Effect of Lactose Pseudopolymorphic Transition on the Aerosolization Performance of Drug/Carrier Mixtures

Physico-chemical properties of lactose are key factors in adhesive mixtures used as dry powder inhaler (DPI). Despite the abundant literature on this topic, the effect of the polymorphism and pseudo-polymorphism of lactose has been seldom investigated and discussed although often lactose used in DPI is subjected to unit operations, which may alter its solid-state properties. Here, we studied the aerosolization performance of salbutamol sulphate (SS) or budesonide (BUD) formulations by investigating the effect of lactose pseudopolymorphism in ternary (coarse lactose/fine lactose/drug) and binary (coarse lactose/drug) mixtures. An improvement of the aerosolization performance of SS formulations with the increase of the amount of fine micronized lactose up to 30% (fine particle fraction (FPF) = 57%) was observed. Micronized lactose contained hygroscopic anhydrous α-lactose, which converted to α-lactose monohydrate at ambient conditions. This implied that the positive effect of fines on the aerosolization performance decreased and eventually disappeared with the formulation aging. Positive effect on SS deposition was observed also with binary mixtures with anhydrous lactose, whereas the opposite occurred with budesonide-containing formulations. The collected data demonstrated the crucial role of the carrier crystal form on the positive effect of fines on the deposition.

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Amorphous and Crystalline Particulates: Challenges and Perspectives in Drug Delivery

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612822666161107162109 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 350-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hisham Al-Obaidi ◽

Mridul Majumder ◽

Fiza Bari

Keyword(s):

Crystal Engineering ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

Solid Dispersions ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Pharmaceutical Product ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Amorphous Form ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Water Soluble Drugs ◽

Amorphous Drug

Crystalline and amorphous dispersions have been the focus of academic and industrial research due to their potential role in formulating poorly water-soluble drugs. This review looks at the progress made starting with crystalline carriers in the form of eutectics moving towards more complex crystalline mixtures. It also covers using glassy polymers to maintain the drug as amorphous exhibiting higher energy and entropy. However, the amorphous form tends to recrystallize on storage, which limits the benefits of this approach. Specific interactions between the drug and the polymer may retard this spontaneous conversion of the amorphous drug. Some studies have shown that it is possible to maintain the drug in the amorphous form for extended periods of time. For the drug and the polymer to form a stable mixture they have to be miscible on a molecular basis. Another form of solid dispersions is pharmaceutical co-crystals, for which research has focused on understanding the chemistry, crystal engineering and physico-chemical properties. USFDA has issued a guidance in April 2013 suggesting that the co-crystals as a pharmaceutical product may be a reality; but just not yet! While some of the research is still oriented towards application of these carriers, understanding the mechanism by which drug-carrier miscibility occurs is also covered. Within this context is the use of thermodynamic models such as Flory-Huggins model with some examples of studies used to predict miscibility.

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Cell Behavior of Primary Fibroblasts and Osteoblasts on Plasma-Treated Fluorinated Polymer Coated with Honeycomb Polystyrene

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14040889 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 889

Author(s):

Klára Fajstavrová ◽

Silvie Rimpelová ◽

Dominik Fajstavr ◽

Václav Švorčík ◽

Petr Slepička

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Plasma Exposure ◽

Research Teams ◽

Polymer Substrates ◽

Substrate Activation ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Polystyrene Solution ◽

Primary Fibroblasts ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

The development of new biocompatible polymer substrates is still of interest to many research teams. We aimed to combine a plasma treatment of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) substrate with a technique of improved phase separation. Plasma exposure served for substrate activation and modification of surface properties, such as roughness, chemistry, and wettability. The treated FEP substrate was applied for the growth of a honeycomb-like pattern from polystyrene solution. The properties of the pattern strongly depended on the primary plasma exposure of the FEP substrate. The physico-chemical properties such as changes of the surface chemistry, wettability, and morphology of the prepared pattern were determined. The cell response of primary fibroblasts and osteoblasts was studied on a honeycomb pattern. The prepared honeycomb-like pattern from polystyrene showed an increase in cell viability and a positive effect on cell adhesion and proliferation for both primary fibroblasts and osteoblasts.

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The Effect of Chitosan on the Chemical Structure, Morphology, and Selected Properties of Polyurethane/Chitosan Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12051205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1205

Author(s):

Agnieszka Piotrowska-Kirschling ◽

Joanna Brzeska

Keyword(s):

Chemical Structure ◽

Materials Science ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Materials Synthesis ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Structure Morphology ◽

Basic Parameters ◽

Properties Of Materials ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

Materials science is an interdisciplinary area of studies. This science focuses on the influence of the physico-chemical properties of materials on their application in human everyday lives. The materials’ synthesis should be developed in accordance with sustainable development. Polyurethanes (PUR) represent a significant consumption of plastic in the world. Modification of PUR, e.g., with polysaccharide of natural origin (chitosan, Chit), should have a positive effect on their functional properties and degradability in the natural environment. The basic parameters affecting the scope and direction of changes are the size and quantity of the chitosan particles. The impact assessment of chitosan on the chemical structure, morphology, thermal properties, crystallinity, mechanical properties, flammability, water sorption, adsorption properties, degradability, and biological activity of PUR/Chit composites (without other additives) is discussed in this article. To the best of our knowledge, recent literature does not contain a study discussing the direct impact of the presence of chitosan in the structure of PUR/Chit composite on its properties, regardless of the intended uses. This paper provides an overview of publications, which presents the results of a study on the effect of adding chitosan in polyurethane/chitosan composites without other additives on the properties of polyurethane.

