scholarly journals Higher Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels Are Associated With a Lower Risk of Cognitive Decline: A 2-Year Follow Up Study in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Fujiwara ◽  
Kazushige Ihara ◽  
Mitsugu Hachisu ◽  
Hiroyuki Suzuki ◽  
Hisashi Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Bottom Quartile ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Serum Bdnf

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels with the subsequent short-term decline in cognitive functioning in community-dwelling older adults.DesignTwo-year prospective, observational study.Setting and ParticipantsThe study included 405 adults aged 65–84 years, initially free of a dementia diagnosis who were living in Tokyo, Japan.MethodsParticipants underwent health assessments at baseline (2011) and follow-up (2013). Serum BDNF levels and scores from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese version (MoCA-J) were systematically measured. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of cognitive decline between baseline and follow-up assessments in the full MoCA-J scale (operationally defined as a decrease of two or more points), as well as in MoCA-J subscales (decline of one or more points in a specific subscale), as a function of serum BDNF level, adjusting for baseline demographics, prevalent chronic diseases, and baseline cognitive scores.ResultsAmong individuals who performed worse on the full MoCA-J at baseline (i.e., scores in the bottom quartile [≤21], which is consistent with a mild cognitive impairment status), but not among those who performed better (top 3 quartiles), those with highest baseline serum BDNF levels (top quartile) had lower odds of subsequent decline in the full MoCA-J scale than those with lowest (bottom quartile); i.e., odds ratio (OR): 0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.62; p = 0.013). Regarding MoCA-J subscales, adjusted odds of decline in the executive function subscale, but not in the other five subscales, were substantially low among those with highest baseline serum BDNF levels (top quartile), as compared to those with the lowest (bottom quartile), i.e., OR: 0.27 (95% CI:0.13–0.60; p < 0.001).Conclusion and ImplicationsHigher serum BDNF levels were associated with a lower risk of decline in cognitive function in a sample of community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Risk varied across cognitive subdomains and according to baseline cognition. This warrants further research to evaluate the added-value of serum BDNF in health promotion initiatives directed toward cognitive decline prevention in community-dwelling older adults.

scholarly journals Higher Serum BDNF Levels are Associated with Lower Risk of Cognitive Decline in Older Adults :The Otassha Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Fujiwara ◽  
Kazushige Ihara ◽  
Mitsugu Hachisu ◽  
Hiroyuki Suzuki ◽  
Hisashi Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Bottom Quartile ◽  
Disease Indicators ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Serum Bdnf

Abstract Introduction There has been growing interest in the use of circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the blood as a biomarker in the context of patients with Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. Prospective data on cognitive decline in the broad older population, however, remain limited. We assessed the relationship of serum BDNF levels with short-term decline in cognitive functioning of community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Prospective study of 405 adults 65-84 years old without dementia in Tokyo, Japan. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese version (MoCA-J) and its subscales were used. Linear regression assessed standardized differences in test score differences between baseline (2011) and follow-up (2013) visits, according to baseline serum BDNF quartiles, with adjustment for baseline demographics, disease indicators, and cognitive scores. Results Among participants who performed on the MoCA-J at baseline (scores in bottom quartile), cognitive decline was .65 (95% CI: .08 - 1.2; p=.025) standard deviations (SD) more pronounced in those with lowest than highest BDNF levels. Decline in executive function, but not in other subdomains, was also most pronounced in those with lowest baseline serum BDNF levels (difference: .32 SD; 95%CI: .08-.55; p=.007) Conclusion Lower serum BDNF levels were associated with greater 2-year cognitive decline in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Decline varied among cognitive subdomains, and baseline cognition. Research seeking to evaluate the added-value of serum BDNF for screening and/or health promotion initiatives involving physical activity, which has been linked to increment in BDNF levels, is warranted.

Associations between elevated growth differentiation factor-15 and sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miji Kim ◽  
Jeremy D Walston ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Prospective Analyses

