scholarly journals Experimental Treatment of Hazardous Ash Waste by Microbial Consortium Aspergillus niger and Chlorella sp.: Decrease of the Ni Content and Identification of Adsorption Sites by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Šimonovičová ◽  
Alžbeta Takáčová ◽  
Ivan Šimkovic ◽  
Sanja Nosalj

Despite the negative impact on the environment, incineration is one of the most commonly used methods for dealing with waste. Besides emissions, the production of ash, which usually shows several negative properties, such as a higher content of hazardous elements or strongly alkaline pH, is problematic from an environmental viewpoint as well. The subject of our paper was the assessment of biosorption of Ni from ash material by a microbial consortium of Chlorella sp. and Aspergillus niger. The solid substrate represented a fraction of particles of size <0.63 mm with a Ni content of 417 mg kg–1. We used a biomass consisting of two different organisms as the sorbent: a non-living algae culture of Chlorella sp. (an autotrophic organism) and the microscopic filamentous fungus A. niger (a heterotrophic organism) in the form of pellets. The experiments were conducted under static conditions as well as with the use of shaker (170 rpm) with different modifications: solid substrate, Chlorella sp. and pellets of A. niger; solid substrate and pellets of A. niger. The humidity-temperature conditions were also changed. Sorption took place under dry and also wet conditions (with distilled water in a volume of 30–50 ml), partially under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 25°C as well as in the exterior. The determination of the Ni content was done using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The removal of Ni ranged from 13.61% efficiency (Chlorella sp., A. niger with the addition of 30 ml of distilled water, outdoors under static conditions after 48 h of the experiment) to 46.28% (Chlorella sp., A. niger with the addition of 30 ml of distilled water, on a shaker under laboratory conditions after 48 h of the experiment). For the purpose of analyzing the representation of functional groups in the microbial biomass and studying their interaction with the ash material, we used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We observed that the amount of Ni adsorbed positively correlates with absorbance in the spectral bands where we detect the vibrations of several organic functional groups. These groups include hydroxyl, aliphatic, carbonyl, carboxyl and amide structural units. The observed correlations indicate that, aside from polar and negatively charged groups, aliphatic or aromatic structures may also be involved in sorption processes due to electrostatic attraction. The correlation between absorbance and the Ni content reached a maximum in amide II band (r = 0.9; P < 0.001), where vibrations of the C=O, C–N, and N–H groups are detected. The presented results suggest that the simultaneous use of both microorganisms in biosorption represents an effective method for reducing Ni content in a solid substrate, which may be useful as a partial process for waste disposal.

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei Ruey Ong ◽  
Reddy Prasad ◽  
Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md. Najmul Kabir Chowdhury

Increased demand for wood adhesives, environmental concerns, and the uncertainty of continuing availability of petrochemicals have led to recent attention on protein-based adhesives. This study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical interaction of palm kernel meal (PKM) with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins in adhesive formulation by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The effect of hot press on PKM extender has been investigated by FTIR and blue shift is observed due to the hot press indicating that the functional groups (such as C=O, -OH and NH) are become more free in the samples. In the case of PKM-MUF blend bonding interactions observed where, PKM played the role as an extender. Red shift of C=O and N-H groups stretching in PKM-MUF-Wood blend is observed which suggests the interaction of these functional groups through hydrogen bonding. The results suggest that PKM extender-based MUF adhesive resins have potential application for the production of exterior plywood.


Author(s):  
Dheeban Shankar ◽  
Basker S ◽  
Karthik S

  Objective: This study was aimed on the analysis of cytotoxic and apoptotic action of Passiflora foetida followed by identification of the functional groups responsible for the activity.Methods: In this study, cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of methanol extract of P. foetida were analyzed by treating HeLa cell line cultures with different concentrations of the extract (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 μg/ml), and thereby the activity was ratified by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and propidium iodide staining. The functional groups of the bioactive compounds for the effectiveness of the treatment were known by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR).Results: The cytotoxic activity was found to be increased in a dose-dependent manner with inhibitory concentration value of 21.55 μg/ml and showed an effective apoptosis. Further, FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, phenols and cardiac glycosides which might be responsible for the aforesaid activity.Conclusion: The cytotoxic and apoptotic action of P. foetida was proved to be very effective, and the tenable functional groups were identified.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
O.O. Shonekan ◽  
◽  
A.C. Otuka ◽  
D.K. Adeyemi ◽  
O.T. Fatunsin ◽  
...  

