scholarly journals Elevated Systemic and Intestinal Inflammatory Response Are Associated With Gut Microbiome Disorder After Cardiovascular Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Xia ◽  
Jiangjin Ni ◽  
Shengnan Yin ◽  
Zhipeng Yang ◽  
Haini Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Future Clinical Practice ◽  
Postoperative Time ◽  
Promising Perspective

Systemic inflammatory response after cardiovascular surgery is associated with poor prognosis, to which gut barrier impairment is related. To investigate whether perioperative changes of the gut microbiome are associated with systemic and intestinal inflammatory response, we examined changes of the gut microbiome, intestinal homeostasis, and systemic inflammatory response in cardiovascular patients before (Pre) surgery and on the first defecation day [postoperative time 1 (Po1)] or a week [postoperative time 2 (Po2)] postsurgery. Markedly, the enhanced systemic inflammatory response was observed in Po1 and Po2 compared with that in Pre. In line with inflammatory response, impaired gut barrier and elevated gut local inflammation were observed in Po1 and Po2. Microbiome analysis showed a remarkable and steady decline of alpha diversity perioperatively. In addition, microbial composition in the postoperation period was characterized by significant expansion of Enterococcus along with a decrease in anaerobes (Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Gemmiger, [Ruminococcus], and Coprococcus), which were typically health-associated bacteria. Spearman correlation analysis showed microbiome disorder was associated with enhanced systemic inflammatory response and intestinal dysbiosis. These results suggest that microbiome disorder was related to disturbed gut homeostatic and subsequently elevates plasma endotoxin and systemic inflammatory response after cardiovascular surgery. This study not only highlights gut microbiome would be considered in future clinical practice but also proposes a promising perspective of potential diagnostic and therapeutic options for perioperative management of cardiovascular surgery patients.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: An Updated Review

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Mariusz Sikora ◽  
Albert Stec ◽  
Magdalena Chrabaszcz ◽  
Aleksandra Knot ◽  
Anna Waskiel-Burnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

(1) Background: A growing body of evidence highlights that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the development of psoriasis. The gut–skin axis is the novel concept of the interaction between skin diseases and microbiome through inflammatory mediators, metabolites and the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to synthesize current data on the gut microbial composition in psoriasis. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating intestinal microbiome in psoriasis, using the PRISMA checklist. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for relevant published articles (2000–2020). (3) Results: All of the 10 retrieved studies reported alterations in the gut microbiome in patients with psoriasis. Eight studies assessed alpha- and beta-diversity. Four of them reported a lack of change in alpha-diversity, but all confirmed significant changes in beta-diversity. At the phylum-level, at least two or more studies reported a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and higher Firmicutes in psoriasis patients versus healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: There is a significant association between alterations in gut microbial composition and psoriasis; however, there is high heterogeneity between studies. More unified methodological standards in large-scale studies are needed to understand microbiota’s contribution to psoriasis pathogenesis and its modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Induction of gut proteasome activity in hemorrhagic shock and its recovery by treatment with diphenyldihaloketones CLEFMA and EF24

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. G318-G327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Rao ◽  
Hailey Houson ◽  
Gregory Nkepang ◽  
Hooman Yari ◽  
Chengwen Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Proteasome Activity ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Protein Response

