The Potential Role of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Bell's Palsy: A Hypothesis-Generating Study Based on a Nationwide Cohort

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate whether people with a previous human papillomavirus (HPV) infection were associated with an increased risk of Bell's palsy (BP).Methods: By using Taiwan population-based data, patients aged > 18 years with HPV infection (n = 22,260) from 2000 to 2012 were enrolled and compared with control subjects who had never been diagnosed with an HPV infection at a 1:4 ratio matched by sex, age, index date, and co-morbidities (n = 89,040). The index date was the first date of HPV diagnosis. All the patients were tracked until the occurrence of BP. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of BP in both groups.Results: The HPV group had 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.51] times higher risk of BP compared with the non-HPV group after adjusting for sex, age, and co-morbidities. The association of HPV and BP was significant in the sensitivity analyses. In the subgroup analysis, the impact of HPV infection on the risk of BP was more pronounced in the elderly > 50 years [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) =1.86; 95% CI = 1.37–2.52], hypertension (aHR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.17–2.31), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aHR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.333.43) subgroups.Conclusions: Patients with HPV infection have a higher risk of subsequent BP compared with non-HPV patients. More rigorous studies are needed to confirm if and how specific HPV genotypes are associated with BP and the possible role of vaccines in disease prevention.

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Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection among Indian HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60960/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Lydia Hernandez ◽

Rajiv Karthik ◽

Murugesan Sivasubramanian ◽

Anantharam Raghavendran ◽

Shelly Lensing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Sexual History ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Oral Hpv ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Sex With Men ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Positive Men

Abstract Background: Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been causally linked to a subset of oropharyngeal cancers in Western populations15-20, and both oropharyngeal cancer and oral HPV infection are increased among HIV-positive individuals24,41. India has high incidences of oral and oropharyngeal cancers, and Indian HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at increased risk of developing oropharyngeal cancers. However, there is little information available on the prevalence of oral HPV in this population.Methods: We tested 302 HIV-positive Indian MSM for oral HPV infection using L1 HPV DNA PCR with probes specific for 29 types and a mixture of 10 additional types. CD4+ level and plasma HIV viral load (VL) were measured. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire including a sexual history.Results: The prevalence of oral HPV was 23.7% (95% CI: 19-29%) and 2.4% of participants had oncogenic HPV types. No participants had oral HPV type 16 (HPV-16) and the prevalence of other anogenital HPV types was low. Participants with higher CD4+ levels had reduced odds of having any oral HPV infection (OR: 3.1 [1.4-6.9]) in multivariable analyses.Conclusions: This is the first report of oral HPV among Indian HIV-positive MSM. Our results show a high prevalence of oral HPV infection consistent with studies from Western populations. However, oncogenic anogenital HPV types were relatively uncommon in our study population. It is unknown what the impact of this distribution of oral HPV will be on oropharyngeal cancers. HIV-positive MSM in India should be monitored closely for oral and oropharyngeal pre-cancer and cancer.

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Association of the human papillomavirus infection with the recurrence of sinonasal inverted papilloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rhinology Journal ◽

10.4193/rhin21.255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

M.-S. Rha ◽

C.-H. Kim ◽

J.-H. Yoon ◽

H.-J. Cho

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Inverted Papilloma ◽

Tumour Recurrence ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

Background: Although the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) has been investigated, the link between HPV infection and SNIP recurrence remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between HPV infection and recurrence of SNIP. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases were searched (until 16 June 2021) to collect all relevant articles. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the fixed effects model. In addition, subgroup analysis, assessment of publication bias, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Fourteen eligible articles, including 592 patients with SNIP, were included in this study. Pooled analysis revealed that HPV-positive cases exhibited a significantly higher OR of tumour recurrence than HPV-negative counterparts). A significant association between HPV infection and tumour recurrence remained stable in subgroup analyses according to the publication year of the studies. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrates that HPV infection is significantly associated with the recurrence of SNIP, suggesting the pathological role of HPV in SNIP. These results suggest that HPV infection should be considered in the management of SNIP.

