scholarly journals Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization: How to Improve Biocompatibility and Cellular Internalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro Sanità ◽  
Barbara Carrese ◽  
Annalisa Lamberti
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cellular Internalization ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Nanoparticle Surface ◽  
Physico Chemical

The use of nanoparticles (NP) in diagnosis and treatment of many human diseases, including cancer, is of increasing interest. However, cytotoxic effects of NPs on cells and the uptake efficiency significantly limit their use in clinical practice. The physico-chemical properties of NPs including surface composition, superficial charge, size and shape are considered the key factors that affect the biocompatibility and uptake efficiency of these nanoplatforms. Thanks to the possibility of modifying physico-chemical properties of NPs, it is possible to improve their biocompatibility and uptake efficiency through the functionalization of the NP surface. In this review, we summarize some of the most recent studies in which NP surface modification enhances biocompatibility and uptake. Furthermore, the most used techniques used to assess biocompatibility and uptake are also reported.

scholarly journals Health Concerns of Various Nanoparticles: A Review of Their in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marziyeh Ajdary ◽  
Mohammad Moosavi ◽  
Marveh Rahmati ◽  
Mojtaba Falahati ◽  
Mohammad Mahboubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Physico Chemical

Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used in diagnosis and treatment of many human diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, cytotoxic effects of NPs on normal cells and living organs is a severe limiting factor that hinders their use in clinic. In addition, diversity of NPs and their physico-chemical properties, including particle size, shape, surface area, dispersity and protein corona effects are considered as key factors that have a crucial impact on their safe or toxicological behaviors. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs are aimed to identify the targets and mechanisms of their side effects, with a focus on elucidating the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in both in vitro and in vitro models. NPs can enter the body through inhalation, skin and digestive routes. Consequently, there is a need for reliable information about effects of NPs on various organs in order to reveal their efficacy and impact on health. This review covers the existing knowledge base on the subject that hopefully prepares us better to address these challenges.

scholarly journals Size and surface modification of silica nanoparticles affect the severity of lung toxicity by modulating endosomal ROS generation in macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahide Inoue ◽  
Koji Sakamoto ◽  
Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
Shinya Nakai ◽  
Akira Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Neutrophilic Infiltration ◽  
Silica Nanomaterials ◽  
Physico Chemical

Abstract Background As the application of silica nanomaterials continues to expand, increasing chances of its exposure to the human body and potential harm are anticipated. Although the toxicity of silica nanomaterials is assumed to be affected by their physio-chemical properties, including size and surface functionalization, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that analysis of intracellular localization of the particles and subsequent intracellular signaling could reveal a novel determinant of inflammatory response against silica particles with different physico-chemical properties. Results We employed a murine intratracheal instillation model of amorphous silica nanoparticles (NPs) exposure to compare their in vivo toxicities in the respiratory system. Pristine silica-NPs of 50 nm diameters (50 nm-plain) induced airway-centered lung injury with marked neutrophilic infiltration. By contrast, instillation of pristine silica particles of a larger diameter (3 μm; 3 μm-plain) significantly reduced the severity of lung injury and neutrophilic infiltration, possibly through attenuated induction of neutrophil chemotactic chemokines including MIP2. Ex vivo analysis of alveolar macrophages as well as in vitro assessment using RAW264.7 cells revealed a remarkably lower cellular uptake of 3 μm-plain particles compared with 50 nm-plain, which is assumed to be the underlying mechanism of attenuated immune response. The severity of lung injury and neutrophilic infiltration was also significantly reduced after intratracheal instillation of silica NPs with an amine surface modification (50 nm-NH2) when compared with 50 nm-plain. Despite unchanged efficacy in cellular uptake, treatment with 50 nm-NH2 induced a significantly attenuated immune response in RAW264.7 cells. Assessment of intracellular redox signaling revealed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endosomal compartments of RAW264.7 cells treated with 50 nm-plain when compared with vehicle-treated control. In contrast, augmentation of endosomal ROS signals in cells treated with 50 nm-NH2 was significantly lower. Moreover, selective inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) was sufficient to inhibit endosomal ROS bursts and induction of chemokine expressions in cells treated with silica NPs, suggesting the central role of endosomal ROS generated by NOX2 in the regulation of the inflammatory response in macrophages that endocytosed silica NPs. Conclusions Our murine model suggested that the pulmonary toxicity of silica NPs depended on their physico-chemical properties through distinct mechanisms. Cellular uptake of larger particles by macrophages decreased, while surface amine modification modulated endosomal ROS signaling via NOX2, both of which are assumed to be involved in mitigating immune response in macrophages and resulting lung injury.