Multiorgan failure in hemorrhagic shock is triggered by gut barrier dysfunction and consequent systemic infiltration of proinflammatory factors. Our previous study has shown that diphenyldihaloketone drugs 4-[3,5-bis[(2-chlorophenyl)methylene]-4-oxo-1-piperidinyl]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (CLEFMA) and 3,5-bis[(2-fluorophenyl)methylene]-4-piperidinone (EF24) restore gut barrier dysfunction and reduce systemic inflammatory response in hemorrhagic shock. We investigated the effect of hemorrhagic shock on proteasome activity of intestinal epithelium and how CLEFMA and EF24 treatments modulate proteasome function in hemorrhagic shock. CLEFMA or EF24 (0.4 mg/kg) were given 1 h after withdrawing 50% of blood from Sprague-Dawley rats; no other resuscitation was provided. After another 5 h of compensation, small gut was collected to process tissue for proteasome activity, immunoblotting, and mRNA levels of genes responsible for unfolded-protein response (XBP1, ATF4, glucose-regulated protein of 78/95 kDa, and growth arrest and DNA damage inducible genes 153/34), polyubiquitin B and C, and immunoproteasome subunits β type-8 and -10 and proteasome activator subunit 1. We found that hemorrhagic shock induced proteasome activity in gut tissue and reduced the amounts of ubiquitinated proteins displayed on antiubiquitin immunoblots. However, simultaneous induction of unfolded-protein response or immunoproteasome genes was not observed. CLEFMA and EF24 treatments abolished the hemorrhagic shock-induced increase in proteasome activity. Further investigations revealed that the induction of proteasome in hemorrhagic shock is associated with disassembly of 26S proteasome; CLEFMA and EF24 prevented this disassembly. Consistent with these data, CLEFMA and EF24 reduced hemorrhagic shock-induced degradation of 20S substrate ornithine decarboxylase in gut tissue. These results suggest that activated proteasome plays an important role in ischemic gut pathophysiology, and it can be a druggable target in shock-induced gut dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemic injury to the gut is a trigger for the systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ failure in trauma and hemorrhagic shock. We show for the first time that hemorrhagic shock induces the gut proteasome activity by engendering 26S proteasome disassembly. Diphenyldihaloketones 4-[3,5-bis[(2-chlorophenyl)methylene]-4-oxo-1-piperidinyl]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid and 3,5-bis[(2-fluorophenyl)methylene]-4-piperidinone treatment prevented the 26S disassembly. Understanding the role of proteasome in shock-associated gut injury will assist in the development of therapeutic means to address it.

Alterations of gut microbiome in autoimmune hepatitis

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Wei ◽  
Yanmei Li ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Chunyan Sun ◽  
Qi Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Naïve

ObjectiveThe significance of the liver-microbiome axis has been increasingly recognised as a major modulator of autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to take advantage of a large well-defined corticosteroids treatment-naïve group of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) to rigorously characterise gut dysbiosis compared with healthy controls.DesignWe performed a cross-sectional study of individuals with AIH (n=91) and matched healthy controls (n=98) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An independent cohort of 28 patients and 34 controls was analysed to validate the results. All the patients were collected before corticosteroids therapy.ResultsThe gut microbiome of steroid treatment-naïve AIH was characterised with lower alpha-diversity (Shannon and observed operational taxonomic units, both p<0.01) and distinct overall microbial composition compared with healthy controls (p=0.002). Depletion of obligate anaerobes and expansion of potential pathobionts including Veillonella were associated with disease status. Of note, Veillonella dispar, the most strongly disease-associated taxa (p=8.85E–8), positively correlated with serum level of aspartate aminotransferase and liver inflammation. Furthermore, the combination of four patients with AIH-associated genera distinguished AIH from controls with an area under curves of approximately 0.8 in both exploration and validation cohorts. In addition, multiple predicted functional modules were altered in the AIH gut microbiome, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis as well as metabolism of amino acids that can be processed by bacteria to produce immunomodulatory metabolites.ConclusionOur study establishes compositional and functional alterations of gut microbiome in AIH and suggests the potential for using gut microbiota as non-invasive biomarkers to assess disease activity.

scholarly journals Influence of Fermented Vegetable Consumption on Gut Microbiome Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1188-1188
Author(s):  
Sina Ullrich ◽  
Kerstin Thriene ◽  
Nadine Binder ◽  
Lena Amend ◽  
Till Strowig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Fermented Vegetables

Abstract Objectives The effects of fermented foods on the gut microbiome are of great interest, yet evidence regarding its potential to increase gut microbial diversity, a measure likely associated with health, is lacking. Therefore, we analyzed the microbial composition (bacteria and yeasts) of commercially available fermented vegetables. Furthermore, we conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of studying effects of regular consumption of fermented vegetables on the gut microbiome. Methods Six healthy male volunteers (age: 25.5 ± 2.9yrs, BMI: 24.3 ± 1.2kg/m2) participated in a randomized crossover trial, with two 2-week intervention phases each of which was preceded by a 2-week washout phase. Participants consumed 150g/d of either sauerkraut (intervention 1) or a variety of six different fermented vegetables (intervention 2). We used 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the effects of each dietary regime on the composition, diversity and dynamics of the gut microbiome, as well as the composition and diversity of the fermented vegetable microbiome. Results Lactobacillus was the dominant genus in all fermented vegetables; still, the alpha diversity, richness and evenness of the microbiota differed substantially among the different products. Among our study participants, we observed an increase in alpha diversity (Shannon index) after both, consumption of sauerkraut (pre intervention: 3.31 ± 0.74, post intervention: 3.58 ± 0.68) and the selection of fermented vegetables (pre: 3.60 ± 0.93, post: 3.84 ± 0.81). However, the results did not reach statistical significance, due to the high inter- and intra-individual variability as evaluated by beta diversity of the gut microbial communities. Conclusions A longer-term intervention study with fermented vegetables and/or sauerkraut seems feasible. Consumption of fermented vegetables appears to increase the diversity of the gut microbiome, even after a relatively short period of time. However, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to verify our observations. Funding Sources Institutional budget.

