distribution of dissolved organic matter in coastal Jeju Island, Korea, based on absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeonghyun Kim ◽  
Yeseul Kim ◽  
Sung Eun Park ◽  
Tae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Bong-Guk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Jeju Island

AbstractIn Jeju Island, multiple land-based aquafarms were fully operational along most coastal region. However, the effect of effluent on distribution and behaviours of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the coastal water are still unknown. To decipher characteristics of organic pollution, we compared physicochemical parameters with spectral optical properties near the coastal aquafarms in Jeju Island. Absorption spectra were measured to calculate the absorption coefficient, spectral slope coefficient, and specific UV absorbance. Fluorescent DOM was analysed using fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were measured using high-temperature catalytic oxidation. The DOC concentration near the discharge outlet was twice higher than that in natural groundwater, and the TDN concentration exponentially increased close to the outlet. These distribution patterns indicate that aquafarms are a significant source of DOM. Herein, principal component analysis was applied to categorise the DOM origins. There were two distinct groups, namely, aquaculture activity for TDN with humic-like and high molecular weights DOM (PC1: 48.1%) and natural biological activity in the coastal water for DOC enrichment and protein-like DOM (PC2: 18.8%). We conclude that the aquafarms significantly discharge organic nitrogen pollutants and provoke in situ production of organic carbon. Furthermore, these findings indicate the potential of optical techniques for the efficient monitoring of anthropogenic organic pollutants from aquafarms worldwide.

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