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D-Tagatose as a Sucrose Substitute and Its Effect on the Physico-Chemical Properties and Acceptability of Strawberry-Flavored Yogurt

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8070256 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 256 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Torrico ◽

Tam ◽

Fuentes ◽

Viejo ◽

Dunshea

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Purchase Intent ◽

Sensory Acceptability ◽

Marginal Effects ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Red Color ◽

Water Holding ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Quality And Shelf Life

Sugar not only provides the desirable sweetness but its reduction can also alter the physico-chemical properties of foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tagatose as a sugar substitute on selected physico-chemical properties and sensory acceptability of strawberry-flavored yogurts. Six yogurt samples with decreasing concentrations of sucrose (8.50 to 1.70 g/100 g) and increasing concentrations of tagatose (0.00 to 9.24 g/100 g) were evaluated. Physico-chemical tests (pH, lactic acid (%), °Brix, water-holding capacity (WHC), viscosity, and color) were conducted to examine the quality and shelf-life of yogurts during 28 days of storage at 4 °C. An acceptability test (n = 55) was conducted to evaluate the sensory characteristics of yogurts. Sucrose reductions by the replacement of up to 80% tagatose showed marginal effects on the selected physico-chemical properties; however, the loss of red color (a*) and increase in yellowness (b*) of the tagatose-substituted samples were significant. Strawberry yogurts with tagatose replacements had similar acceptability scores for all attributes. Sucrose reduction showed a positive effect on the purchase intent of the strawberry yogurts (an increase of 3–30%). These findings can be used to understand the effects of tagatose/sucrose formulations on the acceptability and physico-chemical properties of yogurts.

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Health Concerns of Various Nanoparticles: A Review of Their in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano8090634 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 634 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Marziyeh Ajdary ◽

Mohammad Moosavi ◽

Marveh Rahmati ◽

Mojtaba Falahati ◽

Mohammad Mahboubi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Protein Corona ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

The Body ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Key Factors ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Physico Chemical

Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used in diagnosis and treatment of many human diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, cytotoxic effects of NPs on normal cells and living organs is a severe limiting factor that hinders their use in clinic. In addition, diversity of NPs and their physico-chemical properties, including particle size, shape, surface area, dispersity and protein corona effects are considered as key factors that have a crucial impact on their safe or toxicological behaviors. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs are aimed to identify the targets and mechanisms of their side effects, with a focus on elucidating the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in both in vitro and in vitro models. NPs can enter the body through inhalation, skin and digestive routes. Consequently, there is a need for reliable information about effects of NPs on various organs in order to reveal their efficacy and impact on health. This review covers the existing knowledge base on the subject that hopefully prepares us better to address these challenges.

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PCDD/F removal at low temperatures over Vanadium-based catalyst: insight into the superiority of mechanochemical method

10.21203/rs.3.rs-463575/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Minghui Tang ◽

Qiulin Ye ◽

Cuicui Du ◽

Yaqi Peng ◽

Chengetai Portia Makwarimba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Catalytic Degradation ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Key Factors ◽

Mechanochemical Method ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Stable Source ◽

Insight Into

Abstract The high toxicity and low volatility of PCDD/Fs prevent detailed study of their catalytic degradation removal characteristics. In this study, firstly, 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCBz) was initially used as a model to investigate the catalytic characteristics of various vanadium-based catalysts prepared by different methods. Then, the optimized catalyst was used for catalytic degradation of real PCDD/Fs at low-temperatures based on a self-made stable source. The VOx/TiO2 catalysts synthesized by the mechanochemical method (VTi-MC2) had a higher 1,2-DCBz removal efficiency (> 85%) and stability (> 420 min) at low temperatures (< 200 oC) compared to VTi-SG (sol-gol method) and VTi-WI (wetness impregnation method). The physico-chemical properties of catalysts were studied using comprehensive characterization. It was found that the VTi-MC2 has better VOx species distribution and possesses the highest V5+ species and surface adsorbed oxygen content, which are the key factors contributed to the higher removal efficiency. Accordingly, the mechanochemical method can be used to control the physico-chemical properties of catalyst by adjusting the milling parameters. The optimum ball-milling time is 2 h and the suitable precursor is NH4VO3 for VOx/TiO2. Moreover, the removal efficiency of gas phase PCDD/Fs catalyzed by VTi-MC2 is 97% within a temperature range below 200 ℃, and the catalytic degradation of PCDD/Fs surges to 50%, which is higher than those reported research. In general, the mechanochemical strategy reported provides a means for seeking more efficient catalysts used for low-temperature degradation of various trace organic pollutants.

