scholarly journals Precision Medicine Approaches to Overcome Resistance to Therapy in Head and Neck Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran ◽  
Jebrane Bouaoud ◽  
Andy Karabajakian ◽  
Jérôme Fayette ◽  
Pierre Saintigny
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Distant Failure ◽  
Distant Relapse ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Targeted Agent ◽  
Patients Experience

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most incident cancer worldwide. More than half of HNSCC patients experience locoregional or distant relapse to treatment despite aggressive multimodal therapeutic approaches that include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Before the arrival of immunotherapy, systemic chemotherapy was previously employed as the standard first-line protocol with an association of cisplatin or carboplatin plus 5-fluorouracil plus cetuximab (anti-EFGR antibody). Unfortunately, acquisition of therapy resistance is common in patients with HNSCC and often results in local and distant failure. Despite our better understanding of HNSCC biology, no other molecular-targeted agent has been approved for HNSCC. In this review, we outline the mechanisms of resistance to the therapeutic strategies currently used in HNSCC, discuss combination treatment strategies to overcome them, and summarize the therapeutic regimens that are presently being evaluated in early- and late-phase clinical trials.

scholarly journals Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: A Paradigm Shift?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Abreu Ribeiro ◽  
Cecília Melo Alvim ◽  
Helena Luna Pais ◽  
Luis Marques Costa
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Head And Neck Carcinoma ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Distant Failure ◽  
Platinum Sensitive ◽  
Pathological Subtype ◽  
Neck Carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most prevalent pathological subtype of head and neck carcinoma (HNC), can be potentially cured if diagnosed at early stages and adequately treated. Still, most patients are diagnosed at stages III or IV disease, with estimated local and distant failure rates of 60% and 30%, respectively, notwithstanding aggressive multimodality curative intent treatment strategies approved. The excellent results of the EXTREME trial published in 2008 showing a median overall survival (mOS), of 10.1 months for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC, treated with platinum plus fluorouracil (5FU) and cetuximab, changed the standard of care (SOC), for these patients. The EXTREME regime was the first to evidence an overall survival (OS) benefit before the immunotherapy era, in this context. Two immunotherapy drugs are currently approved for treatment of R/M HNSCC in first or subsequent lines of treatment both for platinum-resistant and platinum sensitive disease: the anti-PD-1 agents nivolumab and pembrolizumab. But does this mean that there is no longer a place for the EXTREME regimen or for chemotherapy in general in R/M HNSCC treatment? And if there is, how to choose between available therapeutic options? In this article, the authors will address these questions by analyzing data from the main trials that investigated nivolumab and pembrolizumab in this setting.

Eating Green: Shining Light on the Use of Dietary Phytochemicals as a Modern Approach in the Prevention and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Eastham ◽  
Candace M. Howard ◽  
Premalatha Balachandran ◽  
David S. Pasco ◽  
Pier Paolo Claudio
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Modern Approach

Enthusiasm for the use of dietary bioactive compounds as chemopreventive agents and adjuvants for current therapies has increased laboratory research conducted on several types of cancers including Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). The green chemoprevention movement is a modern approach to highlight healthy lifestyle changes that aim to decrease the incidence of HNSCC. A healthy diet can be an effective way to prevent the development of oral cancers. Discovery of the naturally occurring plant based compounds called phytochemicals has facilitated the development of new treatment strategies for patients that are at risk for, or have developed HNSCC. Many of these compounds have been shown to elicit very potent anti-carcinogenic properties. While there are many compounds that have been studied, the compounds from two specific categories of phytochemicals, phenolics (resveratrol, EGCG, curcumin, quercetin, and honokiol) and glucosinolates (sulforaphane, PEITC and BITC), are emerging as potent and effective inhibitors of oral carcinogenesis. These compounds have been shown to inhibit HNSCC growth through a variety of mechanisms. Research has demonstrated that these compounds can regulate cancer cell proliferation through the regulation of multiple cell signaling pathways. They can impede cell cycle progression, induce differentiation and apoptosis, prevent angiogenesis, and inhibit cancer cell invasive and metastatic properties. They can protect normal cells during treatment and reduce the damage caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review aims to provide an overview of some of the most effective phytochemicals that have the potential to successfully prevent and treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Integrated Therapeutic Approaches in Head and Neck Cancer: The Importance of Multidisciplinary Team Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Perri ◽  
Paolo Muto ◽  
Corrado Aversa ◽  
Antonio Daponte ◽  
Giuseppina Vittoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Team Management ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

