scholarly journals Patient and Citizen Participation in the Identification of Ethical Considerations Aiming to Address Uncertainty in the Evaluation of Promising Interventions in a Pandemic Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Olivier ◽  
Isabelle Ganache ◽  
Olivier Demers-Payette ◽  
Louis Lochhead ◽  
Sandra Pelaez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Balance Assessment ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Services Sociaux ◽  
Risk Balance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Evaluation

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous studies have been conducted to identify interventions that could contribute to alleviating the burden it has caused. The Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) has played a key role in informing the government of Québec regarding the evaluation of specific pandemic-related interventions. This process took place in a context characterized by a sense of urgency to assess and recommend potential interventions that could save lives and reduce the effects of the disease on populations and healthcare systems, which increased the pressure on the regulatory agencies leading these evaluations. While some of the interventions examined were considered promising, results from COVID-19 studies often led to uncertainty regarding their efficacy or safety. Regulatory agencies evaluating the value of promising interventions thus face challenges in deciding whether these should be made available to the population, particularly when assessing their benefit-risk balance. To shed light on these challenges, we identified underlying ethical considerations that can influence such an assessment. A rapid literature review was conducted in February 2021, to identify the main challenges associated with the benefit-risk balance assessment of promising interventions. To reinforce our understanding of the underlying ethical considerations, we initiated a discussion among various social actors involved in critical thinking surrounding the evaluation of promising interventions, including ethicists, clinicians and researchers involved in clinical or public health practice, as well as patients and citizens. This discussion allowed us to create a space for exchange and mutual understanding among these various actors who contributed equally to the identification of ethical considerations. The knowledge and perspectives stemming from the scientific literature and those consulted were integrated in a common reflection on these ethical considerations. This allowed patients and citizens, directly affected by the evaluation of pandemic-related interventions and the resulting social choices, to contribute to the identification of the relevant ethical considerations. It also allowed for reflection on the responsibilities of the various actors involved in the development, evaluation, and distribution of promising interventions in a setting of urgency and uncertainty, such as that brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Open Government and Citizen Participation: Perceptions between Civil Society Organizations and Government.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Alejandro Ruvalcaba-Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Government

The concepts of citizen participation and open government (OG) are increasingly being used by politicians, government officials, and civil society organizations (CSOs). However, there are differences about how the concepts are assumed and used by different social actors. The objective of this research is to analyze the perception of citizen participation and open government from the perspectives of two fundamental sectors: CSOs and government using the State of Jalisco, Mexico as a case study. The research question is: How are citizen participation and open government perceived in the State of Jalisco by civil society organizations and the government? This research presents statistical results of a survey given to members of civil society and public officials involved in OG actions. The results show a huge gap between the perceptions of government officials and CSOs; this affects the relationship between the two sectors, which can impede development and implementation of public policies.

scholarly journals NUEVOS MODELOS DE GESTIÓN LOCAL: LA ARTICULACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS Y EL PROTAGONISMO CIUDADANO A TRAVÉS DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL PRESUPUESTO PARTICIPATIVO EN LA ARGENTINA

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Alejandro López Accotto ◽  
Carlos R. Martinez ◽  
Irene Grinberg ◽  
Cristian Adaro
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Municipal Management ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Local Integration ◽  
The Government

El artículo presenta y examina una nueva herramienta en el campo de las políticas públicas: el «presupuesto participativo». El análisis se realiza a partir de una doble mirada: el presupuesto participativo como instrumento de gestión municipal, y como experiencia de participación ciudadana, constituyendo de esta manera un novedoso modelo de integración, organización y gestión local. El estudio se centra en el proceso de implementación del PP en Argentina, explorando las diversas modalidades y criterios de ejecución que ha asumido en los municipios, analizando la articulación con otros actores sociales que intervienen en el proceso, y planteando los avances así como los desafíos que aún quedan por resolver en el perfeccionamiento de un proceso democratizador de las decisiones y las acciones entre gobierno y sociedad.   ABSTRACTThis article presents and examines a new tool in the territory of public policies: Participatory Budgeting. The analysis is carried out through a double lens: Participatory Budgeting as an instrument of municipal management and as an experience of citizen participation. It constitutes an innovative model of local integration, organization and management. The study focuses on the process of implementing PB in Argentina, exploring diverse execution modalities and criteria that have been applied to municipalities, analyzing the link with other social actors engaged in the process, and setting forth the advances as well as the challenges that remain to be surmounted in perfecting a democratizing process regarding decisions and actions between the government and society.