Background: Syzygium guineenses, (the most common and abundant specie in Nigeria) is a medicinal plant used by traditional practitioners in northern Nigeria for a variety of healing purposes. Objective: The main objective of this project was to carry out a comparison of antioxidant activities and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometric (FTIR) analysis on both methanol and hexane leaf extracts of S. guineenses. Methods: Phytochemical screening, Semi-quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)- dot blot assay and FTIR analysis were performed on both extracts to determine antioxidant activity and identify the functional groups present. Results: Phytochemicals tested for, were observed to be more prominent in the methanol extract than hexane. The in vitro antioxidant assay also revealed a more intense yellow colour of inhibition in methanol extract than the hexane extract. The FTIR spectra revealed different characteristic peak values with various functional compounds in both extracts. The methanol extract displayed major peaks of absorption at 3341 cm-1 (-OH) for alcohol, 1736 cm-1 (C=O) carbonyl group, 1161.83 cm-1, 1036.49 cm-1 (C-O) of esters. Other absorption bands like 1452.25 cm-1 and 1612.20 cm-1 for alkenes were present in both extracts. Conclusion: This result shows that the methanol extract of S. guineenseshas a higher potential of phytochemicals, antioxidants and functional groups than the hexane extract.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Eka Putra Mesakh ◽  
Mery Napitupulu ◽  
Siang Tandi Gonggo

The research aim was to study the effect of adding % weight alumina on the conductivity of polymer electrolyte chitosan-PVA-lithium. The characterization of functional groups was determined using fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The Ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte chitosan-PVA-lithium-alumina was measured by using impedance spectroscopy. The measurement results show the polymer electrolyte with the addition of 5% alumina provides the highest ionic conductivity of 3.991 x 10-3S/cm. Battery characteristics of electrolyte polymer of chitosan-PVA-lithium with the addition of alumina have a voltage of 1.4 Volts compared to commercial batteries which have a voltage of 1.5 Volts. These results indicate that alumina can be used as a filler to increase the ionic conductivity.


Author(s):  
Pradeep Damodaran Premakumari ◽  
Manoj Gopal Sarayu ◽  
Murugan Kumaraswamy

The purpose of the present research work is to investigate the functional group and category of secondary metabolites present in the essential oil (Eo) from Pogostemon benghalensis using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, HPTLC and GC-MS technique. FTIR measures the vibrations of bonds within the functional groups and yields a spectrum that can be considered as biochemical or metabolic fingerprint of the plant product. Using FTIR spectra, it is possible to find out the minor changes of primary and secondary metabolic characteristic functional groups which are responsible for their biological feature of the species. FTIR is a nondestructive, cost effective, user and eco-friendly tool. Pogostemon benghalensis, a wild relative of P. cablin, the highly utilized and adulterated medicinal herb by the native people for the extraction of essential oil Patchouli. The fresh leaves were subjected to hydro distillation for the extraction of the essential oils and were analyzed using the above techniques. The FTIR spectral lines have shown diverse unique peaks of functional groups. FTIR confirmed the volatile compounds and indicated by their functional groups of the essential oils such as C-H (Alkene), C-H (aromatic) and C=C. Similarly, the analysis proved the presence of alcohols, p-substituted alcohols or phenols, alkanes, alkynes, alkenes, aldehyde, ester, ether, aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, aromatics, ketones, disulphide, alkyl halides, halogen, and nitro derivatives. The intensity and estimation of predominant volatiles were analysed by   HPTLC, which showed 8 peaks with max Rf values ranged from 0.07 to 0.96. Further, the Eo was fractionated by with GC-MS technique and identified 41 volatile fractions in the oil.  Thus, the obtained data provides the biochemical profiles with overlapping signals of a wide array of molecules that are present in the cells. So, the usage of essential oils in pharmacy, cosmetology and aromatherapy industries may be substantiated. Further advanced spectroscopic analysis is required to identify the structure and nature of active principles present in the Eo.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Shellyn Prastisia Mberato ◽  
Inneke F M Rumengan ◽  
Veibe Warouw ◽  
Stenly Wullur ◽  
Natalie D T Rumampuk ◽  
...  

