Case Report: Emphysematous Cystitis and Pyelonephritis Induced by Uterine Prolapse in a Subject With Untreated Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often accompanied by a lot of complications due to chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation. Emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis are rare types of urinary tract infections and are often complicated with DM. Herein, we report a case of emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis complicated with untreated DM. In addition, this case was very rare and interesting in that her emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis were induced by severe uterine prolapse, obstructive uropathy and urination disorders. Both uterine prolapse and DM should be appropriately treated because both can lead to the development of emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis.

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Wogonin Alleviates Hyperglycemia Through Increased Glucose Entry into Cells Via AKT/GLUT4 Pathway

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190722115410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 2602-2606 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shahzad Khan ◽

Mohammad A. Kamal

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Modern World ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Major Health ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Main Factor

: Insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes mellitus resulting in chronic hyperglycemia is a major health problem in the modern world. Many drugs have been tested to control hyperglycemia which is believed to be the main factor behind many of the diabetes-related late-term complications. Wogonin is a famous herbal medicine which has been shown to be effective in controlling diabetes and its complications. In our previous work, we showed that wogonin is beneficial in many ways in controlling diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we mainly explained wogonin anti-hyperglycemic property through AKT/GLUT4 pathway. Here we briefly discussed that wogonin increases Glut4 trafficking to plasma membrane which allows increased entry of glucose and thus alleviates hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Wogonin can be used as an anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic drug and works via AKT/GLUT4 pathway.

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Prevalence, risk factors and microorganisms of urinary tract infections in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study in China

Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management ◽

10.2147/tcrm.s147078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol Volume 14 ◽

pp. 403-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ke He ◽

Yun Hu ◽

Jun-Cheng Shi ◽

Yun-Qing Zhu ◽

Xiao-Ming Mao

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

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Hemoglobin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Jaringan Laboratorium Medis ◽

10.31983/jlm.v3i1.7918 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Wahyu Anita Khoirin ◽

Rodhi Hartono

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Medical Records ◽

Renal Interstitium ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Hypoxic Environment ◽

Age Category

Type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic hyperglycemia can cause a hypoxic environment in the renal interstitium and can cause kidney disorders (diabetic nephropathy), this can lead to decreased kidney function and the production of erythropoietin produced by peritubular fibroblasts is disrupted, and hemoglobin is not formed optimally and occurs anemia. Thei purposei ofi thisi studyi wasi toi determinei hemoglobini levelsi in patients withi typei 2i diabetesi mellitusi in RSUD. K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang. This is a descriptive quantitative study, the data comes from the medical records of patients with typei 2i diabetesi mellitusi withi complicationsi ofi diabetici nephropathyi at RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang as many as 40 samples with non-probability samplingi itechnique. The results showed that there were 20 men who had decreased hemoglobin levels and 1 person who had normal hemoglobin levels. Meanwhile, in women, 17 people had decreased hemoglobin levels and 2 people had normal hemoglobin levels. Based on the age category, the most were the early elderly as many as 15 people and the least in the late teens and early adults each as many as 2 people. Meanwhile, based on the average level of anemia, more experienced moderate levels of anemia. Hemoglobin levels in patients with type. 2i. diabetesi. mellitusi. withi. complicationsi. ofi. diabetici. nephropathyi. at RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang were 40 samples, on average they had low hemoglobin levels.

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Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i38a32057 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Gangaram Bhadarge ◽

