scholarly journals The Role of Virtual Reality in Screening, Diagnosing, and Rehabilitating Spatial Memory Deficits

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Jonson ◽  
Sinziana Avramescu ◽  
Derek Chen ◽  
Fahad Alam
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
The Road ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
On The Road

Impairment of spatial memory, including an inability to recall previous locations and navigate the world, is often one of the first signs of functional disability on the road to cognitive impairment. While there are many screening and diagnostic tools which attempt to measure spatial memory ability, they are often not representative of real-life situations and can therefore lack applicability. One potential solution to this problem involves the use of virtual reality (VR), which immerses individuals in a virtually-simulated environment, allowing for scenarios more representative of real-life without any of the associated risks. Here, we review the evidence surrounding the use of VR for the screening and diagnosis of spatial memory impairments, including potential limitations and how it compares to standard neuropsychological tests. We will also discuss the evidence regarding the potential use of VR in the rehabilitation of spatial memory deficits, which has not been well studied, but which could be game-changing if proven successful.

‘Real-life’ hippocampal-dependent spatial memory impairments in Huntington's disease

Cortex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifat Glikmann-Johnston ◽  
Anna M. Carmichael ◽  
Emily-Clare Mercieca ◽  
Julie C. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Memory Impairments

69. A new virtual reality task shows spatial memory impairments in epilepsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
I. León ◽  
L. Roldán-Tapia ◽  
R. Cánovas ◽  
J.M. Cimadevilla ◽  
P. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments

scholarly journals Design Method of ADAS for Urban Electric Vehicle Based on Virtual Prototyping

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jezierska-Krupa ◽  
Wojciech Skarka
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Virtual Prototyping ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
The Road ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Positive Effect

Since 2012, the Smart Power Team has been actively participating in the Shell Eco-marathon, which is a worldwide competition. From the very beginning, the team has been working to increase driver’s safety on the road by developing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. This paper presents unique method for designing ADAS systems in order to minimize the costs of the design phase and system implementation and, at the same time, to maximize the positive effect the system has on driver and vehicle safety. The described method is based on using virtual prototyping tool to simulate the system performance in real-life situations. This approach enabled an iterative design process, which resulted in reduction of errors with almost no prototyping and testing costs.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF MOST SIGNIFICANT FACTORS FOR ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
M. G. Solodkaya
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Road System

Traffic circulation on highways is a random process. Therefore automotive damage rate and, respectively, roads on which they are moving is subjected to regularities of random processes. Dynamic processes of vehicle-road interaction are determined to various extents by a host of factors that include road pavement evenness and characteristics of moving vehicles. For this reason the following task has been set: to reveal the most significant factors and mathematically correlate values of vehicle dynamic loads with a quality of road pavement and vehicle speed. Such task statement has not been solved adequately and this situation determines importance and novelty of the investigations in the given direction. While solving the mentioned task the investigations which have been carried out under real-life conditions and with the help of real-life objects are considered as the most reliable ones. However, preparation and execution of such experiments as needed significantly complicates their implementation. In this regard it looks rather expediential to combine a factorial experiment with the tests of a checked model while using ECM with stage-by-stage parameter fixation of working processes passing in “vehicle-road” system, comprehensive assessment pertaining to influence of the selected factors and selection of their optimum combination. Mathematical dependence has been obtained to evaluate influence of several external factors on optimization of vehicle dynamic load on the road. This component makes it possible to attain a simplified and adequate description of element interaction in “vehicle – road” system. While investigating influence of pavement irregularities on maximum dynamic loads on the road influence rate of the selected factors is determined in the following sequence: vehicle weight, pavement evenness and speed of transport facility.

scholarly journals Probabilistic analysis of a virtual road traffic model

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 776-779
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Łukasik ◽  
Małgorzata Górska
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Probabilistic Analysis ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Analogical Problem ◽  
On The Road

Based on the road infrastructure model developed in the publication [4], having data obtained from sources - observation points - in [6], and transferred thanks to telecommunications techniques analyzed in [8], it was possible to reflect traffic components and its monitoring on the examined virtual reality area. Using the simulation method, the problem of road traffic was transformed into the analogical problem of monitoring the trajectory in an computer model. This article considers the system's analytical layer.

Monte Carlo Analysis of Safe Following Distances Under Different Road Conditions

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lead Driver ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
On The Road ◽  
To Come ◽  
Lead Vehicle

In order to avoid accidents drivers must maintain an adequate amount of separating distance between themselves and vehicles in front of them. If the driver of the lead vehicle suddenly applies his brakes, the driver of the following vehicle needs sufficient time and space to react and apply his brakes to come to a stop. If all vehicles and drivers had the same brake performance, then the required separating distance would simply be the distance traveled while reacting; basically the product of the speed being traveled times the reaction time of the driver. This simple rule would guarantee that a following driver would be able to apply his brakes before arriving at the place on the road where the lead driver applied his brakes. In real life though, all vehicle and drivers do not have the same stopping performance. There are variations due to the different tires on the vehicles, the brake balance of the vehicles, the reaction rates of the drivers, the skills of the drivers, and the traction afforded by the particular wheel paths followed by the vehicles. One way to deal with these variations is to use probability theory [2–6]. In this paper probability theory is used to determine how following distance should vary as a function of speed, average road friction, and variation of the road friction, so that the probability of a collision remains below a desired threshold.

