Automatic Detection of Gastric Wall Structure Based on Oral Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Its Application on Tumor Screening

Gastric cancer is the second most lethal type of malignant tumor in the world. Early diagnosis of gastric cancer can reduce the transformation to advanced cancer and improve the early treatment rate. As a cheap, real-time, non-invasive examination method, oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (OCUS) is a more acceptable way to diagnose gastric cancer than interventional diagnostic methods such as gastroscopy. In this paper, we proposed a new method for the diagnosis of gastric diseases by automatically analyzing the hierarchical structure of gastric wall in gastric ultrasound images, which is helpful to quantify the diagnosis information of gastric diseases and is a useful attempt for early screening of gastric cancer. We designed a gastric wall detection network based on U-net. On this basis, anisotropic diffusion technology was used to extract the layered structure of the gastric wall. A simple and useful gastric cancer screening model was obtained by calculating and counting the thickness of the five-layer structure of the gastric wall. The experimental results showed that our model can accurately identify the gastric wall, and it was found that the layered parameters of abnormal gastric wall is significantly different from that of normal gastric wall. For the screening of gastric disease, a statistical model based on gastric wall stratification can give a screening accuracy of 95% with AUC of 0.92.

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B-Mode and Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography Features of Gastric Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases in Cats

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10081444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1444

Author(s):

Francesco Simeoni ◽

Rossella Terragni ◽

Giuseppe Rubini ◽

Roberto Tamburro ◽

Francesca Del Signore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Wall ◽

Control Group ◽

Wall Thickening ◽

Low Grade ◽

Gastric Diseases ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Quantitative Parameters ◽

Peak Enhancement ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography

Alimentary lymphoma (AL) is the most common malignancy of the feline gastrointestinal tract and may cause variable mild to severe alteration of the gastric wall on ultrasonography (US) that can be very similar to those caused by inflammation (INF). The aim of this prospective study is to establish the value of B-mode and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) in describing specific features of normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic gastric diseases in feline species. B-mode US and CEUS of the stomach were performed in anesthetized cats with or without gastric disorders. Gastric wall qualitative and quantitative parameters were evaluated on B-mode US and CEUS examination. A total of 29 cats were included: six healthy (HEA) cats as the control group; nine INF; three low-grade lymphoma (LGAL); 10 high-grade lymphoma (HGAL). On B-mode US, there were significant differences in thickness, the wall’s layer definition and echogenicity between HGAL and all the other groups (<0.001). For CEUS, statistical differences between groups were found in the following: HGAL vs. HEA, HGAL vs. INF; HGAL vs. LGAL; INF vs. HEA. Diagnostic accuracy (AUC) and cut-off value were calculated and found to be significant for thickness (3.8 mm) for INF vs. LGAL (AUC > 0.70) and “benign” vs. “malignant” (AUC > 0.90) as well as peak enhancement (34.87 dB) for “benign” vs. “malignant” (AUC > 0.70). INF and LGAL showed an overlap of qualitative and quantitative parameters both on B-mode and CEUS, while HGAL usually appears as a severe wall thickening with absent layer definition, high-contrast uptake, a specific enhancement pattern, regional lymphadenopathy and local steatitis. Thickness and peak enhancement can be useful parameters in the characterization of gastric infiltrates in cats.

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Phenotype characteristics of gastric epithelial mucus in patients with different gastric diseases: from superficial gastritis to gastric cancer

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10822

Author(s):

Nannan Dong ◽

Rui Guo ◽

Yuehua Gong ◽

Yuan Yuan

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Gastric Gland ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Phenotypic Change ◽

Gastric Disease ◽

Type I ◽

Gastric Diseases ◽

Type Iii ◽

Superficial Gastritis

Background Gastric gland mucin is important for maintaining the basic function of the gastric mucosa, protecting it from foreign substances and reducing the occurrence of gastric diseases. Exploring the phenotype of gastric gland mucus changes during the progression of gastric disease is of great clinical significance. Methods A total of 483 patients with different gastric diseases were collected in this study, including 82 superficial gastritis (SG), 81 atrophic gastritis (AG), 168 dysplasia (GD), and 152 gastric cancer (GC). Mucin staining was performed using HID-ABpH2.5-PAS method and was further grouped according to the mucin coloration. Results The phenotypic characteristics of mucin during disease progression were divided into neutral, acidic, and mucus-free types. Furthermore, acidic mucus can be divided into type I, type II, and type III. The SG group was dominated by neutral mucus (100%), and the AG was dominated by acid mucus (81.48%), which gradually increased with the severity of atrophy (P < 0.05). The GD and GC groups were dominated by mucus-free (43.45%, 78.29%), and as the degree of GD worsened, neutral and acidic mucus gradually decreased and mucus-free increased (P < 0.001). From the SG, AG, GD, and GC progression, neutral and acidic mucus gradually decreased, and mucus- free gradually increased. Acidic mucin revealed that type III (red-brown black) mucin was predominant in AG, GD, and GC, and increased with the degree of AG, GD, as well as the biological behavior of GC. In the lesion adjacent to high-grade GD or GC, type III acid mucin is predominant. Conclusion There were three mucin phenotypes in the process of gastric diseases. With the disease progression, the trend of phenotypic change was that neutral and acidic mucus gradually decreased and mucus-free increased. The appearance of type III mucin suggested a relatively serious phase of gastric diseases and may be a more suitable candidate for follow-up monitoring of patients with GC risk.