Integrated Therapeutic Approaches in Head and Neck Cancer: The Importance of Multidisciplinary Team Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 999 (999) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Perri ◽  
Paolo Muto ◽  
Corrado Aversa ◽  
Antonio Daponte ◽  
Giuseppina Della Vittoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Team Management ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

scholarly journals Current Status of Human Papillomavirus-Related Head and Neck Cancer: From Viral Genome to Patient Care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoru Dong ◽  
Xinhua Shu ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Chen Zhu ◽  
Andreas M. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
E6 And E7 ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection identified as a definitive human carcinogen is increasingly being recognized for its role in carcinogenesis of human cancers. Up to 38%–80% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in oropharyngeal location (OPSCC) and nearly all cervical cancers contain the HPV genome which is implicated in causing cancer through its oncoproteins E6 and E7. Given by the biologically distinct HPV-related OPSCC and a more favorable prognosis compared to HPV-negative tumors, clinical trials on de-escalation treatment strategies for these patients have been studied. It is therefore raised the questions for the patient stratification if treatment de-escalation is feasible. Moreover, understanding the crosstalk of HPV-mediated malignancy and immunity with clinical insights from the proportional response rate to immune checkpoint blockade treatments in patients with HNSCC is of importance to substantially improve the treatment efficacy. This review discusses the biology of HPV-related HNSCC as well as successful clinically findings with promising candidates in the pipeline for future directions. With the advent of various sequencing technologies, further biomolecules associated with HPV-related HNSCC progression are currently being identified to be used as potential biomarkers or targets for clinical decisions throughout the continuum of cancer care.

scholarly journals The Jekyll and Hyde of Cellular Senescence in Cancer

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Dilara Demirci ◽  
Bengisu Dayanc ◽  
Fatma Aybuke Mazi ◽  
Serif Senturk
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Great Promise

Cellular senescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest that can be triggered in response to various insults and is characterized by distinct morphological hallmarks, gene expression profiles, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Importantly, cellular senescence is a key component of normal physiology with tumor suppressive functions. In the last few decades, novel cancer treatment strategies exploiting pro-senescence therapies have attracted considerable interest. Recent insight, however, suggests that therapy-induced senescence (TIS) elicits cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous implications that potentially entail detrimental consequences, reflecting the Jekyll and Hyde nature of cancer cell senescence. In essence, the undesirable manifestations that generally culminate in inflammation, cancer stemness, senescence reversal, therapy resistance, and disease recurrence are dictated by the persistent accumulation of senescent cells and the SASP. Thus, mitigating these pro-tumorigenic effects by eliminating these cells or inhibiting their SASP production holds great promise for developing innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe the fundamental aspects and dynamics of cancer cell senescence and summarize the comprehensive research on the adverse outcomes of TIS. Furthermore, we underline the rationale and motivation of emerging senotherapeutic modalities surrounding the removal of senescent cells and the SASP to help maximize the overall efficacy of cancer therapies.

scholarly journals Sarcomas of the head and neck. Prognostic factors and treatment strategies

Cancer ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luir M. Tran ◽  
Rufus Mark ◽  
Robert Meier ◽  
Thomas C. Calcaterra ◽  
Robert G. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Strategies

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of Homotypic Cell Internalization by Nonprofessional Phagocytic Cancer Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Schwegler ◽  
Anna M. Wirsing ◽  
Hannah M. Schenker ◽  
Laura Ott ◽  
Johannes M. Ries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tissue Microarrays ◽  
Cell Internalization ◽  
Cell Structures

Background. In this study, we investigated the prognostic role of homotypic tumor cell cannibalism in different cancer types.Methods. The phenomenon of one cell being internalized into another, which we refer to as “cell-in-cell event,” was assessed in 416 cases from five head and neck cancer cohorts, as well as one anal and one rectal cancer cohort. The samples were processed into tissue microarrays and immunohistochemically stained for E-cadherin and cleaved caspase-3 to visualize cell membranes and apoptotic cell death.Results. Cell-in-cell events were found in all of the cohorts. The frequency ranged from 0.7 to 17.3 cell-in-cell events per mm2. Hardly any apoptotic cells were found within the cell-in-cell structures, although apoptotic cell rates were about 1.6 to two times as high as cell-in-cell rates of the same tissue sample. High numbers of cell-in-cell events showed adverse effects on patients’ survival in the head and neck and in the rectal cancer cohorts. In multivariate analysis, high frequency was an adverse prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with head and neck cancer (p=0.008).Conclusion. Cell-in-cell events were found to predict patient outcomes in various types of cancer better than apoptosis and proliferation and might therefore be used to guide treatment strategies.

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