scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Survive Abilities of Salmonella Heidelberg Strains of Poultry Origin in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta T. Melo ◽  
Newton N. Galvão ◽  
Micaela Guidotti-Takeuchi ◽  
Phelipe A. B. M. Peres ◽  
Belchiolina B. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Metabolic Interactions ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Ppi Prediction

The aim of the study was to evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of 20 strains of S. Heidelberg (SH) isolated from broilers produced in southern Brazil. The similarity and presence of genetic determinants linked to virulence, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and in silico-predicted metabolic interactions revealed this serovar as a threat to public health. The presence of the ompC, invA, sodC, avrA, lpfA, and agfA genes was detected in 100% of the strains and the luxS gene in 70% of them. None of the strains carries the blaSHV, mcr-1, qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes. All strains showed a multidrug-resistant profile to at least three non-β-lactam drugs, which include colistin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Resistance to penicillin, ceftriaxone (90%), meropenem (25%), and cefoxitin (25%) were associated with the presence of blaCTX–M and blaCMY–2 genes. Biofilm formation reached a mature stage at 25 and 37°C, especially with chicken juice (CJ) addition. The sodium hypochlorite 1% was the least efficient in controlling the sessile cells. Genomic analysis of two strains identified more than 100 virulence genes and the presence of resistance to 24 classes of antibiotics correlated to phenotypic tests. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction shows two metabolic pathways correlation with biofilm formation. Virulence, resistance, and biofilm determinants must be constant monitoring in SH, due to the possibility of occurring infections extremely difficult to cure and due risk of the maintenance of the bacterium in production environments.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis reveals high virulence and antibiotic resistance amongst phage susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Udomluk Leungtongkam ◽  
Rapee Thummeepak ◽  
Thawatchai Kitti ◽  
Kannipa Tasanapak ◽  
Jintana Wongwigkarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
High Virulence

Abstract In this study, we examined the association between antimicrobial resistance, CRISPR/Cas systems and virulence with phage susceptibility in Acinetobacter baumannii and investigated draft genomes of phage susceptible multidrug resistant A. baumannii strains from Thailand. We investigated 230 A. baumannii strains using 17 lytic A. baumannii phages and the phage susceptibility was 46.5% (107/230). Phage susceptibility was also associated with resistance to numerous antibiotics (p-value < 0.05). We also found association between biofilm formation and the presence of ompA gene among phage susceptible A. baumannii strains (p-value < 0.05). A. baumannii isolates carrying cas5 or combinations of two or three other cas genes, showed a significant increase in phage resistance. Whole-genome sequences of seven phage susceptible A. baumannii isolates revealed that six groups of antibiotic resistance genes were carried by all seven phage susceptible A. baumannii. All strains carried biofilm associated genes and two strains harbored complete prophages, acquired copper tolerance genes, and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes. In conclusion, our data exhibits an association between virulence determinants and biofilm formation among phage susceptible A. baumannii strains. These data help to understand the bacterial co-evolution with phages.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of prevalent Staphylococcus epidermidis multidrug-resistant strains isolated during eight years in a single children hospital in México City.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cabrera-Contreras ◽  
Rosa I Santamaría ◽  
Patricia Bustos ◽  
Irma Martínez-Flores ◽  
Enrique Meléndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Children Health ◽  
Health Care Unit

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a human commensal and pathogen worldwide distributed. In this work, we surveyed for multi-resistant S. epidermidis strains in eight years at a children health-care unit in México City. Multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis were present in all years of the study. Resistance to methicillin, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides were included. To understand the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance and its association with virulence and gene exchange, we sequenced the genomes of 17 S. epidermidis isolates. Whole-genome nucleotide identities between all the pairs of S. epidermidis strains were about 97% to 99%. We inferred a clonal structure and eight Multilocus Sequence Types (MLST´s) in the S. epidermidis sequenced collection. The profile of virulence includes genes involved in biofilm formation and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). However, half of the S. epidermidis analyzed lacked the icaoperon for biofilm formation. Likely, they are commensal S. epidermidis strains but multi-antibiotic resistant. Uneven distribution of insertion sequences, phages, and CRISPR-Cas immunity phage systems suggest frequent horizontal gene transfer. Rates of recombination between S. epidermidis strains were more prevalent than the mutation rate and affected the whole genome. Therefore, the multidrug-resistance, independently of the pathogenic traits, might explain the persistence of specific highly adapted S. epidermidis clonal lineages in nosocomial settings.

