scholarly journals Assessing the Current Integration of Multiple Personalised Wearable Sensors for Environment and Health Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7693
Author(s):  
Zhaoxi Zhang ◽  
Prince Michael Amegbor ◽  
Clive Eric Sabel
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

The ever-growing development of sensor technology brings new opportunities to investigate impacts of the outdoor environment on human health at the individual level. However, there is limited literature on the use of multiple personalized sensors in urban environments. This review paper focuses on examining how multiple personalized sensors have been integrated to enhance the monitoring of co-exposures and health effects in the city. Following PRISMA guidelines, two reviewers screened 4898 studies from Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, and PubMed databases published from January 2010 to April 2021. In this case, 39 articles met the eligibility criteria. The review begins by examining the characteristics of the reviewed papers to assess the current situation of integrating multiple sensors for health and environment monitoring. Two main challenges were identified from the quality assessment: choosing sensors and integrating data. Lastly, we propose a checklist with feasible measures to improve the integration of multiple sensors for future studies.

2019 TOKYO DECLARATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
James Appleyard
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Service Environment ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Individual Physician ◽  
The Individual

As the Congress explored the nature of burnout among doctors and health professionals in differing settings and in different nations it is clear that burnout is a global phenomenon. An organizational paradigm changes to a person- and people-centered system that incorporates complexity, is adaptive and integrative is essential. Such a change will enable continuing medical education be effective and the current unaffordable and unnecessary waste of human resources that the Congress identified reduced. The Congress reviewed a range of features precipitating burnout including a dysfunctional work–life balance and a variety of relatively simple individually protective factors. It is because of this variety that person- and people-centered initiatives rather than narrowly based top-down management solutions will prove effective Individual-level actions can be taken to reduce stress and poor health symptoms through effective coping and promoting healthy behavior. But there needs to be a much better alignment between the health system and the individual physician so that there are shared professional values within a clear medical ethical framework [23] that encourages professional development and adaptation to the health service environment and health system.

scholarly journals Assessing and Representing Livability through the Analysis of Residential Preference

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kovacs-Györi ◽  
Pablo Cabrera-Barona ◽  
Bernd Resch ◽  
Michael Mehaffy ◽  
Thomas Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Residential Preference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
Measurable Factors ◽  
New Urban Agenda ◽  
Significant Factors

Livability reflects the quality of the person–environment relationship, namely how well the built environment or the available services in a city fulfill the residents’ needs and expectations. We argue that livability assessment can aid the implementation of certain New Urban Agenda (NUA) goals by providing a flexible way to assess urban environments and their quality. However, a reliable and transferable assessment framework requires the key elements of livability to be defined in such a way that measurable factors adequately represent the person–environment relationship. As an innovative approach, we determined key livability elements accordingly and asked over 400 residents worldwide to evaluate their urban environments using these parameters. Thereby, we could calibrate the livability assessment workflow by including personal aspects and identifying the most relevant livability factors through an ordinal regression analysis. Next, we performed relational-statistical learning in order to define the individual and combined contribution of these statistically significant factors to the overall livability of a place. We found that urban form and mobility-related factors tend to have the highest influence on residential satisfaction. Finally, we tested the robustness of the assessment by using geospatial analysis to model the livability for the city of Vienna, Austria. We concluded that the workflow allows for a reliable livability assessment and for further utilization in urban planning, improving urban quality by going beyond simple city rankings.

scholarly journals The Scanian Economic-Demographic Database (SEDD)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dribe ◽  
Luciana Quaranta
Keyword(s):  
Data Resource ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Intermediate Data ◽  
Linkage Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rural Parishes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Source Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

The Scanian Economic-Demographic Database (SEDD) is a high-quality longitudinal data resource spanning the period 1646-1967. It covers all individuals born in or migrated to the city of Landskrona and five rural parishes in western Scania in southern Sweden. The entire population present in the area is fully covered after 1813. At the individual level, SEDD combines various demographic and socioeconomic records, including causes of death, place of birth and geographic data on the place of residence within a parish. At the family level, the data contain a combination of demographic records and information on occupation, landholding and income. The data for 1813-1967 was structured in the model of the Intermediate Data Structure (IDS). In addition to storing source data in the SEDD IDS tables, a wide range of individual- and context-level variables were constructed, which means that most types of analyses using SEDD can be conducted without the need of further elaboration of the data. This article discusses the source material, linkage methods, and structure of the database.

