scholarly journals Multiomics Approach to Precision Sports Nutrition: Limits, Challenges, and Possibilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Nieman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Metabolic Heterogeneity ◽  
Term Performance

Most sports nutrition guidelines are based on group average responses and professional opinion. Precision nutrition for athletes aims to improve the individualization of nutrition practices to optimize long-term performance and health. This is a 2-step process that first involves the acquisition of individual-specific, science-based information using a variety of sources including lifestyle and medical histories, dietary assessment, physiological assessments from the performance lab and wearable sensors, and multiomics data from blood, urine, saliva, and stool samples. The second step consists of the delivery of science-based nutrition advice, behavior change support, and the monitoring of health and performance efficacy and benefits relative to cost. Individuals vary widely in the way they respond to exercise and nutritional interventions, and understanding why this metabolic heterogeneity exists is critical for further advances in precision nutrition. Another major challenge is the development of evidence-based individualized nutrition recommendations that are embraced and efficacious for athletes seeking the most effective enhancement of performance, metabolic recovery, and health. At this time precision sports nutrition is an emerging discipline that will require continued technological and scientific advances before this approach becomes accurate and practical for athletes and fitness enthusiasts at the small group or individual level. The costs and scientific challenges appear formidable, but what is already being achieved today in precision nutrition through multiomics and sensor technology seemed impossible just two decades ago.

scholarly journals Assessing the Current Integration of Multiple Personalised Wearable Sensors for Environment and Health Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7693
Author(s):  
Zhaoxi Zhang ◽  
Prince Michael Amegbor ◽  
Clive Eric Sabel
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

The ever-growing development of sensor technology brings new opportunities to investigate impacts of the outdoor environment on human health at the individual level. However, there is limited literature on the use of multiple personalized sensors in urban environments. This review paper focuses on examining how multiple personalized sensors have been integrated to enhance the monitoring of co-exposures and health effects in the city. Following PRISMA guidelines, two reviewers screened 4898 studies from Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, and PubMed databases published from January 2010 to April 2021. In this case, 39 articles met the eligibility criteria. The review begins by examining the characteristics of the reviewed papers to assess the current situation of integrating multiple sensors for health and environment monitoring. Two main challenges were identified from the quality assessment: choosing sensors and integrating data. Lastly, we propose a checklist with feasible measures to improve the integration of multiple sensors for future studies.

Supplementation and Performance for Wheelchair Athletes: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Andreia Bauermann ◽  
Karina S.G. de Sá ◽  
Zilda A. Santos ◽  
Anselmo A. Costa e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Wheelchair Athletes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Intervention Trials

This systematic review aimed to identify nutritional interventions and supplements that improve the performance for wheelchair athletes. Intervention trials involving high-performance wheelchair athletes were analyzed, including those that comprised a nutritional intervention, defined as any intervention related to food, beverages, and supplementation aiming at evaluating the performance of wheelchair athletes. Of the included studies, four evaluated caffeine supplementation, of which one also evaluated sodium citrate supplementation; two studies evaluated vitamin D supplementation; one study assessed creatine monohydrate supplementation; and one assessed carbohydrate supplementation. Most studies were conducted on athletes with spinal cord injury. Athletes who consumed caffeine exhibited an improvement in performance, but this finding is not strong enough to become a recommendation.

scholarly journals Episodic curiosity for avoiding asteroids: Per-trial information gain for choice outcomes drive information seeking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus Holm ◽  
Gustaf Wadenholt ◽  
Paul Schrater
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trial Outcome ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Uncertain Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Humans often appear to desire information for its own sake, but it is presently unclear what drives this desire. The important role that resolving uncertainty plays in stimulating information seeking has suggested a tight coupling between the intrinsic motivation to gather information and performance gains, and has been construed as a drive for long-term learning. Using a simple asteroid-avoidance game that allows us to study learning and information seeking at an experimental time-scale, we show that we can separate the incentive for information-seeking from a long-term learning outcome, and show that information-seeking is best predicted by per-trial outcome uncertainty. Specifically, our 43 participants were more willing to take time penalties for feedback on trials with uncertain outcomes. We found strong group (R2 = .97) and individual level (mean R2 = .44) support for a linear relationship between feedback request rate and information gain as determined by per-trial outcome uncertainty. This information better reflects filling in the gaps of the episodic record of choice outcomes than long-term skill acquisition or assessment. Our results suggest that this easy to compute quantity can drive information-seeking, potentially allowing simple organisms to intelligently gather information without having to anticipate the impact on future performance.

Applying Social Psychological Perspectives to the Sport Psychology Consulting Process

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Brustad ◽  
Michelle Ritter-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clinical And Counseling Psychology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Disordered Eating Patterns ◽  
Applied Sport Psychology

Psychological processes in sport are inextricably linked to the social contexts within which they occur. However, research and practice in applied sport psychology have shown only marginal concern for the social dimensions of participation. As a consequence of stronger ties to clinical and counseling psychology than to social psychology, the prevailing model of intervention in applied sport psychology has been individually centered. Focus at the individual level has been further bolstered by cognitive emphases in modem psychology. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for a balanced consideration of social and personal influences. Four social psychological dimensions of interest will be explored, including athletic subculture membership; athletic identity concerns; social networks of influence; and leadership processes. The relevance of these forms of influence will be examined in relation to applied concerns in the areas of athlete academic performance, overtraining and burnout, and disordered eating patterns. At minimum, consultants need to address contextual and relational correlates of psychological and performance issues.

