scholarly journals Mean Corpuscular Volume as a Prognostic Factor for Patients With Habitual Alcohol or Tobacco Use After Esophagectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-jie Huang ◽  
Peng-fei Zhan ◽  
Shao-bin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Multiple Primary Malignancies ◽  
Multiple Primary ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to investigate the impact of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent surgical resection.MethodsA total of 615 patients with ESCC who underwent esophagectomy were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the standard MCV: the high MCV group (>100 fl) and the low MCV group (≤100 fl). Survival analyses were performed to calculate overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) and investigate the independent prognostic factors.ResultsFifty-one patients (8.3%) were in the high MCV group, and the other 564 patients (91.7%) were defined as the low MCV group. MCV was significantly correlated with sex, habitual alcohol or tobacco use, tumor length, body mass index, and multiple primary malignancies (P < 0.05). Elevated MCV was significantly correlated with poor survival in univariate and multivariate analyses. However, in subgroup analyses, MCV was found to be correlated with survival only in patients with alcohol or tobacco consumption and not in patients without alcohol or tobacco consumption.ConclusionsPretreatment MCV was correlated with survival in ESCC patients after esophagectomy. However, its prognostic value might only exist in patients with alcohol or tobacco consumption.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Blood Parameters

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Thomas Müller ◽  
Lutz Lohse ◽  
Andreas Blodau ◽  
Katja Frommholz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vitamin D has a steroid- and an anabolic-resembling chemical structure. Vitamin D is essential for many processes in the human body after hydroxylation. Aims of the Study: To investigate the impact of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D plasma concentrations on the blood parameters number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume. Methods: Serial assessments were done in 290 patients with multiple sclerosis and repeated after a mean interval of 245 days. A recommendation for vitamin D supplementation was given in case of a concentration lower than 20 ng/mL combined with a prescription of a formulation containing vitamin D but not vitamin K. Results: There was a fall of vitamin D in 119 subjects and a rise in 164, while no change appeared in 7 participants. When vitamin D values went down between both assessments moments, the computed increase of mean corpuscular haemoglobin was significantly lower compared with the rise of mean corpuscular haemoglobin associated with a vitamin D elevation. When vitamin D declined, the computed fall of mean corpuscular volume fall was significantly lower compared with the decrease of mean corpuscular volume, when vitamin D rose. Positive correlations were found between differences of vitamin D and mean corpuscular haemoglobin, respectively mean corpuscular volume. Inverse relations appeared between disparities of vitamin D and erythrocytes, respectively haematocrit. Conclusions: The elevation of vitamin D plasma levels provides enhanced preconditions for a better tissue oxygenation on a cellular level.

Impact of relapse site on oncological outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 426-426
Author(s):  
Shinichi Yamashita ◽  
Akihiro Ito ◽  
Koji Mitsuzuka ◽  
Yoshihide Kawasaki ◽  
Ichiro Shintaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Radical Nephroureterectomy ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Oncological Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

426 Background: Most upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) are invasive and advanced with a poor prognosis. Patients often relapse after treatment with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). However, little is known about an association between sites of recurrence after RNU and oncological outcomes. The present study retrospectively evaluated the impact of a first recurrence site on survival. Methods: A total of 650 patients with UTUC treated by RNU at 12 institutions that participated in the Tohoku Urological Evidence-Based Medicine Study Group between 2000 and 2011 were initially enrolled. Patients who experienced relapse other than intravesical recurrence after RNU were included in this study. Those who had metastasis at the time of UTUC diagnosis or missing data regarding the time and location of relapse were excluded. Finally, 173 patients were eligible to participate in this study. Survival rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test, and factors predicting survival were assessed using multivariate analyses. Results: The median follow-up after relapse was nine months. The cancer-specific survival rates at one and two years after relapse were 49% and 22%, respectively. Cancer in 59 (34%), 32 (18%), 23 (13%), and 94 (53%) patients recurred in the lung, liver, bone and lymph nodes, and 23 (13%) had local recurrence. The one-year cancer-specific survival rates were 44%, 27%, 22% and 52% among patients with metastasis of the lungs, liver, bone and lymph nodes respectively, and 41% among those with local recurrence. The survival rate was worse among 48 patients with metastasis at multiple sites, than in those with metastasis at a single site. Fourteen (8%) patients with a single lymph, lung or local recurrence survived for over three years after a first relapse. Multivariate analyses selected the liver, bone and local recurrence as critical factors for cancer-specific survival. Conclusions: Liver or bone metastasis was a negative prognostic factor for UTUC with relapse after RNU. Information about recurrence sites might be helpful for patient counseling.

