scholarly journals Is There an Exercise-Intensity Threshold Capable of Avoiding the Leaky Gut?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe M. Ribeiro ◽  
Bernardo Petriz ◽  
Gabriel Marques ◽  
Lima H. Kamilla ◽  
Octavio L. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Endurance Sport ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Response To Exercise

Endurance-sport athletes have a high incidence of gastrointestinal disorders, compromising performance and impacting overall health status. An increase in several proinflammatory cytokines and proteins (LPS, I-FABP, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, C-reactive protein) has been observed in ultramarathoners and triathlon athletes. One of the most common effects of this type of physical activity is the increase in intestinal permeability, known as leaky gut. The intestinal mucosa's degradation can be identified and analyzed by a series of molecular biomarkers, including the lactulose/rhamnose ratio, occludin and claudin (tight junctions), lipopolysaccharides, and I-FABP. Identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of leaky gut by physical exercise can assist in the determination of safe exercise thresholds for the preservation of the gastrointestinal tract. It was recently shown that 60 min of vigorous endurance training at 70% of the maximum work capacity led to the characteristic responses of leaky gut. It is believed that other factors may contribute to this effect, such as altitude, environmental temperature, fluid restriction, age and trainability. On the other hand, moderate physical training and dietary interventions such as probiotics and prebiotics can improve intestinal health and gut microbiota composition. This review seeks to discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in the intestinal mucosa's adaptation and response to exercise and discuss the role of the intestinal microbiota in mitigating these effects.

Genetic Variation in TNF-α, its Relation with Inflammatory Biomarkers and Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadiga Ahmed Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
Factor Α

Background: Tumor necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is encoded and controlled by TNF-α gene, which is involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility. This research aimed to identify genetic variations of TNF-α (G308A) and to establish its association with inflammatory markers in Rheumatoid Arthritis predisposition. Methods: In the present study, fifty RA patients and fifty volunteers were involved and evaluated for the C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and TNF-α were estimated by ELISA, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) by Wintergreen method and for TNF-α-308 G>A polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction with amplification refractory mutation system (PCR-ARMS). Results: The CRP, RF, ESR and TNF-α were significantly elevated in RA patients relative to controls. The serum level TNF-α was also significantly elevated in female patients and in patients ≥50 years. Analysis of TNF-308 gene polymorphism revealed that GG genotypes were more prevalent in RA patients than in the healthy individuals and that GG genotype may be a potential factor to RA. The G allele was more common in RA than in the control. Elevated TNF-α serum levels were significantly associated the GG genotype and functional disability in RA patients. Conclusion: TNF-α promoter 308polymorphism GG genotype may be considered as a risk factor for RA and the TNF-α serum level was significantly related to the functional disability in the disease.

Synergism Effects of Ursolic Acid Supplementation on the Levels of Irisin, C-reactive Protein, IL-6, and TNF-α During High-intensity Resistance Training in Low Activity Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Asghari ◽  
Amir Rashidlamir ◽  
Seyyed R.A. Hosseini ◽  
Mahtab Moazzami ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Current Data ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Activity

Background:: Ursolic Acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid which is extracted from plants. UA may enhance the effect of Resistance Training (RT) in human. Objective: Current research was designed to show the effect of High-Intensity Resistance Training (HIRT) in the presence or absence of UA on the serum levels of irisin, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the low activity men. Method:: The study included twenty-two healthy male HIRT with placebo, supplementation, and HIRT in the presence of UA supplementation. The two groups received eight-week intervention including 2 sets of 8 exercises, with 8~10 repetitions at 70~75% of 1 repetition maximum and a 2 min rest interval between sets, performed 3 times/week. Placebo or UA orally was evaluated as 1 capsule 3 times/day during 8 weeks. The subsequent factors were measured post- and preintervention: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Irisin, Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results:: UA supplementation significantly increased the plasma levels of irisin in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05). UA treatment also dramatically decreased the plasma levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05). Conclusion:: The current data showed that UA-induced an increase in serum irisin and reduction of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α may have beneficial effects as a chemical for increasing of the effects of HIRT in low activity men.