 Parrot fish (Scarus sp) is a commodity which commonly consumed in North Sulawesi. High consumption of this fish has caused the high amount of fish scales as wastes. As parrot fish scales contain protein that could be transformed into commercial products such as collagen. Collagen could be applied in the industrial fields including cosmetics and pharmaceutics.  The purpose of this study was to determine molecular structure of collagen derived from the wet and dry parrot fish (Scarus sp) scales, based on molecular absorption of electromagnetic in the infrared region of the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Preparation of collagen of fish scales both in wet and dry forms, was initially performed with pre-treatment of raw materials by maceration in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 48 hours. Then hydrolysis process was conducted in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution again for 48 hours to remove mineral contents of the scales.  Collagen yield of fish scales in wet and dry forms was 2.23% and 3.00%, respectively, with pH 7, and the respective  water content was  13% and 12%. For collagen derived from the wet scales, the functional groups of amide A and B absorb the electromagnetic at infrared region of 3429 cm-1 and 2930 cm-1), respectively. Also amide I, II and III absorb the electromagnetic at infrared region of 1657 cm-1, 1452 cm-1 and 1242 cm-1, respectively. It was comparable to that of collagen derived from the dry scales, the functional groups of amide A and B absorb the electromagnetic at infrared region of 3425 cm-1 and 2910 cm-1), respectively. Also amide I, II and III absorb the electromagnetic at infrared region of 1653 cm-1, 1402 cm-1 and 1244 cm-1, respectively.  The amide  III group of  the wet scales derived collagen as well as the dry scales derive collagen absorb the electromagnetics at infrared region in the range of 1309-1229 cm-1 indicating that the fish scale derived collagen has not denatured yet, but still in triple helix structure. Molecular functional groups detected for the parrot fish scales derived collagen are in the range of those for  collagen standard.Keywords : fish scale, Scarus sp, collagen, molecule structure, proximate  AbstrakIkan kakatua (Scarus sp) merupakan salah satu jenis komiditi ikan yang banyak dikonsumsi di Sulawesi Utara. Tingginya konsumsi ikan kakatua berakibat banyaknya limbah kuliner ikan ini berupa sisik ikan. Padahal sisik ikan kakatua mengandung protein yang dapat ditransformasikan menjadi produk samping komersial seperti kolagen. Kolagen dapat diaplikasikan pada bidang industry kosmetik dan farmasika. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan struktur molekul kolagen dari sisik ikan kakatua (Scarus sp) berdasarkan wilayah serapan gelombang infra red.Preparasi kolagen dari sisik ikan baik dalam bentuk basah maupun kering,  diawali dengan proses pre-treatment bahan baku dengan melakukan perendaman menggunakan larutan NaOH selama 48 jam. Selanjutnya adalah tahap hidrolisis yang dilakukan dengan perendaman sampel menggunakan larutan asam klorida (HCl) selama 48 jam untuk menghilangkan mineral yang ada dalam sisik. Kolagen sisik basah dan sisik kering dari ikan kakatua memiliki nilai rendemen masing-masing sebesar 2.23% dan 3.00%, nilai pH 7 serta kadar air sebesar 13% dan 12%. Pada kolagen sisik basah terdeteksi Amida A mempunyai bilangan gel (3429 cm-1), Amida B (2930 cm-1). Amida I (1657 cm-1), Amida II (1452 cm-1 ) dan Amida III (1242 cm-1), sedangkan pada kolagen sisik kering  terdeteksi Amida A mempunyai bilangan gel (3425 cm -1 ), Amida B (2910 cm-1 ). Amida I (1653 cm-1 ), Amida II (1402 cm-1 ) dan Amida III (1244 cm-1). Amida III pada kolagen sisik basah dan kolagen sisik kering terdeteksi pada wilayah serapan 1309-1229 cm-1 hal menandakan bahwa kolagen sisik  ikan kakatua belum terdenaturasi karena masih terdapat struktur triple helix. Gugus fungsional kolagen sisik kering dan kolagen sisik basah dari ikan kakatua memenuhi standar gugus fungsional kolagen standar.Kata kunci : sisik, Scarus sp, kolagen, gugus fungsi, proksimat


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Claudia Candra Setyaningrum ◽  
Kholisoh Hayati ◽  
Siti Fatimah

