scholarly journals Platelet-Rich Plasma for Bone Fracture Treatment: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence in Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangming Zhang ◽  
Fei Xing ◽  
Rong Luo ◽  
Xin Duan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Fracture Treatment ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Present Systematic Review

Background: Recently, there is an increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for bone fracture treatment. Nevertheless, the effect of PRP for bone fracture treatment remains controversial and is still a matter of discussion. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRP injection for treatment of bone fracture.Methods: The main bibliographic databases, including Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library, were comprehensively searched for studies focusing on the application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on bone fracture treatment. All relevant articles were screened for eligibility and subdivided into the preclinical and clinical studies. Data were extracted and presented systematically.Results: Finally, twenty-six in vitro preclinical studies (basic studies), nine in vivo preclinical studies (animal studies), and nine clinical studies, met the selection criteria, and were included in the present systematic review. Preclinical studies showed an overall positive effect of PRP on osteoblast-like cells in vitro and bone healing in animal models. The most used treatment for bone fracture in animal and clinical studies is fixation surgery combined with PRP injection. The clinical studies reported PRP shortened bony healing duration, and had no positive effect on improving the healing rate of closed fractures. However, the results of functional outcomes are controversial. Additionally, compared with control group, PRP would not increase the rate of postoperative wound infection.Conclusion: The present systematic review confirmed the continuing interests of PRP as an additional treatment for bone fracture. Preclinical studies highlighted the potential value of PRP as promising therapy for bone fracture. However, the preclinical evidence did not translate into a similar result in the clinical studies. In addition, types of fractures and procedures of PRP preparation are heterogeneous in enrolled studies, which might result in controversial results. Meanwhile, characteristics of PRP, such as platelet concentration, the numbers of leukocytes, still need to be determined and further research is required.

scholarly journals Cell therapy as a treatment of secondary lymphedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Lafuente ◽  
Ibon Jaunarena ◽  
Eukene Ansuategui ◽  
Arantza Lekuona ◽  
Ander Izeta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Secondary Lymphedema ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Background Lymphedema, the accumulation of interstitial fluid caused by poor lymphatic drainage, is a progressive and permanent disease with no curative treatment. Several studies have evaluated cell-based therapies in secondary lymphedema, but no meta-analysis has been performed to assess their efficacy. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available preclinical and clinical studies, with assessment of their quality and risk of bias. Results A total of 20 articles using diverse cell types were selected for analysis, including six clinical trials and 14 pre-clinical studies in three species. The meta-analysis showed a positive effect of cell-based therapies on relevant disease outcomes (quantification of edema, density of lymphatic capillaries, evaluation of the lymphatic flow, and tissue fibrosis). No significant publication bias was observed. Conclusion Cell-based therapies have the potential to improve secondary lymphedema. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Due to relevant heterogeneity between studies, further randomized controlled and blinded studies are required to substantiate the use of these novel therapies in clinical practice.

scholarly journals PLATELET-RICH PLASMA THERAPY FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION: A REVIEW OF PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
A. D. Kaprin ◽  
A. A. Kostin ◽  
M. V. Epifanova ◽  
M. E. Chalyy ◽  
E. V. Gameeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Erectile dysfunction is no longer a psychosocial problem. Nowadays, it is a marker specific for the initial stages of cardiovascular diseases. Рlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a new and promising method, which totally deserves to be noted by specialists. To review currently existing pre-clinical and clinical studies concerning application of PRP in erectile dysfunction published in international sources such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov. The current data of preclinical and clinical studies determine the absence of PRP side effects and the effectiveness for ED treatment. PRP-therapy is a pathogenetically substantiated method of treating erectile dysfunction. The therapy is designed for repair and regeneration of endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and connective tissue. However, large, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies are needed to creation a systematic review and meta-analysis.