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Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection among Indian HIV-positive Men who have Sex with Men: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60960/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Lydia Hernandez ◽

Rajiv Karthik ◽

Murugesan Sivasubramanian ◽

Anantharam Raghavendran ◽

Shelly Lensing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Sexual History ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Oral Hpv ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Sex With Men ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Positive Men

Abstract Background: Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been causally linked to a subset of oropharyngeal cancers in Western populations15-20, and both oropharyngeal cancer and oral HPV infection are increased among HIV-positive individuals24,41. India has high incidences of oral and oropharyngeal cancers, and Indian HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at increased risk of developing oropharyngeal cancers. However, there is little information available on the prevalence of oral HPV in this population.Methods: We tested 302 HIV-positive Indian MSM for oral HPV infection using L1 HPV DNA PCR with probes specific for 29 types and a mixture of 10 additional types. CD4+ level and plasma HIV viral load (VL) were measured. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire including a sexual history.Results: The prevalence of oral HPV was 23.7% (95% CI: 19-29%) and 2.4% of participants had oncogenic HPV types. No participants had oral HPV type 16 (HPV-16) and the prevalence of other anogenital HPV types was low. Participants with higher CD4+ levels had reduced odds of having any oral HPV infection (OR: 3.1 [1.4-6.9]) in multivariable analyses. Conclusions: This is the first report of oral HPV among Indian HIV-positive MSM. Our results show a high prevalence of oral HPV infection consistent with studies from Western populations. However, oncogenic anogenital HPV types were relatively uncommon in our study population. It is unknown what the impact of this distribution of oral HPV will be on oropharyngeal cancers. HIV-positive MSM in India should be monitored closely for oral and oropharyngeal pre-cancer and cancer.

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Are associations between HIV and human papillomavirus transmission due to behavioural confounding or biological effects?

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2018-053558 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 122-128

Author(s):

Cari van Schalkwyk ◽

Jennifer Moodley ◽

Alex Welte ◽

Leigh Francis Johnson

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Infection Status ◽

Biological Interactions ◽

Empirical Estimates ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean ◽

Hiv Acquisition ◽

Oncogenic Hpv

ObjectivesCohort studies have shown significant increased risk of HIV acquisition following human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and increased risk of new HPV detection in individuals with HIV infection, after adjusting for behavioural risk factors. This study uses an individual-based model to assess whether confounding sexual behaviour factors and network level effects can explain these associations between HIV and HPV infection status, without biological interactions.MethodsThe model simulates infection with 13 oncogenic HPV types and HIV. It allows for different relationship types, with heterogeneity in probabilities of concurrency and rates of partner change. No effect of prevalent HPV infection on HIV acquisition is assumed and vice versa. The model is calibrated to South African HIV and type-specific HPV prevalence data using a Bayesian approach. The model is used to simulate cohorts with quarterly HIV and HPV testing from 2000 to 2002. These simulated data are analysed using proportional hazard models.ResultsThe mean of the unadjusted HRs of HIV acquisition following detection of an oncogenic HPV type calculated for each simulated cohort is 2.6 (95% CI 2.2 to 3.1). The mean of the unadjusted HRs for the effect of HIV on newly detected HPV is 2.5 (95% CI 2.2 to 2.8). Simulated associations between HIV and HPV infection status are similar to corresponding empirical estimates. In sensitivity analyses in which HIV and HPV were assumed to increase each other’s transmission risk, simulated associations were stronger but not inconsistent with empirical estimates.ConclusionsAlthough we cannot rule out the possibility that associations between HIV and HPV transmission may be due in part to biological interactions, these results suggest that observed associations could be explained entirely by residual confounding by behavioural factors and network-level effects that observational studies cannot account for.