scholarly journals Collective experience of inclusion, diversity, and performance in work groups

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo M. Ferdman ◽  
Avi Avigdor ◽  
Deborah Braun ◽  
Jennifer Konkin ◽  
Daniel Kuzmycz
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Multiple Identity ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Experience Of Inclusion ◽  
Inclusion And Diversity

This conceptual paper addresses the presumed interactive effects of work group inclusion and diversity on work group performance. Building on prior theory and research focusing on individual-level inclusion, we put forth the construct of collective experience of inclusion, the aggregated degree to which members of a group feel valued by, engaged with, and able to express themselves authentically within their work group, both as individuals and as members of multiple identity groups. We propose that collective experience of inclusion will be positively associated with indicators of the group's performance. This relationship, we further propose, will be moderated by the diversity of the group's membership, such that, as diversity increases, the positive effects of the collective experience of inclusion on performance will be enhanced. Finally, we propose that variation in the degree to which individuals experience inclusion in the group, as assessed with an index of dispersion in the experience of inclusion, will further moderate this effect, and attenuate the positive interactive effects of collective experience of inclusion and diversity on performance.

Effects of Social Information on Risk Taking and Performance: Understanding Others’ Decisions vs. Comparing Oneself with Others in Short-Term Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Pittnauer ◽  
Martin Hohnisch ◽  
Andreas Ostermaier ◽  
Andreas Pfingsten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Excessive Risk Taking

When a problem leaves decision makers uncertain as to how to approach it, observing others’ decisions can improve one’s own decisions by promoting more accurate judgments and a better insight into the problem. However, observing others’ decisions may also activate motives that prevent this potential from being realized, for instance, ego concerns that prompt excessive risk taking. Our experimental study investigates how two features of the social environment influence the effect of observing others’ decisions on individual risk taking and performance. We manipulated (1) the psychological distance to others whose decisions could be observed (and thereby the tendency to seek self-enhancing social comparison) and (2) the opportunity for interaction (and thereby for a cumulative effect of any such tendency on decisions over time and for an effect on social information itself). Because the two features covary in real-world settings, we designed two treatments corresponding to the two natural combinations. Both treatments provided participants with two other participants’ period decisions in a multiperiod problem under uncertainty. No new objective information about the problem could be inferred from these decisions. We predicted that participants who observed the decisions of distant others (who had solved the same problem earlier) would perform better than participants in a control sample without any information about others’ decisions and that participants who observed the decisions of proximal others (with whom interaction could arise) would take more risk and perform worse than those who observed distant others’ decisions. The data corroborate our predictions. We discuss implications for organizational learning.

scholarly journals Glutamine as an Anti-Fatigue Amino Acid in Sports Nutrition

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Yule Coqueiro ◽  
Marcelo Macedo Rogero ◽  
Julio Tirapegui
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Ammonia Accumulation ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
And Performance

Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid widely used in sports nutrition, especially because of its immunomodulatory role. Notwithstanding, glutamine plays several other biological functions, such as cell proliferation, energy production, glycogenesis, ammonia buffering, maintenance of the acid-base balance, among others. Thus, this amino acid began to be investigated in sports nutrition beyond its effect on the immune system, attributing to glutamine various properties, such as an anti-fatigue role. Considering that the ergogenic potential of this amino acid is still not completely known, this review aimed to address the main properties by which glutamine could delay fatigue, as well as the effects of glutamine supplementation, alone or associated with other nutrients, on fatigue markers and performance in the context of physical exercise. PubMed database was selected to examine the literature, using the keywords combination “glutamine” and “fatigue”. Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated in this integrative literature review. Most of the studies evaluated observed that glutamine supplementation improved some fatigue markers, such as increased glycogen synthesis and reduced ammonia accumulation, but this intervention did not increase physical performance. Thus, despite improving some fatigue parameters, glutamine supplementation seems to have limited effects on performance.

scholarly journals THE CLINICAL TRANSLATION OF SENSOR TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE PROVIDER AND PATIENT CARE: METHODS AND ACCEPTABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S831-S831
Author(s):  
Megan Huisingh-Scheetz ◽  
Qianli Xue ◽  
Jennifer A Schrack
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Aging Research

Abstract Sensor-based technologies are rapidly emerging and are capable of collecting objective, dynamic, and high resolution health data not captured in the clinical setting. However, the precise clinical applications of such devices are not yet well delineated; extensive challenges to their implementation remain. The objectives of this symposium are to highlight a) opportunities for sensor technology use in clinical practice, b) implementation challenges reported by key stakeholders, and c) an NIH/VA-sponsored initiative to create an open technology research platform to improve aging technology research. Dr. Young will discuss the novel application of wearable sensors for maintaining proper posture/position during patient transfer including the generation of sensor metrics defining proper lifting technique and body mechanics. Dr. Huisingh-Scheetz will report analytic strategies for identifying frailty using wrist-worn accelerometry data collected in the free-living environment in the NIA-supported National Social Life, Health and Aging Project dataset. She will report her work relating hourly activity and between/within subject hourly activity variance to frailty. Ms. Blinka will report qualitative feedback collected from patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers about their perspectives on the utility and challenges of using sensor technology in a clinical context. Dr. Kaye will discuss ongoing developments addressing challenges to implementing technology use in clinical care, with particular attention to the Collaborative Aging Research using Technology (CART) initiative supported by the NIH and VA. Collectively, these presentations will advance sensor technology to improve healthcare delivery.

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