scholarly journals Study of genetic diversity, biofilm formation, and detection of Carbapenemase, MBL, ESBL, and tetracycline resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn wound infections in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Abbas Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) isolated from burn wound infections is a major concern in intensive care or burns units worldwide, and molecular studies are considered critical strategies for control of MDR-AB outbreaks in this regard. Thus, in this study, antibiotic resistance, biofilm-forming ability, molecular epidemiology of MDR A. baumannii strains recovered from patients with burns were investigated in three major hospital centers of Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional research, 163 non-repetitive A. baumannii strains were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to characterize ambler classes A, B, and D β-lactamases, ISAba1 and integrons, biofilm formation was also investigated. Clonal relatedness was analyzed using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Results Among 163 A. baumannii strains collected, 94.5% of them were Carbapenem-Non-Susceptible A. baumannii (CNSAB) and also 90.1 and 52.2% of them were Metallo-β-Lactamases (MBL) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) producing isolates, respectively. Colistin and polymyxin B exhibited excellent activity against CNSAB strains. High prevalence of blaOXA − 23-like (85.1%), blaVIM (60.5%), blaPER − 1 (42.3%), tetB (67.8%), and Class 1 integrons (65.6%) were identified in CNSAB strains. ISAba1 element was associated with 42 (25.8%) and 129 (98.5%) of blaOXA-51-like and blaOXA-23-like genes, respectively. 6 clusters with the ability to form strong biofilms were found to be dominant and endemic in our entire areas. Conclusions Results of the present study show that antimicrobial resistance in CNSAB isolates from burn wound infections in monitored hospitals in Iran is multifactorial, and also findings of the study suggested that local antibiotic prescription policies should be regularly reviewed, and efficient infection control measures should be observed. Therefore, further strengthening of surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is urgently needed in these regions.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of prevalent Staphylococcus epidermidis multidrug-resistant strains isolated during eight years in a single children hospital in México City.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cabrera-Contreras ◽  
Rosa I Santamaría ◽  
Patricia Bustos ◽  
Irma Martínez-Flores ◽  
Enrique Meléndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Children Health ◽  
Health Care Unit

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a human commensal and pathogen worldwide distributed. In this work, we surveyed for multi-resistant S. epidermidis strains in eight years at a children health-care unit in México City. Multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis were present in all years of the study. Resistance to methicillin, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides were included. To understand the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance and its association with virulence and gene exchange, we sequenced the genomes of 17 S. epidermidis isolates. Whole-genome nucleotide identities between all the pairs of S. epidermidis strains were about 97% to 99%. We inferred a clonal structure and eight Multilocus Sequence Types (MLST´s) in the S. epidermidis sequenced collection. The profile of virulence includes genes involved in biofilm formation and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). However, half of the S. epidermidis analyzed lacked the icaoperon for biofilm formation. Likely, they are commensal S. epidermidis strains but multi-antibiotic resistant. Uneven distribution of insertion sequences, phages, and CRISPR-Cas immunity phage systems suggest frequent horizontal gene transfer. Rates of recombination between S. epidermidis strains were more prevalent than the mutation rate and affected the whole genome. Therefore, the multidrug-resistance, independently of the pathogenic traits, might explain the persistence of specific highly adapted S. epidermidis clonal lineages in nosocomial settings.

scholarly journals Nearly Identical Plasmids Encoding VIM-1 and Mercury Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from North-Eastern Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Stefan E. Heiden ◽  
Katharina Sydow ◽  
Stephan Schaefer ◽  
Ingo Klempien ◽  
Veronika Balau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Resistance Plasmids

The emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae limits therapeutic options and presents a major public health problem. Resistances to carbapenems are mostly conveyed by metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) including VIM, which are often encoded on resistance plasmids. We characterized four VIM-positive isolates that were obtained as part of a routine diagnostic screening from two laboratories in north-eastern Germany between June and August 2020. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to address (a) phylogenetic properties, (b) plasmid content, and (c) resistance gene carriage. In addition, we performed phenotypic antibiotic and mercury resistance analyses. The genomic analysis revealed three different bacterial species including C. freundii, E. coli and K. oxytoca with four different sequence types. All isolates were geno- and phenotypically multidrug-resistant (MDR) and the phenotypic profile was explained by the underlying resistance gene content. Three isolates of four carried nearly identical VIM-1-resistance plasmids, which in addition encoded a mercury resistance operon and showed some similarity to two publicly available plasmid sequences from sources other than the two laboratories above. Our results highlight the circulation of a nearly identical IncN-type VIM-1-resistance plasmid in different Enterobacteriaceae in north-eastern Germany.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of a multidrug-resistant Brucella anthropi strain isolated from a 4-day old neonatal sepsis patient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manmath Lama ◽  
Pachi Pulusu Chanakya ◽  
Balaram Khamari ◽  
Arun Sai Kumar Peketi ◽  
Prakash Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Sepsis Patient ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of group B Streptococcus from milk demonstrates the need for improved biosecurity: a cross-sectional study of pastoralist camels in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Seligsohn ◽  
Chiara Crestani ◽  
Taya L. Forde ◽  
Erika Chenais ◽  
Ruth N. Zadoks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, (GBS)) is the leading cause of mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland) among dairy camels in Sub-Saharan Africa, with negative implications for milk production and quality and animal welfare. Camel milk is often consumed raw and presence of GBS in milk may pose a public health threat. Little is known about the population structure or virulence factors of camel GBS. We investigated the molecular epidemiology of camel GBS and its implications for mastitis control and public health. Results Using whole genome sequencing, we analysed 65 camel milk GBS isolates from 19 herds in Isiolo, Kenya. Six sequence types (STs) were identified, mostly belonging to previously described camel-specific STs. One isolate belonged to ST1, a predominantly human-associated lineage, possibly as a result of interspecies transmission. Most (54/65) isolates belonged to ST616, indicative of contagious transmission. Phylogenetic analysis of GBS core genomes showed similar levels of heterogeneity within- and between herds, suggesting ongoing between-herd transmission. The lactose operon, a marker of GBS adaptation to the mammary niche, was found in 75 % of the isolates, and tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) in all but two isolates. Only the ST1 isolate harboured virulence genes scpB and lmb, which are associated with human host adaptation. Conclusions GBS in milk from Kenyan camel herds largely belongs to ST616 and shows signatures of adaptation to the udder. The finding of similar levels of within- and between herd heterogeneity of GBS in camel herds, as well as potential human-camel transmission highlights the need for improved internal as well as external biosecurity to curb disease transmission and increase milk production.