scholarly journals Impact of Tobacco Expenditure on Household Spending Patterns in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Magati ◽  
Leopold Mureithi ◽  
Wilfred Nyangena
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Household Spending ◽  
Engel Curves ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

Despite measures to control tobacco use in Kenya, there is still an increasing importance in the use of tobacco. This is seen by the growth in per capita consumption over time. Tobacco, being an addictive product, creates a situation where consumers allocate part of their resources towards its consumption and therefore positions the use of tobacco as an important expenditure decision in households in Kenya. Due to budget constraints faced by households in Kenya, tobacco consumption may crowd out consumption of essential goods and services. This paper therefore focuses on the impact of tobacco expenditure on household spending patterns in Kenya. Using the 2005/2006 Kenya Integrated Household and Budget survey, a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System was used to estimate a system of Engel curves to check whether the differences in expenditure between the two types of households is as a result of tobacco use or not. Results suggest that tobacco crowds out the consumption of food, health care, schooling, clothing, entertainment, house care, and personal care. Geographical location and socio-economic standing of households have a significant influence on the magnitude and pattern of crowding out. The policy implication of this finding is that tobacco control should be an integral part of governments’ poverty alleviation strategy.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence, risk factors and impact of Toxoplasma gondii infection on haematological parameters in the Ashanti region of Ghana: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Samuel Kekeli Agordzo ◽  
Kingsley Badu ◽  
Mathew Glover Addo ◽  
Christian Kwasi Owusu ◽  
Abdul-Hakim Mutala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
The Impact

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular, apicomplexan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. Although the global prevalence of toxoplasmosis has been estimated to be approximately 30%, there is limited seroprevalence data in Ghana, with a dearth of information on the impact of T. gondii on haematological parameters in exposed persons. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 300 consenting individuals to obtain demographic information and assessment of their risk of exposure to T. gondii. Using anti- T. gondii IgG/IgM combo test kits, seropositivity to parasite-specific IgG and/or IgM was determined. A haematological analyser was used to measure haematological parameters. Results: There was an overall seroprevalence of 50.3% (n=151), with 49.7% (n=149) of the study participants seropositive for IgG and 1% (n=3) testing positive for IgM. Furthermore, the observed seroprevalence among pregnant women was 56.4% (n=62). With regard to settlement type, a seroprevalence of 55.6% was observed in the rural community, 50.6% in the peri-urban community and 47.1% in the urban community. The study identified cat ownership, contact with cat litter, contact with raw meat  [RR (95% CI: 1.76 (1.23-2.53), 1.66 (1.03-2.67), 1.25(1.00-1.57)] and age (p<0.001) as risk factors for infection. Analyses of haematological data revealed significant reduction in the white blood cell, lymphocytes and mean corpuscular volume levels in seropositive males (p=0.0223, 0.0275, and 0.0271) respectively. Only the mean corpuscular volume of seropositive females reduced significantly as compared to the seronegative counterparts (p=0.0035).  Conclusions: About half of the study population, including women of reproductive age carried antibodies against T. gondii, raising concerns about the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis and anaemia. We, therefore, recommend that screening for Toxoplasma gondii be included in the routine screening of pregnant women seeking antenatal care and further investigation should be conducted on the haematological implications of infection in humans.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ‘Shisha No Thanks’ – A Codesign Social Marketing Campaign on the Harms of Waterpipe Smoking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Chan ◽  
Nouhad El-Haddad ◽  
Becky Freeman ◽  
Ross MacKenzie ◽  
Dalya Karezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Marketing Campaign ◽  
Social Marketing Campaign ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Waterpipe (shisha) is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, particularly among young people; and in some countries, it is one of the few forms of tobacco use that is increasing. While there is a growing body of evidence of the harms of waterpipe smoke, there is a scarcity of research of interventions to address this form of tobacco consumption. Methods: The Shisha No Thanks project was a codesign social marketing campaign that aimed to raise awareness of the harms of waterpipe smoking among young people from an Arabic speaking background in Sydney, Australia. The campaign distributed material through social media and community events. We evaluated the project through an SMS community panel using a longitudinal study design. The cohort were sent questions before and after the project asking about their awareness of messages of harms, attitudes, intention to reduce waterpipe smoking, and awareness of support services. Data was analysed as matched pre- post- data. Results: The evaluation recruited 133 people to the panel. There was a significantly greater proportion of people who reported seeing, hearing or reading something about the harms of waterpipe smoking after the campaign (67.5%) compared with before (45.0%) (c2=9.03, p=0.003). Post-campaign, there were higher proportions of people who strongly agreed that waterpipe smoking causes damage, and that it contains cancer-causing substances, but these increases were not statistically significant. There was low awareness of waterpipe cessation services at baseline and post campaign (22.5%). Conclusions: The Shisha No Thanks project increased awareness of messages about the harms of waterpipe smoking. Although this is a small study, the longitudinal evaluation findings have international relevance and make a useful contribution to the understanding of the impact such interventions can have in addressing one of the few forms of tobacco use that is growing in both developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Multiple Primary Tumours, How Frequent we can Offer Curative Therapy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Omima Elemam ◽  
Seham Abdelkhalek ◽  
Doaa Abdelmoety ◽  
Reem Baraka ◽  
Mervat Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Multiple Primary Malignancies ◽  
Multiple Primary ◽  
The Impact