scholarly journals Analysis of the advancements in real-life performance of highly automated vehicles' with regard to the road traffic safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 05003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Matysiak ◽  
Paula Razin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the analysis of the performance of the vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS) which were tested in real-life road conditions from 2015 to 2017 in the state of California. It aims at the effort to assess the impact on the road safety the continuous technological advancements in driving automation might have, based on of the first large-scale, real-life test deployments. Vehicle manufacturers and other stakeholders testing the highly automated vehicles in California are obliged to issue yearly reports which provide an insight on the test scale as well as the technology maturity. The so-called 'disengagement reports' highlight the range and number of control takeovers between the ADS and driver, which are made either based on driver's decision or information provided by the vehicle itself. The analysis of these reports allowed to investigate the development made in automated driving technology throughout the years of tests, as well as the direct or indirect influence of the external factors (e.g. various weather conditions) on the ADS performance. The results show that there is still a significant gap in reliability and safety between human drivers and highly automated vehicles which has been yet steadily decreasing due to technology advancements made while driving in the specific infrastructure and traffic conditions of California.

scholarly journals Modeling and analyzing army air assault operations via simulation

SIMULATION ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Sabuncuoglu ◽  
Gökhan Virlan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Combat Simulation ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Bottleneck Analysis ◽  
Scenarios Simulation ◽  
On The Road ◽  
High Payoff

It is very important to use combat simulation in personnel training and preparing them for different war scenarios. Simulation modeling and analysis methodologies gives an opportunity to staff officers and commanders to measure the effectiveness of their plans and take necessary precautions. In a simulated environment, different combat scenarios can be tried without actually deploying the units to the combat area and getting ‘losts, costs, and risks’. As one of the most complicated and decisive operations on the road to victory, ‘air assault operations’ are high-risk, high-payoff operations that, when properly planned and vigorously executed, allow commanders to take the initiative in combat areas. In this study, we develop a simulation system called the Air Assault Operations Simulation Model (AAOSM) that allows planners to: (1) analyze air assault operations early in the decision process and refine those models as their decision process evolves, (2) perform ‘ bottleneck analysis’ of the preplanned operations, and (3) perform ‘ risk management’ of the operation before conducting the real operation. AAOSM is developed by using the ARENA simulation programming language. The outputs of the model are analyzed using statistical methods. The factors that have significant effect on air assault operations are identified. The possible scenarios are also evaluated for different weather and terrain conditions and for various refueling and maintenance configurations.

scholarly journals The effect of cellphone position on driving and gaze behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. K. Turnbull ◽  
Safal Khanal ◽  
Steven C. Dakin
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
The Road ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Lane Position

AbstractLegislation frequently restricts the use of cellphones while driving. Despite this, many people continue to interact with cellphones covertly while driving, typically by concealing their device in their lap. This strategy leads to frequent diversion of the drivers’ gaze from the road ahead, potentially reducing their driving performance. To evaluate the influence of cellphone use on driving, 30 participants took part in three randomly ordered 7-min virtual reality driving simulations. In each condition, drivers were presented with either (a) no cellphone, (b) a cellphone fixed to the windscreen, or (c) a cellphone positioned at lap level. Their task was to maintain road position and observe speed limits while answering maths problems (delivered intermittently via ‘text message’) and searching for external target objects. Outcome measures included speed, lane position standard deviation (LPSD), and fixation behaviour, which were compared between trials. In trials where a cellphone was present, participants shifted fixation more frequently, drove approximately 6 km/h faster, exhibited a lower LPSD and spent more time in the correct lane on the road (compared to the no-cellphone condition; all p < 0.001). Cellphone position influenced eye gaze behaviour, with drivers looking at the cellphone less frequently, and the speedometer more frequently. when the cellphone was in their lap compared to when the cellphone was positioned on the windscreen. Our results are consistent with participants driving more cautiously—checking speed and lane position more frequently—when they have a cellphone in the lap. Real-world driving data would be useful to determine whether this change in driving behaviour we observed is sufficient to offset the increased risk introduced by spending less time looking at the road ahead.

scholarly journals Driver Behavior Classification System Analysis Using Machine Learning Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10562
Author(s):  
Raymond Ghandour ◽  
Albert Jose Potams ◽  
Ilyes Boulkaibet ◽  
Bilel Neji ◽  
Zaher Al Barakeh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
The Road ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Boosting Method ◽  
On The Road

Distraction while driving occurs when a driver is engaged in non-driving activities. These activities reduce the driver’s attention and focus on the road, therefore increasing the risk of accidents. As a consequence, the number of accidents increases and infrastructure is damaged. Cars are now equipped with different safety precautions that ensure driver awareness and attention at all times. The first step for such systems is to define whether the driver is distracted or not. Different methods are proposed to detect such distractions, but they lack efficiency when tested in real-life situations. In this paper, four machine learning classification methods are implemented and compared to identify drivers’ behavior and distraction situations based on real data corresponding to different behaviors such as aggressive, drowsy and normal. The data were randomized for a better application of the methods. We demonstrate that the gradient boosting method outperforms the other used classifiers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document