Fatal Respiratory Diphtheria Caused by ß-Lactam–Resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M Forde ◽  
Andrew Henderson ◽  
Elliott G Playford ◽  
David Looke ◽  
Belinda C Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Diphtheria is a potentially fatal respiratory disease caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Although resistance to erythromycin has been recognized, β-lactam resistance in toxigenic diphtheria has not been described. Here, we report a case of fatal respiratory diphtheria caused by toxigenic C. diphtheriae resistant to penicillin and all other β-lactam antibiotics, and describe a novel mechanism of inducible carbapenem resistance associated with the acquisition of a mobile resistance element. Methods Long-read whole-genome sequencing was performed using Pacific Biosciences Single Molecule Real-Time sequencing to determine the genome sequence of C. diphtheriae BQ11 and the mechanism of β-lactam resistance. To investigate the phenotypic inducibility of meropenem resistance, short-read sequencing was performed using an Illumina NextSeq500 sequencer on the strain both with and without exposure to meropenem. Results BQ11 demonstrated high-level resistance to penicillin (benzylpenicillin minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥ 256 μg/ml), β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors and cephalosporins (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid MIC ≥ 256 μg/mL; ceftriaxone MIC ≥ 8 μg/L). Genomic analysis of BQ11 identified acquisition of a novel transposon carrying the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) Pbp2c, responsible for resistance to penicillin and cephalosporins. When strain BQ11 was exposed to meropenem, selective pressure drove amplification of the transposon in a tandem array and led to a corresponding change from a low-level to a high-level meropenem-resistant phenotype. Conclusions We have identified a novel mechanism of inducible antibiotic resistance whereby isolates that appear to be carbapenem susceptible on initial testing can develop in vivo resistance to carbapenems with repeated exposure. This phenomenon could have significant implications for the treatment of C. diphtheriae infection, and may lead to clinical failure.

scholarly journals Need for Annual Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: 2-Year Longitudinal Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Sahm ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Laurie J. Kelly ◽  
Ian A. Critchley ◽  
Mark E. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

ABSTRACT Although changing patterns in antimicrobial resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniae have prompted several surveillance initiatives in recent years, the frequency with which these studies are needed has not been addressed. To approach this issue, the extent to which resistance patterns change over a 1-year period was examined. In this study we analyzed S. pneumoniaeantimicrobial susceptibility results produced in our laboratory with isolates obtained over 2 consecutive years (1997–1998 and 1998–1999) from the same 96 institutions distributed throughout the United States. Comparison of results revealed increases in resistant percentages for all antimicrobial agents studied except vancomycin. For four of the agents tested (penicillin, cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin), the increases were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Resistance to the fluoroquinolone remained low in both years (0.1 and 0.6%, respectively); in contrast, resistance to macrolides was consistently greater than 20%, and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increased from 13.3 to 27.3%. Multidrug resistance, concurrent resistance to three or more antimicrobials of different chemical classes, also increased significantly between years, from 5.9 to 11%. The most prevalent phenotype was resistance to penicillin, azithromycin (representative macrolide), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Multidrug-resistant phenotypes that included fluoroquinolone resistance were uncommon; however, two phenotypes that included fluoroquinolone resistance not found in 1997–1998 were encountered in 1998–1999. This longitudinal surveillance study of resistance inS. pneumoniae revealed that significant changes do occur in just a single year and supports the need for surveillance at least on an annual basis, if not continuously.

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