Limbah nata de coco merupakan nata yang tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai produk setelah proses sortasi sehingga menghasilkan limbah padat dan jarang dimanfaatkan. Kandungan selulosa pada limbah padat nata de coco sebesar 42,57%. Tujuan penelitian ini membuat plastik biodegradable dengan hasil limbah nata de coco dengan penambahan plasticizer. Metode yang digunakan pada pembuatan plastik biodegradable ini adalah metode inversi fasa dengan variasi berat selulosa 2%; 2,5%; dan 3% (b/v), variasi volume gliserol sebesar 2%, 3%, dan 5% (v/v), dan penambahan kitosan sebagai penguat. Karakteristik pastik biodegradable diuji menggunakan UTM (Universal Testing Machine) dan FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Plastik biodegradable yang dihasilkan dari berbagai perbandingan berat selulosa dan volume gliserol memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Plastik biodegradable dengan karakteristik optimal memiliki nilai kuat tarik optimal sebesar 4,34 MPa, nilai elongasi optimal sebesar 4,44% dan nilai ketahanan air optimal sebesar 65,20%. Pada analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan tidak ditemukan adanya gugus fungsi baru dalam plastik biodegradable selain gugus fungsi bahan pembentuknya. Pada uji biodegradabilitas, diperoleh nilai biodegradabilitas sebesar 80% – 100% setelah ditimbun di dalam tanah selama 14 hari.Nata de coco waste is nata that cannot be used as a product after the sorting process so that it produces solid waste and is rarely utilized. The cellulose content in nata de coco solid waste is 42.57%, the purpose of this study is to make biodegradable plastic with the results of nata de coco waste by adding plasticizers. The method used in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics is the phase inversion method with cellulose weight variation; 2%; 2.5%; and 3% (w / v), variations in the volume of glycerol by 2%, 3%, and 5% (v/v), and the addition of chitosan as an amplifier. The biodegradable plastic characteristics were tested using UTM (Universal Testing Machine) and FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Biodegradable plastics that are produced from various weight cellulose and glycerol volume ratios have different characteristics. Biodegradable plastic with optimal characteristics has an optimal tensile strength value of 4.34 MPa, optimal elongation value of 4.44% and an optimal water resistance value of 65.20%. In the analysis of functional groups (FTIR) no new functional groups were found in biodegradable plastics in addition to the functional groups forming materials. In the biodegradability test, a biodegradability value of 80% - 100% is obtained after being buried in the ground for 14 days.


2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gboyega Oluwaseun Oyeleke ◽  
Ibraheem Abimbade Abdulazeez ◽  
Ajisola Agnes Adebisi ◽  
Kehinde Nasiru Oyekanmi ◽  
Segun Olaitan Akinbode

Three solvents of different polarities (water, methanol and 1% NaOHsolution) were used to extract dyes that produced different shades fromdried sunflower (Helianthus annuus) petal. The extraction proceduresusing different solvent types were carried out separately. The dye extractswere thereafter subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry(FT-IR) analysis for characterization in terms of functional groups. Theintensities of the extracted dyes on the shade of colours obtained on piecesof cotton material varied from yellow in methanolic extract to light yellowin aqueous and black in 1% NaOH solution extracts. The results obtainedfrom the FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of several useful functionalgroups such as N-H, C=H, O-H and C=O in the extracts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Mona Alis Md. Yasser ◽  
Zaidi Embong ◽  
Erween Abdul Rahim ◽  
Amiril Sahab Abdullah Sani ◽  
Kamaruddin Kamdani

This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) technique by using Modified Jatropha Oil (MJO) bio-based lubricant with the presence of 10% Ammonium Ionic Liquid (MJO+AIL10%) and 1% Phosphonium Ionic Liquid (MJO+PIL1%) additives respectively at various temperature of 200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C heat treatment to determine the ability to exhibit corrosion and wear throughout the process. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed prominent peaks of functional groups in these bio-lubricants; esters (C-O) and (C=O), alkanes (C-H), hydroxide (O-H), and nitrile groups deposited on the cutting tool surface. Initially, nitrile group is detected on cutting tool surface without lubricants at 2200 to 2300 absorption band reduced to lower intensity and most likely concealed by MJO+AIL10% compared to MJO+PIL1% where the nitrile group remains reflected in FTIR spectrum. In this work, it is proved that MJO+AIL10% has higher viscosity as compared to MJO+PIL1%. in the context of functional groups and supported the previous study on MJO+AIL10% as corrosion inhibitor.


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