Abstract Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is associated with disease progression, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mortality. Elevated GDF-15 level was recently reported to be associated with poorer physical performance in healthy adults. However, the association between serum GDF-15 level and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults has not been well characterized. Methods We conducted cross-sectional (n = 929) and two-year prospective analyses (n = 788) among participants aged 70–84 years enrolled in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Participants with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 were excluded. Appendicular lean mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia status was determined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia-2019 algorithm. Results At baseline, 16.6% of the participants had sarcopenia. Median GDF-15 concentration was higher in the sarcopenic group than in the non-sarcopenic group (1221 pg/mL vs. 1019 pg/mL, p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis adjusted for cardiometabolic risk and biological factors, the highest GDF-15 tertile (≥1245 pg/mL) had an increased likelihood of sarcopenia (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–3.33) than the lowest tertile (<885 pg/mL). During the two-year follow-up period, 67 (10.1%) individuals without sarcopenia at baseline developed sarcopenia. There were no significant associations between baseline serum GDF-15 levels and incident sarcopenia or its components (all p>0.05). Conclusions Elevated GDF-15 was associated with prevalent sarcopenia but not able to predict incident sarcopenia in the 2-year follow-up. Further studies are needed to explore the pathophysiological roles of GDF-15 in the development of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Association Between Urate-Lowering Therapies and Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the MAPT Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc MOLET-BENHAMOU ◽  
Kelly VIRECOULON GIUDICI ◽  
Philipe BARRETO ◽  
Yves ROLLAND
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Introduction Long-term use of urate-lowering therapies (ULT) may reduce inflammaging and thus prevent cognitive decline during aging. This article examined the association between long-term use of ULT and cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults with spontaneous memory complaints. Material and methods We performed a secondary observational analysis using data of 1,673 participants ≥ 70 years old from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT Study), a randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of a multidomain intervention, the administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), both, or placebo on cognitive decline. We compared cognitive decline during the 5-year follow-up between three groups according to ULT use: participants treated with ULT during at least 75% of the study period (PT ≥ 75; n = 51), less than 75% (PT < 75; n = 31), and non-treated participants (PNT; n = 1,591). Cognitive function (measured by a composite score) was assessed at baseline, 6 months and every year for 5 years. Linear mixed models were performed and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis of arterial hypertension or diabetes, baseline composite cognitive score, and MAPT intervention groups. Results After the 5-year follow-up, only non-treated participants presented a significant decline in the cognitive composite score (mean change − 0.173, 95%CI -0.212 to -0.135; p < 0.0001). However, there were no differences in change of the composite cognitive score between groups (adjusted between-group difference for PNT vs. PT < 75: 0.089, 95%CI -0.160 to 0.338, p = 0.484; PNT vs. PT ≥ 75: 0.174, 95%CI -0.042 to 0.391, p = 0.115). Conclusion Use of ULT was not associated with reduced cognitive decline over a 5-year follow-up among community-dwelling older adults at risk of dementia.

scholarly journals Forgiveness Interventions for Older Adults: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1866
Author(s):  
Javier López ◽  
Maria Inés Serrano ◽  
Isabel Giménez ◽  
Cristina Noriega
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Treatments ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of forgiveness interventions in older adults was conducted. International databases (Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for studies published from 1990 to 2020 that attempted to promote forgiveness in older adults. Most intervention studies are group treatments targeted towards community-dwelling older adults. Participants in these studies are mainly women. The intervention objectives and contents vary widely and often criteria are not well-defined. Participants that received forgiveness interventions reported significantly higher levels of forgiveness than participants that did not receive treatment. Additionally, forgiveness interventions resulted in more changes in depression, stress and anger than no intervention conditions. Forgiveness treatment also enhances positive states (satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, and psychological wellbeing). The reported effects are moderate. The specific treatment model (e.g., Enright’s, Worthington’s) and format (e.g., group-based interventions and individually delivered programs) do not differentially predict better outcomes. In conclusion, future intervention studies should include more male participants and utilize a broader range of follow-up periods. Caution must be exercised because of the limited number of studies developed to date; researchers must be cautious when generalizing the results.

scholarly journals Impact of Malnutrition Status on Muscle Parameter Changes over a 5-Year Follow-Up of Community-Dwelling Older Adults from the SarcoPhAge Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Laetitia Lengelé ◽  
Olivier Bruyère ◽  
Charlotte Beaudart ◽  
Jean-Yves Reginster ◽  
Médéa Locquet
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
P Values ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study aimed to assess the impact of malnutrition on the 5-year evolution of physical performance, muscle mass and muscle strength in participants from the SarcoPhAge cohort, consisting of community-dwelling older adults. The malnutrition status was assessed at baseline (T0) according to the “Global Leadership Initiatives on Malnutrition” (GLIM) criteria, and the muscle parameters were evaluated both at T0 and after five years of follow-up (T5). Lean mass, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry, handgrip dynamometry, the short physical performance battery test and the timed up and go test, respectively. Differences in muscle outcomes according to nutritional status were tested using Student’s t-test. The association between malnutrition and the relative 5-year change in the muscle parameters was tested using multiple linear regressions adjusted for several covariates. A total of 411 participants (mean age of 72.3 ± 6.1 years, 56% women) were included. Of them, 96 individuals (23%) were diagnosed with malnutrition at baseline. Their muscle parameters were significantly lower than those of the well-nourished patients both at baseline and after five years of follow-up (all p-values < 0.05), except for muscle strength in women at T5, which was not significantly lower in the presence of malnutrition. However, the 5-year changes in muscle parameters of malnourished individuals were not significantly different than those of well-nourished individuals (all p-values > 0.05).

