scholarly journals High-Fat Diet Alters the Expression of Reference Genes in Male Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuqin Fan ◽  
Hongyang Yao ◽  
Xuanyi Liu ◽  
Qiaoyu Shi ◽  
Liang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Quantitative PCR (qPCR), the most accurate and sensitive technique for quantifying mRNA expression, and choice of appropriate reference genes for internal error controlling in qPCR are essential to understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive the obesity epidemic and its comorbidities. In this study, using the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model, we assessed the expression of 10 commonly used reference genes to validate gene-expression stability in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle across different time points (4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after HFD feeding) during the process of obesity. The data were analyzed by the GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Delta-Ct method, and the results showed that the most stable reference genes were different for a specific organ or tissue in a specific time point; however, PPIA, RPLP0, and YWHAZ were the top three most stable reference genes in qPCR experiments on adipose, hepatic tissues, and muscles of mice in diet-induced obesity. In addition, the mostly used genes ACTB and GAPDH were more unstable in the fat and liver, the ACTB mRNA levels were increased in four adipose tissues, and the GAPDH mRNA levels were decreased in four adipose tissues and liver after HFD feeding. These results suggest that PPIA, RPLP0, or YWHAZ may be more appropriate to be used as reference gene than ACTB and GAPDH in the adipose tissue and liver of mice during the process of high-fat diet-induced obesity.

scholarly journals Deficiency of Growth Differentiation Factor 3 Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity by Selectively Acting on White Adipose

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Shen ◽  
Lihua Huang ◽  
Liunan Li ◽  
Carolina Jorgez ◽  
Martin M. Matzuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Tgfβ Superfamily

Growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) is a member of the TGFβ superfamily. White adipose is one of the tissues in which Gdf3 is expressed, and it is the only tissue in which expression increases in response to high-fat diet. We generated Gdf3−/− mice, which were indistinguishable from wild-type mice and had normal weight curves on regular diet. However, on high-fat diet Gdf3−/− mice were resistant to the obesity that normally develops in wild-type mice. Herein we investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms that underlie this protection from diet-induced obesity and demonstrate that GDF3 deficiency selectively affects white adipose through its influence on basal metabolic rates. Our results are consistent with a role for GDF3 in adipose tissue, with consequential effects on energy expenditure that ultimately impact adiposity.

scholarly journals Cajanolactone A, a Stilbenoid From Cajanus canjan (L.) Millsp, Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppressing Energy Intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuohui Luo ◽  
Jiawen Huang ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Zhiwen Liu ◽  
Linchun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose

Cajanolactone A (CLA) is a stilbenoid isolated from Cajanus canjan (L.) Millsp with the potential to prevent postmenopausal obesity. In this study, the effect of CLA on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in female C57BL/6 mice was investigated. It was found that, treatment with CLA reduced the energy intake and effectively protected the mice from HFD-induced body weight gain, fat accumulation within the adipose tissues and liver, and impairment in energy metabolism. Further investigation revealed that CLA significantly down-regulated the expression of ORX, ORXR2, pMCH, and Gal in the hypothalamus and antagonized HFD-induced changes in the expression of UCP1, Pgc-1α, Tfam, and Mfn1 in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT); Caveolin-1, MT and UCP3 in the perigonadal white adipose tissue (pWAT); and Pdhb, IRS2, Mttp, Hadhb, and Cpt1b in the liver. CLA also protected the pWAT and liver from HFD-induced mitochondrial damage. However, neither HFD nor CLA showed an effect on the mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT) or the expression of UCP1 in the BAT. In summary, our findings suggest that CLA is a potential drug candidate for preventing diet-induced obesity, at least in females. CLA works most likely by suppressing the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic genes, which leads to reduced energy intake, and subsequently, reduced fat accumulation, thereby protecting the adipose tissues and the liver from lipid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

Inhibitory Effects of Fermented Ougan (Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima) Juice on High-Fat Diet-induced Obesity Associated with White Adipose Tissue Browning and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Guo ◽  
Xuedan Cao ◽  
Xiugui Fang ◽  
Ailing Guo ◽  
Erhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Tissue Browning

In this study, Ougan juice (OJ) and lactic acid bacteria fermented Ougan juice (FOJ) were investigated individually for their capability of preventing obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice. After...

