Extraction of Dyes from Sunflower Petal and Their Fourier Transform Infrared Characterization

Three solvents of different polarities (water, methanol and 1% NaOHsolution) were used to extract dyes that produced different shades fromdried sunflower (Helianthus annuus) petal. The extraction proceduresusing different solvent types were carried out separately. The dye extractswere thereafter subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry(FT-IR) analysis for characterization in terms of functional groups. Theintensities of the extracted dyes on the shade of colours obtained on piecesof cotton material varied from yellow in methanolic extract to light yellowin aqueous and black in 1% NaOH solution extracts. The results obtainedfrom the FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of several useful functionalgroups such as N-H, C=H, O-H and C=O in the extracts.

Research on Relationships between the Pigment of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Frescoes and Ecological Microorganism

Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is one of the largest art treasures in the world. She has a large number of murals, sculptures, beautiful and vivid; There are precious Buddhist scriptures, documents, noble and elegant. Spanning more than 1,600 years, the Mogao Grottoes show the world the extensive and profound Chinese culture with a long history. But over time, the murals in the Mogao Grottoes have also changed a lot. Thousands of years of wind and rain erosion, changes in the surrounding environment, and the influence of various biological communities have caused serious color changes and fading of murals in Mogao Grottoes. To slow down the color change of Dunhuang frescoes, protection measures should be taken from the perspective of ecological microorganisms. At present, Cladosporium, Planococcus, Phoma, Chaetomium, and other strains have caused serious discoloration or discoloration of murals to a certain extent. This paper studies the main color of Dunhuang frescoes, red, and summarizes the discoloration factors and mechanism of red lead. On this level, one should try to keep the murals and control the indoor temperature. Humidity, people, and other factors slow the fading of the murals. But these are often insufficient to protect the integrity of the murals, so we have conducted a review of the literature to provide an updated overview of the available evidence on the subject.

Study of Hydrophilic Properties of Polysaccharides

In this research, the structural characteristics, specific surface area, sorption of water vapor, and wetting enthalpy of various polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicelluloses, starch, pectin, chitin, and chitosan) have been studied. It was confirmed that crystallites are inaccessible for water, and therefore water molecules can interact only with polar groups in noncrystalline (amorphous) domains of biopolymers. The isotherms of water vapor sorption for various polysaccharides had sigmoid shapes, which can be explained by the absorption of water molecules in heterogeneous amorphous domains having clusters with different packing densities. The method of contributions of polar groups to sorption of water molecules was used, which allowed to derivate a simple calculating equation to describe the shape of sorption isotherms. The wetting of biopolymers with water was accompanied by a high exothermic thermal effect, in direct proportion to the amorphicity degree. The sorption values and wetting enthalpies of amorphous domains of biopolymers were calculated, which allowed to find the hydrophilicity index and compare the hydrophilicity of the various polysaccharides.

An insight into the polymeric structures in Asian Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn)

Palmyra Palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn) is a native tree with various ecological, medicinal, economic, and sociological benefits from Asian countries. Palmyra Palm tree-based self-reliant lifestyle and Eco-friendly community living which leads to sustainable development can be called as palmyraculture. For each component, it is the most beneficial species that has economic and medicinal value that could sustain adverse climatic conditions and resist natural calamities. Non-edible, edible, and value add-based uses could be widely categorized into the utility of the plant. Palmyra palm tree is working like a non-stop biochemical factory, creates sugars and many other useful chemicals. They also produce many useful polymeric compounds such as pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, galactomannan, pentosan, polyphenols, and lignin. The current review gives an insight into the structural, biological and polymeric elements of Asian palmyra. .

Allyl glycidyl ether-modified animal glue binder for improved water resistance and bonding strength in sand casting

This paper aims to develop a modified animal glue sand binder for foundry casting with improved water resistance and bonding strength. An efficient method is reported by using sodium hydroxide as the catalyst to improve the operability of animal glue binder and allyl glycidyl ether as the modifier to improve the water resistance and bonding strength. Sand specimens prepared using allyl glycidyl ether-modified animal glue binder were cured by compressed air at room temperature. The proposed method saves energy and is environmentally friendly and inexpensive. Compared with unmodified animal glue binder, standard dog bone sand specimens with allyl glycidyl ether-modified animal glue binder had higher tensile strength of 2.58 MPa, flowability of 1.95 g, better water resistance (a lower decrease in tensile strength at 25 °C and relative humidity of 60%), and good collapsibility. This allyl glycidyl ether-modified animal glue binder is suitable for practical application in the foundry industry.