EXPRESS: Therapeutic Hypothermia for Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Experimental and Clinical Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 174749302110448
Author(s):  
Turner Baker ◽  
John Durbin ◽  
Zachary Troiani ◽  
Luis Ascanio-Cortez ◽  
Rebecca Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Hematoma Expansion ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains the deadliest form of stroke worldwide, inducing neuronal death through a wide variety of pathways. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a robust and well studied neuroprotectant widely used across a variety of specialties. Aims This review summarizes results from preclinical and clinical studies to highlight the overall effectiveness of TH to improve long-term ICH outcomes while also elucidating optimal protocol regimens to maximize therapeutic effect. Summary of Review A systematic review was conducted across three databases to identify trials investigating the use of TH to treat ICH. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on preclinical studies, looking at neurobehavioral outcomes, blood brain barrier breakdown (BBB), cerebral edema, hematoma volume, and tissue loss. Several mixed-methods meta-regression models were also performed to adjust for variance and variations in hypothermia induction procedures. 21 preclinical studies and 5 human studies were identified. The meta-analysis of preclinical studies demonstrated a significant benefit in behavioral scores (ES=-0.43, p=0.02), cerebral edema (ES=1.32, p=0.0001), and BBB (ES=2.73, p=<0.00001). TH was not found to significantly affect hematoma expansion (ES=-0.24, p=0.12) or tissue loss (ES=0.06, p=0.68). Clinical study outcome reporting was heterogeneous, however there was recurring evidence of TH-induced edema reduction. Conclusions The combined preclinical evidence demonstrates that TH reduced multiple cell death mechanisms initiated by ICH, yet there is no definitive evidence in clinical studies. The cooling strategies employed in both preclinical and clinical studies were highly diverse, and focused refinement of cooling protocols should be developed in future preclinical studies. The current data for TH in ICH remains questionable despite the highly promising indications in preclinical studies. Definitive randomized controlled studies are still required to answer this therapeutic question.

Transplantation of Adipose-derived Cells for Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic ◽  
Bassam Felipe Mogharbel ◽  
Priscila Elias Ferreira ◽  
Ana Carolina Irioda ◽  
Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Study Designs

This systematic review evaluated the transplantation of cells derived from adipose tissue for applications in dentistry. SCOPUS, PUBMED and LILACS databases were searched for in vitro studies and pre-clinical animal model studies using the keywords “ADIPOSE”, “CELLS”, and “PERIODONTAL”, with the Boolean operator “AND”. A total of 160 titles and abstracts were identified, and 29 publications met the inclusion criteria, 14 in vitro and 15 in vivo studies. In vitro studies demonstrated that adipose- derived cells stimulate neovascularization, have osteogenic and odontogenic potential; besides adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on probable cell carriers. Preclinical studies described improvement of bone and periodontal healing with the association of adipose-derived cells and the carrier materials tested: Platelet Rich Plasma, Fibrin, Collagen and Synthetic polymer. There is evidence from the current in vitro and in vivo data indicating that adipose-derived cells may contribute to bone and periodontal regeneration. The small quantity of studies and the large variation on study designs, from animal models, cell sources and defect morphology, did not favor a meta-analysis. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate the regeneration variability and the mechanisms of cell participation in the processes. An overview of animal models, cell sources, and scaffolds, as well as new perspectives are provided for future bone and periodontal regeneration study designs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Intra-Articular Microenvironment in Knee Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5492
Author(s):  
Dawid Szwedowski ◽  
Joanna Szczepanek ◽  
Łukasz Paczesny ◽  
Jan Zabrzyński ◽  
Maciej Gagat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Operative Treatment ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Positive Effect

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) represents a clinical challenge due to poor potential for spontaneous healing of cartilage lesions. Several treatment options are available for KOA, including oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, braces, activity modification, and finally operative treatment. Intra-articular (IA) injections are usually used when the non-operative treatment is not effective, and when the surgery is not yet indicated. More and more studies suggesting that IA injections are as or even more efficient and safe than NSAIDs. Recently, research to improve intra-articular homeostasis has focused on biologic adjuncts, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The catabolic and inflammatory intra-articular processes that exists in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) may be influenced by the administration of PRP and its derivatives. PRP can induce a regenerative response and lead to the improvement of metabolic functions of damaged structures. However, the positive effect on chondrogenesis and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is still highly controversial. Recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of PRP action. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms related to inflammation and chondrogenesis in cartilage repair and regenerative processes after PRP administration in in vitro and animal studies. Furthermore, we review clinical trials of PRP efficiency in changing the OA biomarkers in knee joint.