Physical Chemistry of the Interface between Attached Micro-Organisms and Their Support

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Rouxhet ◽  
N. Mozes
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dlvo Theory ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymer Molecules ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Micro Organisms

The thermodynamic approach of adhesion and DLVO theory are complementary to predict initial bacterial adhesion; the interplay between short- and long-range forces, respectively, may be due to surface roughness. Due to the influence of electrical double layer interactions, adhesion can be promoted by treatments leading to modification of the cell or support surface properties. Adhesion is influenced by cell-cell interactions, by the cpresence of polymer molecules on the surface and by the composition of the medium. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy can be applied to determine the elemental composition of the surface of microorganisms; some information on the chemical functions can also be obtained. The surface composition is related to physico-chemical properties which play a determining role in adhesion and flocculation, in particular the hydrophobicity and the zeta potential.

Physico-chemical properties and cytotoxic effects of sugar-based surfactants: Impact of structural variations

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Lu ◽  
Muriel Vayssade ◽  
Yong Miao ◽  
Vincent Chagnault ◽  
Eric Grand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Effect of photoionized plasma and EUV induced surface modification on physico-chemical properties and cytocompatibility of PLLA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Czwartos ◽  
B. Budner ◽  
A. Bartnik ◽  
W. Kasprzycka ◽  
H. Fiedorowicz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Photoionized Plasma

scholarly journals Surface modification of biomaterials using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lu ◽  
Yuqin Qiao ◽  
Xuanyong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation ◽  
Cardiovascular Implants ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Although remarkable progress has been made on biomaterial research, the ideal biomaterial that satisfies all the technical requirements and biological functions is not available up to now. Surface modification seems to be a more economic and efficient way to adjust existing conventional biomaterials to meet the current and ever-evolving clinical needs. From an industrial perspective, plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D) is an attractive method for biomaterials owing to its capability of treating objects with irregular shapes, as well as the control of coating composition. It is well acknowledged that the physico-chemical characteristics of biomaterials are the decisive factors greatly affecting the biological responses of biomaterials including bioactivity, haemocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Here, we mainly review the recent advances in surface modification of biomaterials via PIII&D technology, especially titanium alloys and polymers used for orthopaedic, dental and cardiovascular implants. Moreover, the variations of biological performances depending on the physico-chemical properties of modified biomaterials will be discussed.

scholarly journals PCDD/F removal at low temperatures over Vanadium-based catalyst: insight into the superiority of mechanochemical method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghui Tang ◽  
Qiulin Ye ◽  
Cuicui Du ◽  
Yaqi Peng ◽  
Chengetai Portia Makwarimba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mechanochemical Method ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Stable Source ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The high toxicity and low volatility of PCDD/Fs prevent detailed study of their catalytic degradation removal characteristics. In this study, firstly, 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCBz) was initially used as a model to investigate the catalytic characteristics of various vanadium-based catalysts prepared by different methods. Then, the optimized catalyst was used for catalytic degradation of real PCDD/Fs at low-temperatures based on a self-made stable source. The VOx/TiO2 catalysts synthesized by the mechanochemical method (VTi-MC2) had a higher 1,2-DCBz removal efficiency (> 85%) and stability (> 420 min) at low temperatures (< 200 oC) compared to VTi-SG (sol-gol method) and VTi-WI (wetness impregnation method). The physico-chemical properties of catalysts were studied using comprehensive characterization. It was found that the VTi-MC2 has better VOx species distribution and possesses the highest V5+ species and surface adsorbed oxygen content, which are the key factors contributed to the higher removal efficiency. Accordingly, the mechanochemical method can be used to control the physico-chemical properties of catalyst by adjusting the milling parameters. The optimum ball-milling time is 2 h and the suitable precursor is NH4VO3 for VOx/TiO2. Moreover, the removal efficiency of gas phase PCDD/Fs catalyzed by VTi-MC2 is 97% within a temperature range below 200 ℃, and the catalytic degradation of PCDD/Fs surges to 50%, which is higher than those reported research. In general, the mechanochemical strategy reported provides a means for seeking more efficient catalysts used for low-temperature degradation of various trace organic pollutants.