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Difference in Perfusion Parameters Between Gastric Cancer and Gastric Stromal Tumors: Evaluation With Oral Contrast Plus Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.00532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaohua Wang ◽

Hongju Kou ◽

Huiliao He ◽

Mingdong Lu ◽

Lingling Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Oral Contrast ◽

Stromal Tumors ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography

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Comparing single oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the preoperative Borrmann classification of advanced gastric cancer

Oncotarget ◽

10.18632/oncotarget.23819 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 8716-8724 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liang Wang ◽

XiaoHua Wang ◽

HongJu Kou ◽

HuiLiao He ◽

Mingdong Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Advanced Gastric Cancer ◽

Oral Contrast ◽

Double Contrast ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography

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A Comparison between Three Serological Stratification About Early Screening of Gastric Cancer

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3384866 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dongqiong Ni ◽

Bin Lv ◽

Haibiao Bao ◽

Haifeng Jin ◽

Jing Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Early Screening

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The correlation between lncRNAs and Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer

Pathogens and Disease ◽

10.1093/femspd/ftaa004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 77 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Narges Dastmalchi ◽

Seyed Mahdi Banan Khojasteh ◽

Mirsaed Miri Nargesi ◽

Reza Safaralizadeh

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Molecular Pathways ◽

Gastric Diseases ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

H Pylori ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection performs a key role in gastric tumorigenesis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have demonstrated a great potential to be regarded as effective malignancy biomarkers for various gastrointestinal diseases including gastric cancer (GC). The present review highlights the relationship between lncRNAs and H. pylori in GC. Several studies have examined not only the involvement of lncRNAs in H. pylori-associated GC progression but also their molecular mechanisms of action. Among the pertinent studies, some have addressed the effects of H. pylori infection on modulatory networks of lncRNAs, while others have evaluated the effects of changes in the expression level of lncRNAs in H. pylori-associated gastric diseases, especially GC. The relationship between lncRNAs and H. pylori was found to be modulated by various molecular pathways.

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IgG4-related gastric disease with plasma cell-rich obliterative arteritis accompanied by early-stage gastric cancer: a case report

Surgical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/s40792-021-01126-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Masayoshi Obatake ◽

Koichi Sato ◽

Shigehiko Yagi ◽

Hiromi Ohtani ◽

Katsumi Kito

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Plasma Cell ◽

Early Stage ◽

Vascular Lesions ◽

Gastric Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Obliterative Phlebitis ◽

Regional Lymph Node Dissection ◽

Serum Igg4 ◽

Storiform Fibrosis

Abstract Background Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that can involve multiple organs. It is characterized by IgG4-positive plasma cell-rich storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis associated with a high serum IgG4 level. There are few reports of gastric IgG4-RD, especially those detected prior to systemic or other organ involvement. Case presentation: A 70-year-old man was diagnosed with type 0–IIc gastric cancer at the anterior wall of the gastric corpus by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In addition, a submucosal tumor (SMT) 7 mm in diameter was found at the greater curvature of the angulus. Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection was performed. Pathology revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the type 0–IIc lesion and storiform fibrosis with infiltration of a large number of IgG4-positive plasma cells in the SMT. Postoperative laboratory testing showed elevation of serum IgG4 levels; thus, we diagnosed the SMT as IgG4-RD. Intriguingly, the gastric IgG4-RD lesion demonstrated IgG4-positive plasma cell-rich arteritis as well as typical obstructive phlebitis. The patient has been followed for 2 years after surgery without recurrence of cancer, but skin lesions of IgG4-RD have appeared. Conclusion We report a rare case of IgG4-RD presenting as a gastric SMT, accompanied by early-stage gastric cancer. Our case may support a newly proposed relationship between IgG4-RD and malignancies. The gastric IgG4-RD lesion showed arteritis as well as obliterative phlebitis, potentially providing novel insight into IgG4-related vascular lesions.

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How Can We Manage Gallbladder Lesions by Transabdominal Ultrasound?

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11050784 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 784

Author(s):

Shinji Okaniwa

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Layer Structure ◽

Wall Layer ◽

Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Wall Thickening ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Postural Changes ◽

Venous Phase

The most important role of ultrasound (US) in the management of gallbladder (GB) lesions is to detect lesions earlier and differentiate them from GB carcinoma (GBC). To avoid overlooking lesions, postural changes and high-frequency transducers with magnified images should be employed. GB lesions are divided into polypoid lesions (GPLs) and wall thickening (GWT). For GPLs, classification into pedunculated and sessile types should be done first. This classification is useful not only for the differential diagnosis but also for the depth diagnosis, as pedunculated carcinomas are confined to the mucosa. Both rapid GB wall blood flow (GWBF) and the irregularity of color signal patterns on Doppler imaging, and heterogeneous enhancement in the venous phase on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) suggest GBC. Since GWT occurs in various conditions, subdividing into diffuse and focal forms is important. Unlike diffuse GWT, focal GWT is specific for GB and has a higher incidence of GBC. The discontinuity and irregularity of the innermost hyperechoic layer and irregular or disrupted GB wall layer structure suggest GBC. Rapid GWBF is also useful for the diagnosis of wall-thickened type GBC and pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Detailed B-mode evaluation using high-frequency transducers, combined with Doppler imaging and CEUS, enables a more accurate diagnosis.

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