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Investigation of the effect of depressor additives on the rheological properties of oil

The Journal of Almaty Technological University ◽

10.48184/2304-568x-2020-3-104-107 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104-107

Author(s):

A. Sh. Zainullina ◽

A. Zh. Arystan

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Pour Point ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Oil Fields ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Positive Effect

The article is devoted to the study of physico-chemical properties of oil fields Uzen, Kenkiyak, Martyshi and study the effect of depressor additives on the rheological properties of oil fields Uzen. The main analyses of oil were carried out, including the content of paraffins, viscosity, pour point. Depressor additives of brands were used during the research MR-1055/980, Deprop 4125, WX 161. It is established that the effect of depressor additives on oil has a positive effect on their physical and chemical characteristics.

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Effects of Processing on the Yield and Physico-Chemical Properties of Cassava Products

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.165 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18-19 ◽

pp. 165-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A.V. Ikujenlola ◽

Benjamin O. Opawale

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Unit Operations ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Precautionary Measures

Freshly harvested cassava(Manihot esculenta) roots were processed into selected products( gari, ‘pupuru’, ‘Lafun’, chips and starch) using unit operations such as peeling, washing, cutting, grating, dewatering(fermentation), smoking, granulated roasting(garifying), milling, packaging). The effects of processing on the yield and phsicochemical properties of the products were investigated. The results showed that peeling accounted for about 22% loss, grating and dewatering operations resulted in over 25% loss. Peeling, dewatering and various drying operations resulted in the detoxification of the products, also moisture contents and pH of the products were reduced. The final yields stood at 22.60%, 31.80%, 40.50%,50.60% and 57.20% for starch, gari, ‘pupuru’, ‘lafun’ and chips respectively. The protein contents of the products ranged between 1.60% and 2.80%. The moisture contents ranged between 8.50% and 10.60% for all the products. The processing operations affected the yield and the physico- chemical properties of the cassava products. Cassava processors should take precautionary measures to reduce wastage thereby increasing the yield and returns for their labour.

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Cytocompatibility of Polymethyl Methacrylate Honeycomb-like Pattern on Perfluorinated Polymer

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13213663 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 3663

Author(s):

Klaudia Hurtuková ◽

Veronika Juřicová ◽

Klára Fajstavrová ◽

Dominik Fajstavr ◽

Nikola Slepičková Kasálková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Chemistry ◽

Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Polymer Surface ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Lower Amount ◽

Polymer Scaffold ◽

Plasma Exposure ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Positive Effect

In this study, we present a simple approach for developing a biocompatible polymer scaffold with a honeycomb-like micropattern. We aimed to combine a plasma treatment of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) substrate with an improved phase separation technique. The plasma exposure served for modification of the polymer surface properties, such as roughness, surface chemistry, and wettability. The treated FEP substrate was applied for the growth of a honeycomb-like pattern from a solution of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The properties of the pattern were strongly dependent on the conditions of plasma exposure of the FEP substrate. The physico-chemical properties of the prepared pattern, such as changes in wettability, aging, morphology, and surface chemistry, were determined. Further, we have examined the cellular response of human osteoblasts (U-2 OS) on the modified substrates. The micropattern prepared with a selected combination of surface activation and amount of PMMA for honeycomb construction showed a positive effect on U-2 OS cell adhesion and proliferation. Samples with higher PMMA content (3 and 4 g) formed more periodic hexagonal structures on the surface compared to its lower amount (1 and 2 g), which led to a significant increase in the pattern cytocompatibility compared to pristine or plasma-treated FEP.

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The Use of Borax in Deterring Flash Setting of High Calcium Fly Ash Based Geopolymer

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.416 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 857 ◽

pp. 416-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Antoni ◽

Stephen Wibiatma Wijaya ◽

Juan Satria ◽

Agung Sugiarto ◽

Djwantoro Hardjito

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Setting Time ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

High Calcium ◽

High Calcium Fly Ash ◽

Positive Effect

Geopolymer that was made with high CaO content fly ash was found to have higher compressive strength than the low CaO fly ash, using the same mixture composition. This effect could be due to the physico-chemical properties of the fly ash, in respect to its particle size or the chemical composition. Although it was not widely published, the occurrence of flash setting of geopolymer was known to occur when using high CaO content fly ash as the precursor. Geopolymer paste may solidify within minutes after the addition of alkali activators, making it very difficult to cast in big volume. This paper investigate the effect of borax addition to the high calcium fly ash-based geopolymer mixture to reduce the occurrence of flash setting. It was found that the setting time can be extended significantly, with the addition of 5% borax, by mass, of fly ash. The addition of borax also have positive effect on increasing the compressive strength of geopolymer.

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