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Presence of human papillomavirus DNA in breast cancer patients: SERUM and tissue analysis.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e12582 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e12582-e12582

Author(s):

Sara Ravaioli ◽

Andrea Rocca ◽

Francesca Pirini ◽

Serena De Matteis ◽

Francesca Fanini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Low Grade ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Viral Spread ◽

Increased Risk

e12582 Background: It has been demonstrated an increased risk of breast cancer (BC) incidence in patients with previous cervical dysplasia, suggesting a role of human papillomavirus (HPV) of cervical lesions in the development of BC. Although, the origin of HPV spreading to the mammary gland and its mechanism of dissemination is not clear. Methods: Seven serum samples from healthy donors and 58 from early BC patients collected pre-surgery were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA. For 49/58 patients HPV DNA was analyzed also on the primary tumor tissue. 17 patients had luminal A BC (4 relapsed, 13 non relapsed), 16 had luminal B BC (5 relapsed, 11 non relapsed), 13 had triple-negative BC (6 relapsed, 7 non relapsed), 12 had HER2-positive BC (4 relapsed, 8 non relapsed). Circulating DNA was extracted from 500 μl of serum by Qiamp DNA Mini kit (Qiagen, Milan, Italy) and tumor DNA was extracted from at least four 10-micron sections by QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Milan, Italy). Circulating HPV DNA was amplified by a multiplex PCR with HPV E6 or E7 gene-specific primers and the sequence was assessed by a high-throughput MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based method. Results: HPV DNA was detected in only 5 serum of BC patients and in none of the healthy controls. 4/5 BC cases had high-risk HPV DNA (type 39,45,52,59) and 1 had type 73 low-risk HPV DNA. 4/5 HPV DNA-positive patients had previously low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I) detected by Pap smear. These 5 patients with circulating HPV DNA did not show HPV positivity in the BC tissue. 2 out of 49 cases were positive for universal HPV DNA sequence in tissue and only 1 case showed HPV type 51. No relation was found between HPV infection and tumor subtype or prognosis, neither for HPV DNA positivity between serum and tissue. Conclusions: Our data support the feasibility of HPV DNA detection by liquid biopsy in BC. The presence of circulating HPV could be due to a viral spread from other organs. More data are needed to establish the role of circulating HPV DNA and its potential association with HPV infection of the breast and/or of the cervix. [Table: see text]

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Association between Influenza Vaccination and the Risk of Bell’s Palsy in the Korean Elderly

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9070746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 746

Author(s):

Nayoung Jeong ◽

Yejee Kim ◽

Chungjong Kim ◽

Sangmin Park ◽

Joongyub Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

The Elderly ◽

Bell’S Palsy ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Bell's Palsy ◽

Registration Data ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Korean Elderly

Previous studies have shown controversial results on the risk of Bell’s palsy after influenza vaccination. Since the antigenic components of influenza vaccine can vary from season to season, continuous safety monitoring is required. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was an increased risk of Bell’s palsy in the elderly after influenza vaccination between the 2015/2016 and 2017/2018 flu seasons. This study included the elderly who received influenza vaccinations for three flu seasons using a large-linked database of vaccination registration data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the National Health Insurance Service claims data. We used a self-controlled risk interval design with a risk interval of 1 to 42 days and a control interval of 57 to 98 days postvaccination and calculated the incidence rate ratio. To ensure the robustness of the results, sensitivity analyses were also carried out with different risk and control intervals. Of 4,653,440 elderly people who received the influenza vaccine, there was no statistically significant increase in the risk of Bell’s palsy (IRR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.92–1.07). Similar results were found in analysis results for each season and the results of the sensitivity analyses excluding the 2017/2018 season. In conclusion, we found no evidence of an increased risk of Bell’s palsy after influenza vaccination. The results of our study provide reassurance about the safety of the influenza vaccine NIP program. However, it is necessary to continuously monitor the risk of Bell’s palsy during future flu seasons.

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Is Human Papillomavirus Associated with Prostate Cancer Survival?