scholarly journals Microsimulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 845-864
Author(s):  
Mark Birkin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
The Individual

AbstractFrom origins in economics and financial analysis, microsimulation has become an important technique for spatial analysis. The method relies on conversion of aggregate census tables, sometimes complemented by sample data at the individual level, to synthetic lists of people and households. The individual records generated by the microsimulation can be aggregated flexibly to small areas, linked to create new attributes, and projected forward in time under stable conditions, or in the context of ‘what-if’ policy scenarios. The chapter outlines the basic building blocks of microsimulation and shows how these are combined within a representative practical application. It is argued that further progress can be expected through advances in computation, assimilation of data into models, and greater capacity to handle uncertainty and dynamics. We also expect the creation of more sophisticated architectures to reflect the interdependence between population structures at the micro-scale, and the supply-side infrastructures and urban environments in which they evolve.

scholarly journals Characteristics of urban environments and novel problem-solving performance in Eurasian red squirrels

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1947) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pizza Ka Yee Chow ◽  
Kenta Uchida ◽  
Auguste M. P. von Bayern ◽  
Itsuro Koizumi
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Urban environments can be deemed ‘harsh’ for some wildlife species, but individuals frequently show behavioural flexibility to cope with challenges and demands posed by life in the city. For example, urban animals often show better performance in solving novel problems than rural conspecifics, which helps when using novel resources under human-modified environments. However, which characteristics of urban environments fine-tune novel problem-solving performance, and their relative importance, remain unclear. Here, we examined how four urban environmental characteristics (direct human disturbance, indirect human disturbance, size of green coverage and squirrel population size) may potentially influence novel problem-solving performance of a successful ‘urban dweller’, the Eurasian red squirrel, by presenting them with a novel food-extraction problem. We found that increased direct human disturbance, indirect human disturbance and a higher squirrel population size decreased the proportion of solving success at the population level. At the individual level, an increase in squirrel population size decreased the latency to successfully solve the novel problem the first time. More importantly, increased direct human disturbance, squirrel population size and experience with the novel problem decreased problem-solving time over time. These findings highlight that some urban environmental characteristics shape two phenotypic extremes in the behaviour-flexibility spectrum: individuals either demonstrated enhanced learning or they failed to solve the novel problem.

Singapore's Changing Demography, the Eldercare Predicament and Transnational ‘Care’ Migration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S.A. Yeoh ◽  
Shirlena Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Care Chain ◽  
Transnational Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
City State ◽  
The City

AbstractScholars have recently argued that globalisation processes have significantly altered not just the productive but reproductive sphere. ‘Reproduction’ is formulated to include both biological and social reproduction, and which at the individual level requires ‘care’ throughout the life-cycle – that is, from cradle to grave – in sustaining the body in its corporeal and affective aspects. Concepts that have emerged in the literature in recent decades such as the ‘transnational family’, ‘global householding’ and ‘global care chain’ draw attention to the observation that the formation and sustenance of households is increasingly reliant on the international movement of people and transactions among household members residing in more than one national territory. Applying these notions to the context of the city-state of Singapore where the predicament around eldercare (resulting essentially from rapid fertility decline, shortages of Singapore women's reproductive labour and rigidities in the gender household division of labour) accompanies rapid globalisation, this paper examines strategies of care substitution which draw on the lowly paid labour of two groups of transnational subjects (mainly women) – transnational domestic workers working in the privatised sphere of the home, and transnational healthcare workers in institutionalised settings. The paper reflects upon the interdependencies between flows of transnational care migration and delves into the gender and class implications of these flows for an understanding of the links between transnational migration and social change.

scholarly journals Multiomics Approach to Precision Sports Nutrition: Limits, Challenges, and Possibilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Nieman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Metabolic Heterogeneity ◽  
Term Performance

