scholarly journals Host-Dependent Differences in Replication Strategy of the Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus Strain SSV9 (a.k.a., SSVK1): Infection Profiles in Hosts of the Family Sulfolobaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Michael Ceballos ◽  
Coyne Gareth Drummond ◽  
Carson Len Stacy ◽  
Elizabeth Padilla-Crespo ◽  
Kenneth Mark Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Virus Strain ◽  
The Family ◽  
Replication Strategy

scholarly journals Host-dependent differences in replication strategy of the Sulfolobus Spindle-shaped Virus strain SSV9 (a.k.a., SSVK1): Lytic replication in hosts of the family Sulfolobaceae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Michael Ceballos ◽  
Coyne Drummond ◽  
Carson Len Stacy ◽  
Elizabeth Padilla Crespo ◽  
Kenneth Stedman
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Lytic Replication ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Virion Release ◽  
The Family ◽  
Replication Strategy ◽  
Geographic Separation

ABSTRACTThe Sulfolobus Spindle-shaped Virus (SSV) system has become a model for studying thermophilic virus biology, including archaeal host-virus interactions and biogeography. Several factors make the SSV system amenable to studying archaeal genetic mechanisms (e.g., CRISPRs) as well as virus-host interactions in high temperature acidic environments. First, it has been shown that endemic populations of Sulfolobus, the reported SSV host, exhibit biogeographic structure. Second, the acidic (pH<4.5) high temperature (65-88°C) SSV habitats have low biodiversity, thus, diminishing opportunities for host switching. Third, SSVs and their hosts are readily cultured in liquid media and on gellan gum plates. Fourth, given the wide geographic separation between the various SSV-Sulfolobus habitats, the system is amenable for studying allopatric versus sympatric virus-host interactions. Previously, we reported that SSVs exhibit differential infectivity on allopatric and sympatric hosts. We also noticed a wide host range for virus strain SSV9 (a.k.a., SSVK1). For decades, SSVs have been described as “non-lytic” dsDNA viruses that infect species of the genus Sulfolobus and release virions via “blebbing” or “budding” as a preferred strategy over host lysis. Here, we show that SSVs infect more than one genus of the family Sulfolobaceae and, in allopatric hosts, SSV9 does not appear to release virions by blebbing. Instead, SSV9 appears to lyse all susceptible allopatric hosts tested, while exhibiting canonical non-lytic viral release via “blebbing” (historically reported for all other SSVs), on a single sympatric host. Lytic versus non-lytic virion release does not appear to be driven by multiplicity of infection (MOI). Greater relative stability of SSV9 compared to other SSVs (i.e., SSV1) in high temperature, low pH environments may contribute to higher transmission rates. However, neither higher transmission rate nor relative virulence in SSV9 infection drives replication profile (i.e., lytic versus non-lytic) in susceptible hosts. Although it is known that CRISPR-Cas systems offer protection against viral infection in prokaryotes, CRISPRS are not reported to be a determinant virus replication strategy. Thus, the genetic/molecular mechanisms underlying SSV9-induced lysis are unknown. These results suggest that there are unknown genetic elements, resulting from allopatric evolution, that drive virion release strategy in specific host strain-SSV strain pairings.

Characteristics of a Previously Unidentified Virus from Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Amend ◽  
Terry McDowell ◽  
Ronald P. Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Channel Catfish Virus ◽  
The Family

A virus (strain F82-34) was isolated from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) that was clearly distinct from channel catfish virus (CCV). The virus induced extensive syncytia in channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells incubated at 26 °C. The BB and CHSE-214 cell lines supported virus replication but the FHM line was refractory. Virus replication was optimal at 25 °C where, after 96 h, approximately 50% of the virus was found to be released from CCO cells. Virus infectivity was stable for 1 mo at4, 16, and 23 °C and for 5 mo at −20 and −8Q °C but was lost after 7 d at45 °C. Partially purified virions are double-shelled hexagonal capsids characteristic of reoviruses and have an average diameter of 75 nm. F82-34 was related to but distinct from two other reoviruses from fish in neutralization studies; these three viruses, and possibly a fourth from American oysters (Crassostrea virginica), appear to represent a new taxonomic group within the family Reoviridae. We therefore propose that this new virus be tentatively designated catfish reovirus (CRV).

Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bashir ◽  
Murilo Zerbini
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
East Asian Passiflora Virus ◽  
Time Of Infection

Abstract Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) is a potyvirus capable of infecting many species in the family Fabaceae, and most strains also infect members of the Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Laminaceae, Passifloraceae and Solanaceae. Its main hosts are cowpea and passionfruit, and along with East Asian Passiflora virus and passionfruit woodiness virus it induces passionfruit woodiness in passionfruit. CABMV occurs worldwide but is a particularly major and widespread disease of cowpea in Africa. The nature and severity of the symptoms induced by CABMV are extremely variable, and vary with host cultivars, virus strain and the time of infection. Symptoms can include various mosaics, mottling, interveinal chlorosis and vein-banding. Complete loss of cowpea crops has been reported from Nigeria, and CABMV is one of the main limiting factors to passionfruit yield in South America and Africa.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Chikungunya Virus Isolated in Guangdong, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (16) ◽  
pp. 8904-8905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Li ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Yong-Qiang Deng ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Xue-Dong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Chikungunya Fever ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family

Chikungunya virus belongs to the genusAlphavirusin the familyTogaviridae. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a chikungunya virus strain, GD05/2010, isolated in 2010 from a patient with chikungunya fever in Guangdong, China. The sequence information is important for surveillance of this emerging arboviral infection in China.

Triassic sponges (Sphinctozoa) from Hells Canyon, Oregon

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baba Senowbari-Daryan ◽  
George D. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Island Arc ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wallowa Terrane ◽  
Unique Condition ◽  
Hells Canyon

Two Upper Triassic sphinctozoan sponges of the family Sebargasiidae were recovered from silicified residues collected in Hells Canyon, Oregon. These sponges areAmblysiphonellacf.A. steinmanni(Haas), known from the Tethys region, andColospongia whalenin. sp., an endemic species. The latter sponge was placed in the superfamily Porata by Seilacher (1962). The presence of well-preserved cribrate plates in this sponge, in addition to pores of the chamber walls, is a unique condition never before reported in any porate sphinctozoans. Aporate counterparts known primarily from the Triassic Alps have similar cribrate plates but lack the pores in the chamber walls. The sponges from Hells Canyon are associated with abundant bivalves and corals of marked Tethyan affinities and come from a displaced terrane known as the Wallowa Terrane. It was a tropical island arc, suspected to have paleogeographic relationships with Wrangellia; however, these sponges have not yet been found in any other Cordilleran terrane.

Electron Microscopy of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 258-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Boatman ◽  
G. E. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
The Family

Information concerning the morphology and replication of organism of the family Mycoplasmataceae remains, despite over 70 years of study, highly controversial. Due to their small size observations by light microscopy have not been rewarding. Furthermore, not only are these organisms extremely pleomorphic but their morphology also changes according to growth phase. This study deals with the morphological aspects of M. pneumoniae strain 3546 in relation to growth, interaction with HeLa cells and possible mechanisms of replication.The organisms were grown aerobically at 37°C in a soy peptone yeast dialysate medium supplemented with 12% gamma-globulin free horse serum. The medium was buffered at pH 7.3 with TES [N-tris (hyroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid] at 10mM concentration. The inoculum, an actively growing culture, was filtered through a 0.5 μm polycarbonate “nuclepore” filter to prevent transfer of all but the smallest aggregates. Growth was assessed at specific periods by colony counts and 800 ml samples of organisms were fixed in situ with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 3 hrs. at 4°C. Washed cells for sectioning were post-fixed in 0.8% OSO4 in veronal-acetate buffer pH 6.1 for 1 hr. at 21°C. HeLa cells were infected with a filtered inoculum of M. pneumoniae and incubated for 9 days in Leighton tubes with coverslips. The cells were then removed and processed for electron microscopy.

Exposure of protein VP7 on the surface of bluetongue virus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
A.D. Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Outer Coat ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Family ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Physical Accessibility

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the type species os the genus orbivirus in the family Reoviridae. The virus has a fibrillar outer coat containing two major structural proteins VP2 and VP5 which surround an icosahedral core. The core contains two major proteins VP3 and VP7 and three minor proteins VP1, VP4 and VP6. Recent evidence has indicated that the core comprises a neucleoprotein center which is surrounded by two protein layers; VP7, a major constituent of capsomeres comprises the outer and VP3 the inner layer of the core . Antibodies to VP7 are currently used in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays and immuno-electron microscopical (JEM) tests for the detection of BTV. The tests involve the antibody recognition of VP7 on virus particles. In an attempt to understand how complete viruses can interact with antibodies to VP7 various antibody types and methodologies were utilized to determine the physical accessibility of the core to the external environment.

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