In vitro & in vivo assessment of a herbal formula used topically for bone fracture treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hua Peng ◽  
Chun Hay Ko ◽  
Sum Wing Siu ◽  
Chi Man Koon ◽  
Gar Lee Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Fracture Treatment ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
In Vivo Assessment

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Treatment Strategy for Alzheimerʼs Disease: Current and Future Perspectives

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (03) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Benny ◽  
Jaya Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

AbstractAlzheimerʼs disease is a multifarious neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive impairment and gradual memory loss. Several hypotheses have been put forward to postulate its pathophysiology. Currently, few drugs are available for the management of Alzheimerʼs disease and the treatment provides only symptomatic relief. Our aim is to review the relevant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies focused toward the potential uses of essential oils in the treatment of Alzheimerʼs disease. Scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar from April 1998 to June 2018 were explored to collect data. We have conducted wide search on various essential oils used in different models of Alzheimerʼs disease. Out of 55 essential oils identified for Alzheimerʼs intervention, 28 have been included in the present review. A short description of in vivo studies of 13 essential oils together with clinical trial data of Salvia officinalis, Salvia lavandulifolia, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, and Rosmarinus officinalis have been highlighted. In vitro studies of remaining essential oils that possess antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential are also mentioned. Our literary survey revealed encouraging results regarding the various essential oils being studied in preclinical and clinical studies of Alzheimerʼs disease with significant effects in modulating the pathology through anti-amyloid, antioxidants, anticholinesterase, and memory-enhancement activity.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Biologic Factors in Shoulder Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Giotis ◽  
Ashkan Aryaei ◽  
Theofanis Vasilakakos ◽  
Nikolaos K. Paschos
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Shoulder Disorders ◽  
Biologic Factors

Background:Shoulder pathology can cause significant pain, discomfort, and loss of function that all interfere with activities of daily living and may lead to poor quality of life. Primary osteoarthritis and rotator cuff diseases with its sequalae are the main culprits. Management of shoulder disorders using biological factors gained an increasing interest over the last years. This interest reveals the need of effective treatments for shoulder degenerative disorders, and highlights the importance of a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the rapidly increasing knowledge in the field.Methods:This study will describe most of the available biology-based strategies that have been recently developed, focusing on their effectiveness in animal and clinical studies.Results:Data fromin vitrowork will also be briefly presented; in order to further elucidate newly acquired knowledge regarding mechanisms of tissue degeneration and repair that would probably drive translational work in the next decade. The role of platelet rich-plasma, growth factors, stem cells and other alternative treatments will be described in an evidence-based approach, in an attempt to provide guidelines for their clinical application. Finally, certain challenges that biologic treatments face today will be described as an initiative for future strategies.Conclusion:The application of different growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells appears as promising approaches for enhancing biologic repair. However, data from clinical studies are still limited, and future studies need to improve understanding of the repair process in cellular and molecular level and evaluate the effectiveness of biologic factors in the management of shoulder disorders.

scholarly journals Nrf2 Activators as Dietary Phytochemicals Against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Yang ◽  
Xi Fu ◽  
Xiaoli Liao ◽  
Yamin Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Dietary Phytochemicals ◽  
Nrf2 Activator

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder with limited available treatments and diverse causes. In ASD patients, numerous researches demonstrated various alterations in inflammation/immune, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and these alterations could be regulated by Nrf2. Hence, we aimed to systematically review the current evidence about the effects of Nrf2 activator supplementation on ASD objects from in vitro studies, animal studies, and clinical studies. Relevant articles were retrieved through searching for the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scope, Embase, and CNKI databases (through September 23, 2020). Ultimately, we identified 22 preclinical studies, one cell culture study, and seven clinical studies, covering a total of five Nrf2 activators. For each Nrf2 activator, we focused on its definition, potential therapeutic mechanisms, latest research progress, research limitations, and future development directions. Our systematic review provided suggestive evidence that Nrf2 activators have a potentially beneficial role in improving autism-like behaviors and abnormal molecular alterations through oxidant stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These dietary phytochemicals are considered to be relatively safer and effective for ASD treatment. However, there are few clinical studies to support the Nrf2 activators as dietary phytochemicals in ASD, even though several preclinical studies. Therefore, caution should be warranted in attempting to extrapolate their effects in human studies, and better design and more rigorous research are required before they can be determined as a therapeutic option.

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