Most sports nutrition guidelines are based on group average responses and professional opinion. Precision nutrition for athletes aims to improve the individualization of nutrition practices to optimize long-term performance and health. This is a 2-step process that first involves the acquisition of individual-specific, science-based information using a variety of sources including lifestyle and medical histories, dietary assessment, physiological assessments from the performance lab and wearable sensors, and multiomics data from blood, urine, saliva, and stool samples. The second step consists of the delivery of science-based nutrition advice, behavior change support, and the monitoring of health and performance efficacy and benefits relative to cost. Individuals vary widely in the way they respond to exercise and nutritional interventions, and understanding why this metabolic heterogeneity exists is critical for further advances in precision nutrition. Another major challenge is the development of evidence-based individualized nutrition recommendations that are embraced and efficacious for athletes seeking the most effective enhancement of performance, metabolic recovery, and health. At this time precision sports nutrition is an emerging discipline that will require continued technological and scientific advances before this approach becomes accurate and practical for athletes and fitness enthusiasts at the small group or individual level. The costs and scientific challenges appear formidable, but what is already being achieved today in precision nutrition through multiomics and sensor technology seemed impossible just two decades ago.

Disability Income: The Experiences of Women with Multiple Sclerosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Jongbloed
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Policy Environments ◽  
Disability Income ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
The Individual

This paper examines the experiences of unemployed women with multiple sclerosis with three income support programmes, the Canada/Quebec Pension Plan, long term disability insurance and social assistance. Findings are based on ethnographic interviews with 23 women. Difficulties experienced with these programmes include the low level of benefits of two of the programmes, the earnings-based component of two of the programmes, and requirements in eligibility criteria that applicants be defined as permanently unemployable. The occupational consequences of disability income policies are mediated by marital and socio-economic status. For some, policies mean lives of poverty and marginalization, for others they mean lack of freedom to change jobs, to work part-time or hesitance to return to the work force. The ways in which social policies shape the individual experience of disability should inform occupational therapy intervention at the individual level. Therapists are also challenged to help create policy environments that will enhance client function.

scholarly journals Financing Politics in Indonesia

PCD Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Mohtar Mas'oed ◽  
Amalinda Savirani
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

This paper aims to map out practices of political financing in Indonesia from the political to the socio-historical perspective. Arguing about the party financing and the corruption of politicians and the parties, this paper also proposes about strategies at the individual level for performing financing politics, as well as factors that help to explain their performance. It compares cases in three different periods of Indonesian history: the post-independence, the Suharto (New Order) era, and reformasi after the fall of Suharto in 1998. This paper discusses and analyses the financing politics belonging to the political and socio-historical perspective, the issue of financing politics, the results of mapping students theses from three universities in Java together with relevant papers by LIPI (the Indonesian Sciences Institute), and directly presents three case studies of individual performing financing politics. Two of the case studies concern with politicians from the post-independence and Suharto era, while the third concerns a member of the city of Solo's local parliament. This paper shows how financing politics would be no longer relevant, as the cultural capital, political capital, and social capital also may contribute in supporting one's political career.

scholarly journals Strategies in Times of Pandemic Crisis—Retailers and Regional Resilience in Würzburg, Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2643
Author(s):  
Alexandra Appel ◽  
Sina Hardaker
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Regional Resilience ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
German City ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
Bounce Back

Research on the COVID-19 crisis and its implications on regional resilience is still in its infancy. To understand resilience on its aggregate level it is important to identify (non)resilient actions of individual actors who comprise regions. As the retail sector among others represents an important factor in an urban regions recovery, we focus on the resilience of (textile) retailers within the city of Würzburg in Germany to the COVID-19 pandemic. To address the identified research gap, this paper applies the concept of resilience. Firstly, conducting expert interviews, the individual (textile) retailers’ level and their strategies in coping with the crisis is considered. Secondly, conducting a contextual analysis of the German city of Würzburg, we wish to contribute to the discussion of how the resilience of a region is influenced inter alia by actors. Our study finds three main strategies on the individual level, with retailers: (1) intending to “bounce back” to a pre-crisis state, (2) reorganising existing practices, as well as (3) closing stores and winding up business. As at the time of research, no conclusions regarding long-term impacts and resilience are possible, the results are limited. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of retailers’ strategies contributes to a better understanding of regional resilience.

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