Dysbiosis in early sepsis can be modulated by a multispecies probiotic: a randomised controlled pilot trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stadlbauer ◽  
A. Horvath ◽  
I. Komarova ◽  
B. Schmerboeck ◽  
N. Feldbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Probiotic Intervention ◽  
Early Sepsis

The gut is hypothesised to play an important role in the development and progression of sepsis. It is however unknown whether the gut microbiome and the gut barrier function is already altered early in sepsis development and whether it is possible to modulate the microbiome in early sepsis. Therefore, a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to examine the alterations of the microbiome and the gut barrier in early sepsis and the influence of a concomitant probiotic intervention on dysbiosis at this early stage of the disease was conducted. Patients with early sepsis, defined as fulfilling the sepsis definition from the 2012 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines but without signs of organ failure, received multispecies probiotic (Winclove 607 based on Omnibiotic® 10 AAD) for 28 days. Gut microbiome composition, function, gut barrier and bacterial translocation were studied. Patients with early sepsis had a significantly lower structural and functional alpha diversity, clustered differently and showed structural alterations on all taxonomic levels. Gut permeability was unaltered but endotoxin, endotoxin binding proteins and peptidoglycans were elevated in early sepsis patients compared to controls. Probiotic intervention successfully increased probiotic strains in stool and led to an improvement of functional diversity. Microbiome composition and function are altered in early sepsis. Probiotic intervention successfully modulates the microbiome and is therefore a promising tool for early intervention in sepsis.

scholarly journals A260 THE LACK OF CHROMOGRANIN-A MODIFIES THE GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AND REGULATES EXPERIMENTAL COLONIC INFLAMMATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
N Eissa ◽  
A Diarra ◽  
H Hussein ◽  
C N Bernstein ◽  
J Ghia
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Colonic Inflammation ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC)is characterized by distinct changes in the gut microbiome and elevated chromogranin-A (CHGA) level, which seem to be a relevant pathogenetic mechanism.CHGA, a prohormone produced by enterochromaffin (EC) cells and cleaved into several bioactive peptides, regulates experimental colonic inflammation. In the rodent, intra-rectal infusion of catestatin, a Chga-derived peptide, alters the distal colonic microbial composition. However, the interplay between CHGA, as a pro-hormone, and the gut microbiome remains elusive. Aims in homoeostatic and pathophysiologic conditions, we investigated the functional consequences of the lack of Chgaon the distal colonic microbiota. Methods Acute colitis (5 % dextran sulfate sodium [DSS], 5 days) was induced in Chga-C57BL/6-deficient (Chga-/-) and wild-type (Chga+/+)mice. Feces and mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) samples were collected and the V4 region of 16s rRNA was subjected to Miseq Illumina sequencing. Alpha diversity was calculated using Shannon’s diversity index. OTU abundances were summarized using the Bray-Curtis index and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis to visualize microbiome similarities and a permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to test the significance of groups were performed respectively. Results In non-colitic homoeostatic condition, the absence of Chga (Chga-/) significantly increased the bacterial richness and modified the bacterial community composition at the genera level between the groups, represented by increased abundance of Lactobacillus species and reduced abundance of Helicobacter& Oscillospira species compared to Chga+/+mice in fecal and colonic MAM. Moreover, the absence of Chga (Chga-/-) resulted in a significant change in the alpha-diversity of fecal and colonic MAM compared to Chga+/+mice. DSS induced-colitis resulted in a significant microbial dysbiosis in Chga+/+mice, however, deletion of Chgaprotected against DSS-induced colitis and reduced the microbial dysbiosis, reduced the family of Rikenellaceaeand maintained the abundance of Bacteroides species, compared to wild-type (Chga+/+). Conclusions The lack of CHGA regulates the biodiversity and the composition of the colonic gut microbiota suggesting a cross-talk between the EC cell and the microbiome. Therefore, targeting CHGA could provide a novel therapeutic strategy by regulating the gut microbiome in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Funding Agencies CIHR

scholarly journals The Association Between Breast Density and Gut Microbiota Composition at 2 Years Post-Menarche: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adolescents in Santiago, Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara S. Yoon ◽  
Jonathan P. Jacobs ◽  
Jessica Hoehner ◽  
Ana Pereira ◽  
Juan Cristóbal Gana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional

The gut microbiome has been linked to breast cancer via immune, inflammatory, and hormonal mechanisms. We examined the relation between adolescent breast density and gut microbial composition and function in a cohort of Chilean girls. This cross-sectional study included 218 female participants in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study who were 2 years post-menarche. We measured absolute breast fibroglandular volume (aFGV) and derived percent FGV (%FGV) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. All participants provided a fecal sample. The gut microbiome was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. We examined alpha diversity and beta diversity across terciles of %FGV and aFGV. We used MaAsLin2 for multivariable general linear modeling to assess differential taxa and predicted metabolic pathway abundance (MetaCyc) between %FGV and aFGV terciles. All models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and corrected for multiple comparisons. The mean %FGV and aFGV was 49.5% and 217.0 cm3, respectively, among study participants. Similar median alpha diversity levels were found across %FGV and aFGV terciles when measured by the Shannon diversity index (%FGV T1: 4.0, T2: 3.9, T3: 4.1; aFGV T1: 4.0, T2: 4.0, T3: 4.1). %FGV was associated with differences in beta diversity (R2 =0.012, p=0.02). No genera were differentially abundant when comparing %FGV nor aFGV terciles after adjusting for potential confounders (q &gt; 0.56 for all genera). We found no associations between predicted MetaCyc pathway abundance and %FGV and aFGV. Overall, breast density measured at 2 years post-menarche was not associated with composition and predicted function of the gut microbiome among adolescent Chilean girls.

scholarly journals Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Barrier Function in A Patient with Anorexia Nervosa after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prochazkova ◽  
Roubalova ◽  
Dvorak ◽  
Tlaskalova-Hogenova ◽  
Cermakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

The change in the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in a patient suffering from severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (AN) and diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBO) was investigated. Microbial gut dysbiosis is associated with both AN and SIBO, and therefore gut microbiome changes by serial fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a possible therapeutic modality. This study assessed the effects of FMT on gut barrier function, microbiota composition, and the levels of bacterial metabolic products. The patient treatment with FMT led to the improvement of gut barrier function, which was altered prior to FMT. Very low bacterial alpha diversity, a lack of beneficial bacteria, together with a great abundance of fungal species were observed in the patient stool sample before FMT. After FMT, both bacterial species richness and gut microbiome evenness increased in the patient, while the fungal alpha diversity decreased. The total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels (molecules presenting an important source of energy for epithelial gut cells) gradually increased after FMT. Contrarily, one of the most abundant intestinal neurotransmitters, serotonin, tended to decrease throughout the observation period. Overall, gut microbial dysbiosis improvement after FMT was considered. However, there were no signs of patient clinical improvement. The need for an in-depth analysis of the donor´s stool and correct selection pre-FMT is evident.

scholarly journals A pilot study to evaluate the serum Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein response in cats suffering from feline chronic gingivostomatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Mestrinho ◽  
Rita Rosa ◽  
Patrícia Ramalho ◽  
Vasco Branco ◽  
Leonor Iglésias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Postoperative Time

Abstract Background Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a multifactorial immune-mediated disease that can lead to chronic pain, anorexia, and weight loss and has substantial health and welfare effects. Currently, the recommended treatment includes dental extractions to decrease the inflammatory stimulation associated with dental plaque. However, complete remission is observed in less than half of the cases, and the majority need comprehensive medical management. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of the acute phase protein alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) in cats with FCGS and to examine whether dental extractions contribute to a significant decrease in the systemic inflammatory response at two postoperative time points. Results AGP serum concentrations in the cats with FCGS were significantly higher at all time points than that in the control groups and were significantly correlated with the global caudal stomatitis score at day 0 but not at day 30 or 60. A significant improvement of some clinical scores, such as perceived comfort and global caudal stomatitis, was observed 60 days after the dental extraction. However, the levels of AGP did not significantly change over time. Conclusions Cats with FCGS were more likely to have a systemic inflammatory response compared with age- and dental disease-matched controls. Dental extractions, in most cases, did not contribute to a significant decrease of AGP both at 30 and 60 days. Therefore, this study reinforces the need to pursue comprehensive medical management after dental extractions to attenuate the systemic inflammatory response as a result of this disease.

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