Land Use Change and Commodity Frontiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Cáceres ◽  
Esteban Tapella ◽  
Diego A. Cabrol ◽  
Lucrecia Estigarribia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Management Recommendations

Argentina is experiencing an expansion of soya and maize cultivation that is pushing the agricultural frontier over areas formerly occupied by native Chaco forest. Subsistance farmers use this dry forest to raise goats and cattle and to obtain a broad range of goods and services. Thus, two very different and non-compatible land uses are in dispute. On the one hand subsistance farmers fostering an extensive and diversified forest use, on the other hand, large-scale producers who need to clear out the forest to sow annual crops in order to appropriate soil fertility. First, the paper looks at how these social actors perceive Chaco forest, what their interests are, and what kind of values they attach to it. Second, we analyze the social-environmental conflicts that arise among actors in order to appropriate forest’s benefits. Special attention is paid to the role played by the government in relation to: (a) how does it respond to the demands of the different sectors; and (b) how it deals with the management recommendations produced by scientists carrying out social and ecological research. To put these ideas at test we focus on a case study located in Western Córdoba (Argentina), where industrial agriculture is expanding at a fast pace, and where social actors’ interests are generating a series of disputes and conflicts. Drawing upon field work, the paper shows how power alliances between economic and political powers, use the institutional framework of the State in their own benefit, disregarding wider environmental and social costs. 

Pollution Control – Regulation and Legal Provisions in India

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
A. N. Aggarwal ◽  
V. K. Karia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
State Government ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
The Government

Immediately after independence in 1946, the Government of India resorted to rapid industrialization to minimize outside dependence and to improve the standard of living. This, while helping the country to grow, also created problems of environmental management. Rapid deterioration of natural resources forced the Government to enact a number of legislative measures and create regulatory agencies both at central and state government levels. These agencies were given powers to effectively implement various Acts. Severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment, were envisaged for offenders of environmental Acts. Responsibilities were defined, to avoid a scapegoat approach. On the other hand, to reward industries showing a positive approach to environmental protection, a number of fiscal incentives and tax benefits were also offered. Recently, to provide more comprehensive legislation for the protection of all the components of the environment under a single agency, a new bill entitled the ‘Environmental Protection Bill, 1986' has been introduced in Parliament. This regulatory approach has started to show results, and more and more industries have started to provide pollution control facilities.

Cultural Policies and the Islamic Republic: Cinema and Book Publication

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sussan Siavoshi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government ◽  
Iranian State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Book Publication

The evolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the dynamics of the relationship between the Iranian state and society can be explored by examining the postrevolutionary regime's policies toward intellectuals, particularly as expressed in its regulation of cinema and book publication. This relationship—at least in the period from the early 1980s to the early 1990s—was complex and nuanced. Factionalism within the regime provided an opportunity for intellectuals to engage the state in a process of negotiation and protest, cooperation and defiance, in pushing the boundaries of permitted self-expression. The degree of their success depended in part on which faction controlled the government and its regulatory agencies during particular phases in the evolution of the postrevolutionary regime.

scholarly journals Land use and land cover mapping and identification of misuse in the permanent preservation areas in the Tailândia Municipality - PA

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Sumiya Gurgel ◽  
Paulo Roberto Silva Farias ◽  
Sandro Nunes de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Land Cover Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Bodies Of Water

The objective of this study is to expand the mapping of land use and land cover, as well as of the permanent preservation areas (PPAs), and identify land misuse areas in the PPAs in the Tailândia municipality in the state of Pará, which is part of the Amazon biome. Remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to achieve these goals. Mapping and classification for the year 2012 were made by visual interpretation of images obtained from the RapidEye satellite, which has a 5 m spatial resolution. In this work, we identified nine classes of land use and land cover. From the hydrography vectors it was possible to determinate the Permanent Preservation Areas of the bodies of water according to the environmental legislation. Analysis of misuse in the PPAs was made by crossing-checking the land use and land cover data with that of the PPAs. The results show that 53 % of the municipality (2,347.64 km²) is occupied by human activities. Livestock farming is the activity that has most increased the use of area (30 %), followed by altered vegetation (14.6 %) and palm oil (7.2 %). The PPAs have a high percentage of misuse (47.12 %), with livestock being the largest contributor, occupying 26.65 % of the PPAs, followed by altered vegetation (12.64 %) and palm oil (4.29 %). Therefore, the main objective in Tailândia is to reconcile economic activity with sustainable development. It is important to emphasize the partnerships between the government, research institutions, regulatory agencies, states departments and local communities, else it would be impossible to monitor or control an area as vast as the Amazon.