Prospective Associations of Physical Frailty With Future Falls and Fear of Falling: A 48-Month Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Makino ◽  
S Lee ◽  
S Bae ◽  
I Chiba ◽  
K Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to examine the prospective associations of physical frailty with future falls and fear of falling (FOF) among community-dwelling older adults. Methods A prospective cohort study with a 48-month follow-up was conducted in a Japanese community. Participants were 2469 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older who completed baseline and follow-up assessments at intervals of 48±2 months. Primary outcomes were recent falls (defined as at least one fall within the past year) and FOF (determined by response to “Are you afraid of falling?”) at follow-up survey. Physical frailty, operationalized by the frailty phenotype (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, weight loss, and low activity) based on the criteria of the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS), was also assessed as a predictor of future falls and FOF. Results Multivariate logistic regression showed that pre-frailty or frailty increase the risk of not only future falls (OR: 1.57; 95%CI = 1.20-2.05) but also FOF (OR: 1.33; 95%CI = 1.05-1.69). In addition, the relationship between baseline frailty status and future falls remained significant after adjusting for baseline FOF (OR: 1.55; 95%CI = 1.19-2.02), and the relationship between baseline frailty status and future FOF also remained significant after adjusting for baseline falls (OR: 1.32; 95%CI = 1.04-1.68). Conclusions Frailty status may predict future falls and FOF among community-dwelling older adults. Strategies to prevent frailty may be beneficial to prevent not only future falls but also future FOF in a community setting. Impact Falls and FOF have a close relationship but a different clinical meaning. Older adults with physical frailty may require monitoring as high-risk not only for falls but also for FOF.

Effects of Aerobic, Resistance, or Combined Exercise Training Among Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Taeko Makino ◽  
Hiroyuki Umegaki ◽  
Masahiko Ando ◽  
Xian Wu Cheng ◽  
Koji Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Physical exercise is suggested to be effective for preventing cognitive decline in older adults, but the relative efficacy of different types of exercise have yet to be clarified. Objective: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the differential effects of aerobic exercise training (AT), resistance exercise training (RT), and combined exercise training (CT) on cognition in older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC). Methods: Community-dwelling older adults with SMC (n = 415; mean age = 72.3 years old) were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: AT, RT, CT, or control group. The study consisted of two phases: a 26-week intervention and a 26-week follow-up. The participants were evaluated at baseline, 26 weeks (postintervention), and 52 weeks (follow-up). The primary outcome of this study was memory function, which was assessed using the Logical Memory II subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) score. The secondary outcomes included global cognitive function, verbal fluency, working memory, processing speed, and executive functions. Results: Intention-to-treat analysis by a mixed-effect model repeated measure showed that the AT group had significantly improved performance on the WMS-R Logical Memory II test (2.74 [1.82–3.66] points) than the control group (1.36 [0.44–2.28] points) at the postintervention assessment (p = 0.037). The effect was more pronounced in those without amnesia than those with amnesia. No significant improvement was observed in the RT and CT groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that AT intervention can improve delayed memory in community-dwelling older adults, particularly in individuals without objective memory decline.

The Brief Odor Detection Test (B-ODT) for Very Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Decline: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Dimitra Savvoulidou ◽  
Efthymia Totikidou ◽  
Chariklia Varvesiotou ◽  
Magda Iakovidou ◽  
Ourania Sfakianaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Olfactory impairment in older adults is associated with cognitive decline. This study describes the development of a Brief Odor Detection Test (B-ODT), and its pilot administration in community-dwelling older adults. The study aimed at examining whether the test could differentiate older adults with very mild cognitive impairment from their cognitively healthy counterparts. The sample consisted of 34 older adults (22 women), aged from 65 to 87 years. Participants were divided into two groups according to their general cognitive functioning. Odor detection was measured via vanillin solutions at the following concentrations: 150 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 3 mg/L, and .03 mg/L. The first condition of the test involved a scale administration of vanillin solutions. The second condition examined the change in air odour and it required vanillin solution of 30 mg/L and a metric ruler of 30 cm. The examiner had to place the solution at a specific distance point from each nostril. Odour identification sensitivity was secondarily measured. The results showed statistically significant differences in odour detection threshold between the two groups. In the unirhinal testing, left nostril differences of the two groups were definite. Hence, the B-ODT seems a promising instrument for very early cognitive impairment screening in older adult population.

scholarly journals Body Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Before and After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Longitudinal Prospective Study in a Rural Village Struck by the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110477
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Del Brutto ◽  
Robertino M. Mera ◽  
Denisse A. Rumbea ◽  
Pedro Pérez ◽  
Bettsy Y. Recalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Information on the body composition of inhabitants of remote communities during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is limited. Using a longitudinal population-based study design, we assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in body composition. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults living in a rural Ecuadorian village received body composition determinations before and 1 year after the pandemic as well as serological tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The independent association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and abnormalities in body composition at follow-up was assessed by fitting linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Results: Of 327 enrolled individuals, 277 (85%) received baseline and follow-up body composition determinations, and 175 (63%) of them became SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Overall, diet and physical activity deteriorated during the follow-up. Multivariate random-effects generalized least squares regression models that included the impact of time and seropositivity on follow-up body composition, showed that neither variable contributed to a worsening in body composition. Multivariate logistic regression models disclosed that the serological status at follow-up cannot be predicted by differences in body composition and other baseline covariates. Conclusions: Study results suggest no increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among older adults with abnormal body composition and no significant changes as a result of worse physical activity and dietary habits or seropositivity during the length of the study. Together with a previous study in the same population that showed decrease in hand-grip strength after SARS-CoV-2, results confirm that dynapenia (and not sarcopenia) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults.

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