Regulation of microRNAs in Inflammation-Associated Colorectal Cancer: A Mechanistic Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Muthusami ◽  
Ilangovan Ramachandran ◽  
Sneha Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Yuvaraj Sambandam ◽  
Satish Ramalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha

: The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multi-stage process. The inflammation of the colon as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) is often regarded as the initial trigger for the development of CRC. Many cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and several interleukins (ILs) are known to exert proinflammatory actions, and inflammation initiates or promotes tumorigenesis of various cancers, including CRC through differential regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). miRNAs can be oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or anti-oncomiRs/tumor suppressor miRNAs, and they play key roles during colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of regulation of miRNAs involved in inflammation-associated CRC are still anecdotal and largely unknown. Consolidating the published results and offering perspective solutions to circumvent CRC, the current review is focused on the role of miRNAs and their regulation in the development of CRC. We have also discussed the model systems adapted by researchers to delineate the role of miRNAs in inflammation-associated CRC.

Molecular Mechanisms of Curcumin in Neuroinflammatory Disorders: A Mini Review of Current Evidences

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Hatami ◽  
Mina Abdolahi ◽  
Neda Soveyd ◽  
Mahmoud Djalali ◽  
Mansoureh Togha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
English Language ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
General Term ◽  
Neuroinflammatory Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α

Objective: Neuroinflammatory disease is a general term used to denote the progressive loss of neuronal function or structure. Many neuroinflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis (MS), occur due to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation increases nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) levels, cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes and inducible nitric oxide synthase, resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). It could also lead to cellular deterioration and symptoms of neuroinflammatory diseases. Recent studies have suggested that curcumin (the active ingredient in turmeric) could alleviate the process of neuroinflammatory disease. Thus, the present mini-review was conducted to summarize studies regarding cellular and molecular targets of curcumin relevant to neuroinflammatory disorders. Methods: A literature search strategy was conducted for all English-language literature. Studies that assessed the various properties of curcuminoids in respect of neuroinflammatory disorders were included in this review. Results: The studies have suggested that curcuminoids have significant anti- neuroinflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties that could attenuate the development and symptom of neuroinflammatory disorders. Curcumin can alleviate neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation through multiple mechanisms, by reducing inflammatory mediators (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, nitric oxide and NF-κB gene expression), and affect mitochondrial dynamics and even epigenetic changes. Conclusion: It is a promising subject of study in the prevention and management of the neuroinflammatory disease. However, controlled, randomized clinical trials are needed to fully evaluate its clinical potential.

The TNF-α G-308A polymorphism is associated with C-reactive protein levels: The HERITAGE Family Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna-Maaria Lakka ◽  
Timo A. Lakka ◽  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Treva Rice ◽  
D.C. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Study ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α

The Metabolic Response to Exercise and Exhaustion in Normal and Growth-Hormone-Deficient Children

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. D. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Serum Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Deficient Subject ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Secondary Rise

The effects of exhausting bicycle exercise at close to maximal work capacity upon circulating levels of hormones and energy substrates in 4 fasting growth-hormone-deficient and 15 fasting healthy subjects (aged 13–18 years) have been studied. As expected, only the healthy subjects showed a rise in plasma growth hormone (GH) levels. In both groups plasma insulin tended to fall, but the decline was more prolonged in the GH-de-ficient group. Plasma Cortisol levels rose in both groups with the exception of one adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-deficient subject. Blood sugar levels were well-maintained in all but this ACTH-deficient subject, whereas both groups showed marked lactate accumulation. Both groups demonstrated an initial fall and then a secondary rise in serum free fatty acid concentrations; however, fatty acid levels were lower in the GH-deficient group and there was no post-exercise overshoot, suggesting a possible reduction in the effectiveness of lipid mobilization.

Determination of work capacity of friction pair materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 845-848
Author(s):  
G. E. Lazarev ◽  
L. I. Nikiforova
Keyword(s):  
Friction Pair ◽  
Work Capacity

LABOUR CONDITIONS AND POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION OF ETHYLMETHYLHYDROXYPYRIDINE SUCCINATE IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO FIBROGENIC SILICATE DUST

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Shumatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Partial Correction ◽  
Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine Succinate

Abstract. Labour conditions of workers contacting with fibrogenic silicate dust in isolators’ production were studied. Additional examination included determination of the degree of endothelial disfunction, apoptosis and systemic inflammation. Besides the effect of Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate on these parameters and the lipid profile was evaluated. Atherogenic changes of the lipid profile, moderate endothelial disfunction (level of circulating endotheliocytes is 6,04±1,97*104/l), slight tension of apoptosis (TNF-α 8,11±6,67 pg/ml) and activation of systemic inflammation (C-RP 8,1±4,5 mg/l) were found. Application of Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate led to the partial correction of dyslipidemia and endothelial disfunction without the significant effect on other researching laboratory parameters; significant improvement of respiratory function was noted.

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