Trans-palmitoleic Acid Reduces Adiposity via Increased Lipolysis in a Rodent Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
L. Irasema Chávaro-Ortiz ◽  
Brenda D. Tapia-Vargas ◽  
Mariel Rico-Hidalgo ◽  
Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar ◽  
María E. Frigolet
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Obesity is defined as increased adiposity, which leads to metabolic disease. The growth of adipose tissue depends on its capacity to expand, through hyperplasia or hypertrophy, in order to buffer energy surplus. Also, during the establishment of obesity, adipose tissue expansion reflects adipose lipid metabolism (lipogenesis and/or lipolysis). It is well known that dietary factors can modify lipid metabolism promoting or preventing the development of metabolic abnormalities that concur with obesity. Trans-palmitoleic acid (TP), a biomarker of dairy consumption, has been associated with reduced adiposity in clinical studies. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TP over adiposity and lipid metabolism-related genes in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). To fulfil this aim, we fed C57BL/6 mice with a Control or a High Fat diet, added with or without TP (3g/kg diet), during 11 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored, fat pads were weighted, histology of visceral adipose tissue was analysed, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression was explored by qPCR. Results show that TP consumption prevented weight gain induced by high fat diet, reduced visceral adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte size, while increasing the expression of lipolytic molecules. In conclusion, we show for the first time that TP influences adipose tissue metabolism, specifically lipolysis, resulting in decreased adiposity and reduced adipocyte size in a DIO mice model.

scholarly journals Differential organ-specific inflammatory response to progranulin in high-fat diet-fed mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Murakoshi ◽  
Tomohito Gohda ◽  
Eri Adachi ◽  
Saki Ichikawa ◽  
Shinji Hagiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Organ Specific

AbstractProgranulin (PGRN) has been reported to bind tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and to inhibit TNFα signaling. We evaluated the effect of augmentation of TNFα signaling by PGRN deficiency on the progression of kidney injury. Eight-week-old PGRN knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a standard diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Albuminuria, markers of tubular damage, and renal mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were higher in HFD-fed KO (KO-HFD) mice than in HFD-fed WT (WT-HFD) mice. Body weight, vacuolization in proximal tubules, and systemic and adipose tissue inflammatory markers were lower in the KO-HFD mice than in the WT-HFD mice. The renal megalin expression was lower in the KO mice than in the WT mice regardless of the diet type. The megalin expression was also reduced in mouse proximal tubule epithelial cells stimulated with TNFα and in those with PGRN knockdown by small interfering RNA in vitro. PGRN deficiency was associated with both exacerbated renal inflammation and decreased systemic inflammation, including that in the adipose tissue of mice with HFD-induced obesity. Improved tubular vacuolization in the KO-HFD mice might partially be explained by the decreased expression of megalin in proximal tubules.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific expression of Sprouty1 in mice protects against high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation, bone loss and metabolic dysfunction

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumithra Urs ◽  
Terry Henderson ◽  
Phuong Le ◽  
Clifford J. Rosen ◽  
Lucy Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

We recently characterised Sprouty1 (Spry1), a growth factor signalling inhibitor as a regulator of marrow progenitor cells promoting osteoblast differentiation at the expense of adipocytes. Adipose tissue-specific Spry1 expression in mice resulted in increased bone mass and reduced body fat, while conditional knockout of Spry1 had the opposite effect with decreased bone mass and increased body fat. Because Spry1 suppresses normal fat development, we tested the hypothesis that Spry1 expression prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, bone loss and associated lipid abnormalities, and demonstrate that Spry1 has a long-term protective effect on mice fed a high-energy diet. We studied diet-induced obesity in mice with fatty acid binding promoter-driven expression or conditional knockout of Spry1 in adipocytes. Phenotyping was performed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, microCT, histology and blood analysis. In conditional Spry1-null mice, a high-fat diet increased body fat by 40 %, impaired glucose regulation and led to liver steatosis. However, overexpression of Spry1 led to 35 % (P < 0·05) lower body fat, reduced bone loss and normal metabolic function compared with single transgenics. This protective phenotype was associated with decreased circulating insulin (70 %) and leptin (54 %; P < 0·005) compared with controls on a high-fat diet. Additionally, Spry1 expression decreased adipose tissue inflammation by 45 %. We show that conditional Spry1 expression in adipose tissue protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and associated bone loss.

scholarly journals NT-PGC-1α Activation Attenuates High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity by Enhancing Brown Fat Thermogenesis and Adipose Tissue Oxidative Metabolism

Diabetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3615-3625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Jin Jun ◽  
Yagini Joshi ◽  
Yuvraj Patil ◽  
Robert C. Noland ◽  
Ji Suk Chang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity
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