Pratibha Dawande ◽

Nandkishor Bankar ◽

Raunak Kotecha

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Low Levels

Introduction: Zn supplementation improved glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in diabetic rats, revealing Zn's defensive effect against oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. The investigators have discovered that consuming Zn increased liver function and protected pancreatic tissue from damage caused by diabetes. Since Zn also prevents chronic hyperglycemia, it helps to minimize oxidative stress caused by type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem that affects more than 3 million people worldwide (16% of population). Chronic hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in diabetic patients by the development of free radicals (oxidants) and lowering the antioxidant protection mechanism. Aim: Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: Faculty of Medicine and Diabetic Opd, Datta Meghe Mediсаl Соllege and Shаlinitаi Meghe Hоsрitаl аnd Reseаrсh Сenter, Nаgрur in соllаbоrаtion with Dаttа Meghe Institute оf Mediсаl Sсienсes Deemed to be University, Sаwаngi, Wаrdhа, Mаhаrаshtrа. Results: The mean Zn level was 12.213±2.342in all participants and 9.121±1.782 in the control group, whereas it was significantly low (9.121±1.782) in the diabetic group, and there was statistically significant difference in Zn levels between the controls and the diabetic group (P < 0.001).FBS, HbA1C, serum Zinc mean effects between control and patients showed statistically significant differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus (P <0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings show that people with diabetes have lower levels of Zn than healthy people. The cause and effect of the association between very low levels of Zn and the progression of diabetes, or diabetes that causes Zn deficiency, is still unknown. Low levels of Zn are associated with poor glycemic control, and poor glycemic control is a good indication of Zn deficiency, as there was a negative association between serum Zn and FBS and HBA1C. If diabetic patients have low glycemic regulation, a long history of diabetes, obesity, or are over the age of 50, we look to assess their levels in Zn so that Zn alternative treatment can begin to release oxidative stress in this high-risk group.

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Role of Circulating Microparticles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Pathological Clotting

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1740150 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Siphosethu Cassandra Maphumulo ◽

Etheresia Pretorius

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Low Grade ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and a deficiency in insulin secretion. The global diabetes pandemic relates primarily to T2DM, which is the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Chronic low-grade inflammation, triggered by numerous risk factors, and the chronic activation of the immune system are prominent features of T2DM. Here we highlight the role of blood cells (platelets, and red and white blood cells) and vascular endothelial cells as drivers of systemic inflammation in T2DM. In addition, we discuss the role of microparticles (MPs) in systemic inflammation and hypercoagulation. Although once seen as inert by-products of cell activation or destruction, MPs are now considered to be a disseminated storage pool of bioactive effectors of thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular function. They have been identified to circulate at elevated levels in the bloodstream of individuals with increased risk of atherothrombosis or cardiovascular disease, two significant hallmark conditions of T2DM. There is also general evidence that MPs activate blood cells, express proinflammatory and coagulant effects, interact directly with cell receptors, and transfer biological material. MPs are considered major players in the pathogenesis of many systemic inflammatory diseases and may be potentially useful biomarkers of disease activity and may not only be of prognostic value but may act as novel therapeutic targets.

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Overexpression of microRNA-216a-3p Accelerates the Inflammatory Response in Cardiomyocytes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Targeting IFN-α2

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2020.522340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaomeng Liu ◽

Yusong Zhang ◽

Hongwei Liang ◽

Yanchao Xu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Major Complication ◽

Cardiomyocyte Proliferation ◽

Related Factors ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, hyperglycemia-associated, metabolic disorder. Heart disease is a major complication of T2DM. The present study aimed to explore the effects of miR-216a-3p on cardiomyocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation in T2DM through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway involving interferon-α2 (IFN-α2) mediation.Methods: T2DM was induced in rats by a high-fat diet, in combination with an intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin. ELISAs were conducted to measure inflammatory-related factors in serum. Next, isolated cardiomyocytes were used in loss- and gain-of-function experiments, followed by MTT and flow cytometry assays, conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis.Results: Our results revealed an increase in the inflammatory response in T2DM rat models, accompanied by significantly increased expression of miR-216a-3p and TLR pathway-related genes. However, a decrease in the expression of IFN-α2 was observed. Moreover, the presence of an miR-216a-3p inhibitor and si-IFN-α2 increased the expression of TLR pathway-related genes and cell apoptosis, whereas cell proliferation was significantly decreased in the cardiomyocytes.Conclusion: We found that in T2DM, miR-216a-3p inhibited the proliferation and enhanced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and generated an inflammatory response through activation of the TLR pathway and targeting of IFN-α2.

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