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2013/735843 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 607-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mariarosa Pascale ◽

Danae Pracella ◽

Renzo Barbazza ◽

Barbara Marongiu ◽

Enrico Roggero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Prognostic Impact ◽

Prostate Carcinogenesis ◽

Hpv Status ◽

Increased Risk

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in prostate carcinogenesis is highly controversial: some studies suggest a positive association between HPV infection and an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa), whereas others do not reveal any correlation. In this study, we investigated the prognostic impact of HPV infection on survival in 150 primary PCa patients. One hundred twelve (74.67%) patients had positive expression of HPV E7 protein, which was evaluated in tumour tissue by immunohistochemistry. DNA analysis on a subset of cases confirmed HPV infection and revealed the presence of genotype 16. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, HPV-positive cancer patients showed worse overall survival (OS) (median 4.59 years) compared to HPV-negative (median 8.24 years,P=0.0381). In multivariate analysis age (P<0.001), Gleason score (P<0.001), nuclear grading (P=0.002), and HPV status (P=0.034) were independent prognostic factors for OS. In our cohort, we observed high prevalence of HPV nuclear E7 oncoprotein and an association between HPV infection and PCa survival. In the debate about the oncogenic activity of HPV in PCa, our results further confirm the need for additional studies to clarify the possible role of HPV in prostate carcinogenesis.

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The impact of immunization on cancer control: the example of HPV vaccination

10.1093/med/9780199550173.003.0006 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Ann Burchell ◽

Eduardo Franco1

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

B Virus ◽

Prophylactic Vaccination ◽

The Impact

Chapter 6 reviews briefly the role of infections as causal agents in cancer, describes anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization as the first cancer vaccine paradigm, and finally focuses on the latest paradigm of prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as the new front in cancer prevention.

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COMPREHENSIVE META-ANALYTICAL SUMMARY ON HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS ASSOCIATION WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER

Experimental Oncology ◽

10.31768/2312-8852.2016.38(2):68-72 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 68-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V A Bychkov ◽

E G Nikitina ◽

M K Ibragimova ◽

E V Kaigorodova ◽

E L Choinzonov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

The Impact

An etiological role of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of cervical cancer has been well established. Hence, attention of researchers has been focused on the role of HPV in pathogenesis of other malignancies, such as head and neck cancers. An analysis of epidemiological data on the prevalence of HPV infection among healthy people and patients with precancerous lesions and/or cancer is an important step in understanding the role of HPV in head and neck carcinogenesis. More and more data demonstrate the impact of HPV infection on disease outcome. HPVpositive patients have been shown to have better responses to radiotherapy and better overall and diseasefree survival than HPVnegative patients. This review presents data of the metaanalysis based on a large number of original studies on HPV prevalence in patients with precancerous lesions and in patients with oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers as well as findings on the impact of HPV infection on survival of these patients.

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The Impact of 9-Valent HPV Vaccination on Couple Infertility Prevention: A Comprehensive Review

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.700792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Ciavattini ◽

Chiara Marconi ◽

Luca Giannella ◽

Giovanni Delli Carpini ◽

Francesco Sopracordevole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Miscarriage Rate ◽

Spermatozoa Motility ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

A comprehensive literature review was performed to determine the relationship between HPV infection and infertility and the eventual role of the 9-valent vaccine for infertility prevention. The search was extended from January 1997 through July 2021. Data collected from selected articles focused on three main topics: statistical associations between HPV prevalence and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome, association between HPV and characteristics of semen, and associations between HPV and miscarriage. Articles that identified HPV genotypes were selected for this review to study the possible role of the 9-valent vaccine in infertility prevention. To date, there is no agreement on the implication HPV female infection has on the fertility and miscarriage rate. Although it can be stated that HPV prevalence among couples with infertility undergoing ART treatment is consistent, it does not seem to affect the performance of oocytes. Otherwise, HPV infection affects sperm parameters, in particular spermatozoa motility. When an association can be found, most cases of HR-HPV involved are those included in the 9-valent vaccine. The correlation between HPV male infection both with asthenozoospermia and increased risk of pregnancy loss could recommend the extension of anti-HPV vaccination to adolescent males along with cancer prevention. Despite the fact that the relation between 9-valent HPV genotypes involved in female infection and miscarriage/infertility is not clear, the impact of this virus on health reproduction is evident. Considering this, the importance of HPV vaccination in adolescent females is confirmed. A vaccine efficacy study could be useful to confirm the importance of primary prevention for couple reproductive health.

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