Chemical Mesoscopics Notions in the Explanation of Polymeric Materials Modification Mechanism with Participation of Metal Carbon Mesocomposites

The paper is dedicated to the consideration of the chemical mesoscopics notions application for the explanation of polymeric materials modification mechanism by the metal carbon mesoscopic composites. The main peculiarities of these nanosized particles are following: a) the presence of unpaired electrons on the carbon cover; b) the structure of carbon cover consists from poly acetylene and carbine fragments; c) the atomic magnetic moment of inner metal is equaled to more than 1,3 μB. The creation of reactive mesoscopic materials with regulated magnetic characteristics which can find the application as modifiers of materials properties is very topical. The present investigation has fundamental character. It’s based on the ideas concerning to the metal carbon mesocomposites reactivity depending on the medium and conditions influence because of the possible changes of the phase coherency and quantization of negative charges.

Physicochemical Properties of Gum Arabic

Gum Arabic is harvested commercially from wild trees throughout the Sahel from Senegal and Sudan to Somalia and in the northern part of Nigeria. Clumps of gum Arabic were collected and dirt particles were removed, the samples were dried and grounded to fine powder. The Physicochemical properties of gum Arabic was determined using standard methods and the values obtained showed; Moisture content 6.9% ± 5, Soluble content 90.6%, Viscosity 5.45 ± 3Ns/m2, Ash content 3.2 ± 4%, Zinc 3mg/kg, Iron 41mg/kg ± 5, Manganese 48.2mg/kg ± 5 and Copper 33.3mg/kg ± 2. The gum also contains carbohydrate 0.3ppm ± 2, protein 0.75ppm ± 2, starch 0.0076 ± 10 and nitrogen 0.12ppm ± 5. It was observed that the gum does not contain cadmium and nickel.

An Inquiry into the Application and Preparation of Surfactant in Oil Field

As a commonly used chemical agent, surfactant is used to improve the efficiency of oil-and-gas exploitation. Since the conventional surfactant technology fails to meet the requirements of oil-and-gas resources exploitation currently, this paper deeply researches on the studies of cutting-edge technology of oil-and-gas exploitation, and learns the advanced experience from foreign countries. It aims to point out that the needs of China’s demand for oil-and-gas exploitation can be met with through technology innovation, preparation methods improvement and key technology mastery of surfactant in oil field.

Study on Microstructure and Properties of Pure Ti flat Wire

The titanium round wires could be prepared to the high precision flat wireswith the sizes of 0.63mm×5.03mm by nine-pass cold continuous rollingprocess.Mechanical property and metallograph analysis were used to analyze the possibilities of preparing flat wire. Results show that the grain keptequiaxed grain in the rolling processes,and a large number of dislocationand a small amount of twin existed in the microstructure of final rollingflat wire.During the whole rolling processes, when the accumulated rollingdeformation degree was at low degree, the deformation of titanium wascontrolled under the mutual control of dislocation slip and twinning. Whenthe accumulated rolling deformation degree was at high degree, the deformation of titanium was controlled by the dislocation slip.

Investigation of Wooden Beam Behaviors Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Wood material can be demolished over time due to different environmental factors. Structural elements may need to be strengthened over time as a result of possible natural disasters or during use. Beams are elements under load in the direction perpendicular to their axes. Therefore, they are basically under the effect of bending. When the studies on the behavior of beams against bending test are examined, it is known that the bottom surface of the material generally breaks. For this reason, fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) materials have been used in recent years to reinforce beam members. It is a scientific fact that it is necessary to prefer FRPs for the solution of this problem, as well as their properties such as lightness, corrosion and flexibility, their application without disrupting the appearance of wood.In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of reinforcing wooden beams with fiber reinforced polymer materials with different properties on different bending behaviors such as load bearing capacity, ductility, modulus of elasticity. It was observed that the ductility and bearing capacity of wooden beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer materials increased significantly compared to non-reinforced beams.