scholarly journals A hybrid additive manufacturing platform to create bulk and surface composition gradients on scaffolds for tissue regeneration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Sinha ◽  
Maria Cámara-Torres ◽  
Paolo Scopece ◽  
Emanuele Verga Falzacappa ◽  
Alessandro Patelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Manufacturing Platform ◽  
Composition Gradients ◽  
Dual Material ◽  
Discrete Gradients

Abstract Scaffolds with gradients of physico-chemical properties and controlled 3D architectures are crucial for engineering complex tissues. These can be produced using multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. However, they typically only achieve discrete gradients using separate printheads to vary compositions. Achieving continuous composition gradients, to better mimic tissues, requires material dosing and mixing controls. No such AM solution exists for most biomaterials. Existing AM techniques also cannot selectively modify scaffold surfaces to locally stimulate cell adhesion. A hybrid AM solution to cover these needs is reported here. A novel dosing- and mixing-enabled, dual-material printhead and an atmospheric pressure plasma jet to selectively activate/coat scaffold filaments during manufacturing were combined on one platform. Continuous composition gradients in both 2D hydrogels and 3D thermoplastic scaffolds were fabricated. An improvement in mechanical properties of continuous gradients compared to discrete gradients in the 3D scaffolds, and the ability to selectively enhance cell adhesion were demonstrated.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactose Pseudopolymorphic Transition on the Aerosolization Performance of Drug/Carrier Mixtures

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Della Bella ◽  
Michele Müller ◽  
Andrea Danani ◽  
Luciano Soldati ◽  
Ruggero Bettini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Dry Powder Inhaler ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Anhydrous Lactose ◽  
Positive Effect

Physico-chemical properties of lactose are key factors in adhesive mixtures used as dry powder inhaler (DPI). Despite the abundant literature on this topic, the effect of the polymorphism and pseudo-polymorphism of lactose has been seldom investigated and discussed although often lactose used in DPI is subjected to unit operations, which may alter its solid-state properties. Here, we studied the aerosolization performance of salbutamol sulphate (SS) or budesonide (BUD) formulations by investigating the effect of lactose pseudopolymorphism in ternary (coarse lactose/fine lactose/drug) and binary (coarse lactose/drug) mixtures. An improvement of the aerosolization performance of SS formulations with the increase of the amount of fine micronized lactose up to 30% (fine particle fraction (FPF) = 57%) was observed. Micronized lactose contained hygroscopic anhydrous α-lactose, which converted to α-lactose monohydrate at ambient conditions. This implied that the positive effect of fines on the aerosolization performance decreased and eventually disappeared with the formulation aging. Positive effect on SS deposition was observed also with binary mixtures with anhydrous lactose, whereas the opposite occurred with budesonide-containing formulations. The collected data demonstrated the crucial role of the carrier crystal form on the positive effect of fines on the deposition.

scholarly journals A hybrid additive manufacturing platform to create bulk and surface composition gradients on scaffolds for tissue regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Sinha ◽  
Maria Cámara-Torres ◽  
Paolo Scopece ◽  
Emanuele Verga Falzacappa ◽  
Alessandro Patelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Manufacturing Platform ◽  
Composition Gradients ◽  
Dual Material ◽  
Discrete Gradients

AbstractScaffolds with gradients of physico-chemical properties and controlled 3D architectures are crucial for engineering complex tissues. These can be produced using multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. However, they typically only achieve discrete gradients using separate printheads to vary compositions. Achieving continuous composition gradients, to better mimic tissues, requires material dosing and mixing controls. No such AM solution exists for most biomaterials. Existing AM techniques also cannot selectively modify scaffold surfaces to locally stimulate cell adhesion. A hybrid AM solution to cover these needs is reported here. A dosing- and mixing-enabled, dual-material printhead and an atmospheric pressure plasma jet to selectively activate/coat scaffold filaments during manufacturing were combined on one platform. Continuous composition gradients in both 2D hydrogels and 3D thermoplastic scaffolds were fabricated. An improvement in mechanical properties of continuous gradients compared to discrete gradients in the 3D scaffolds, and the ability to selectively enhance cell adhesion were demonstrated.

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