Trolls Just Want To Have Fun

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shefali Virkar
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Government

Over the last two decades, public confidence and trust in Government has declined visibly in several Western liberal democracies owing to a distinct lack of opportunities for citizen participation in political processes; and has instead given way instead to disillusionment with current political institutions, actors, and practices. The rise of the Internet as a global communications medium and the advent of digital platforms has opened up huge opportunities and raised new challenges for public institutions and agencies, with digital technology creating new forms of community; empowering citizens and reforming existing power structures in a way that has rendered obsolete or inappropriate many of the tools and processes of traditional democratic politics. Through an analysis of the No. 10 Downing Street ePetitions Initiative based in the United Kingdom, this article seeks to engage with issues related to the innovative use of network technology by Government to involve citizens in policy processes within existing democratic frameworks in order to improve administration, to reform democratic processes, and to renew citizen trust in institutions of governance. In particular, the work seeks to examine whether the application of the new Information and Communication Technologies to participatory democracy in the Government 2.0 era would eventually lead to radical transformations in government functioning, policymaking, and the body politic, or merely to modest, unspectacular political reform and to the emergence of technology-based, obsessive-compulsive pathologies and Internet-based trolling behaviours amongst individuals in society.

scholarly journals Con Dao island through the eyes of Saigon ‘s press before 1975

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-107
Author(s):  
Linh Kieu Duong
Keyword(s):  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Evaluation

For historians, the media is an important historical source. Con Dao is a special province of Vietnam. The paper presents an approach to Con Dao through historical sources of the Saigon press before 1975 to have a more comprehensive view. Through the content as the name implies, through natural, economic, social and cultural conditions, and potential development evaluation, the original intentions of the government of The Republic of Saigon on prison issues and on the terror cannot be changed. Through a number of important events such as the return of prisoners of war from Con Dao in 1973, etc. the author aims to add a view and wish to confirm the value of historical sources of media while approaching and presenting a problem of history, and so on.

scholarly journals Citizen Participation in Responding to Natural Disasters Through Twitter Messages

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Rizky Pamuji ◽  
Ismiarta Aknuranda ◽  
Fatwa Ramdani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Citizen Involvement ◽  
The Government

Citizen participation in collect and distribute information increase the role of the citizen involvement in local issues and increasing the benefits of society for the government and the environment. The contribution of citizens can be useful in helping to deal with environment problems and assist certain parties in meeting data needs, this is commonly referred to as citizen science. In its development, citizen science involvement in providing information began to involve social media as a platform for sharing information. In this study we try to explore citizen science of Indonesia, we conduct case study exploring how citizen in Indonesia used social media such as Twitter in response to one of the country’s worst disaster in 2018 namely Lombok Earthquake. By analyzing these user generate message we may know what the response of Indonesian citizen during event and understand more about citizen science in Indonesia through social media including its role and contribution. The information also may assist local communities in obtaining up-to-date information, providing assistance according to needs of the populace and use to manage and plan disaster relief both during and after the event.

scholarly journals Applying Lapor Sleman to Increase Public Participation

ARISTO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Sartika Dewi ◽  
Awang Darumurti ◽  
Eko Priyo Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Smart Environment ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
One Step ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
The Government ◽  
Smart Governance

This paper aims to analyze the utilizing Lapor Sleman as smart governance to increase public participation year 2018. Smart economy, smart governance, smart environment, smart people, smart mobility, and smart living are currently an innovations that continue to be developed in Indonesia as one step in applying technology to a broader sector. Smart governance became one of the important component among the six characteristics of smart city. Smart governance consists of aspects that encourage citizen participation in decision making and transparent governance. Collaboration between community and government, and the community involvement in giving advice and criticism of the government’s performance became the main things in smart governance. Lapor Sleman is existed as one of the manifestations of smart regency to improve public services by following the dynamics of people's lives, technological developments and communication.This research used exploratory descriptive qualitative method.The results of the study reveals the utilization of Lapor Sleman is expected to be able to support community activities in reporting and complaints and assisting the government in developing Sleman Regency. In spite of that, there are still many problems occuring in the use of lapor sleman.

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