Background: Patients with Multiple-primary Malignancies are usually excluded from clinical trials. Clinical information re-distribution, associations, response to treatment and prognosis are scared. Collecting information will help us to expect the impact of prior therapies and to teach us how to best treat them. This study aims to report cases in our society and to see if we have a special predilection of certain Multiple-primary Malignancies in our region based on different geographic and environmental risk factors. Our retrospective study aims to collect these cases and follow their prognosis and treatment response as well as looking for any relation to cancer therapy. Methods: A retrospective study included patients who have two or more histologically diverse primary malignancy, either as synchronous or metachronous malignancy. The study was conducted in King Abdullah Medical City, Saudi Arabia over 7 years period from 2012 to 2019. We collected all patient’s clinicopathological information, treatment, and modalities. Results: We collected 53 cases of multiple primary malignancies 26were synchronous (48%) and 27 were metachronous (52%). Out of 53 patients, 29 (60 %) were females and 14 (40 %) were males. The most common sites for synchronous are breast and endometrial cancer. Curative treatment could be offered in 19 patients (73%). For metachronous tumours, the most common primary tumour was breast cancer, while the most common second malignancy was colorectal cancer. Curative treatment could be offered in 15 patients (53%). Conclusion: Multiple primary malignancies represent a small proportion of our cases, with no special predilection in our society. Multiple primary malignancies did not signify a poor prognosis; besides nonmetastatic cases showed a good response to therapy. We should not forget the possibility of a second primary tumour as these cases can be reasonably treated with curative intent.   

The heterogeneous impact of a successful tobacco control campaign: a case study of Mauritius

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Ross ◽  
Leelmanee Moussa ◽  
Tom Harris ◽  
Rajive Ajodhea
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Income Households

BackgroundMauritius has one of the highest smoking prevalences in Africa, contributing to its high burden of non-communicable diseases. Mauritius implemented a series of tobacco control measures from 2009 to 2012, including tobacco tax increases. There is evidence that these policies reduced tobacco consumption, but it is not clear what impact they had across different socioeconomic groups.MethodThe impact of tobacco control measures on different income groups was analysed by contrasting household tobacco expenditures reported in 2006–2007 and 2012 household expenditure surveys. We employed the seemingly unrelated regression model to assess the impact of tobacco use on other household expenditures and calculated Gini coefficients to assess tobacco expenditure inequality.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2012, excise taxes and retail cigarette prices increased by 40.6% and 15.3% in real terms, respectively. These increases were accompanied by numerous non-price tobacco control measures. The share of tobacco-consuming households declined from 35.7% to 29.3%, with the largest relative drop among low-income households. The Gini coefficient of household tobacco expenditures increased by 10.4% due to decreased spending by low-income households. Low-income households demonstrated the largest fall in their tobacco budget shares, and the impact of tobacco consumption on poverty decreased by 26.2%. Households that continued purchasing tobacco reduced their expenditures on transportation, communication, health, and education.ConclusionsThese results suggest that tobacco control policies, including sizeable tax increases, were progressive in their impact. We conclude that tobacco use increases poverty and inequality, but stronger tobacco control policies can mitigate the impact of tobacco use on impoverishment.

scholarly journals Effects of Prices on Youth Cigarette Smoking and Tobacco Use Initiation in Ghana and Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Asare ◽  
Michal Stoklosa ◽  
Jeffrey Drope ◽  
Aidan Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
African Region ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Background Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cigarette Prices

Background: Population growth in the African region is set to outpace the rate of decline in smoking prevalence, leading to a projected increase in the total number of smokers. As most tobacco users initiate during their adolescent years, tobacco prevention strategies targeting youth will be particularly important. Methods: This study estimated the impact of cigarette prices on youth cigarette smoking and tobacco use initiation in Ghana and Nigeria using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey data. First, we used cross-section data and logit models to estimate the effects of prices on youth cigarette smoking. Second, we created pseudo longitudinal data and used continuous-time hazard models to evaluate the impact of cigarette prices on tobacco use initiation. Results: We found that higher cigarette prices decreased both 30-day cigarette smoking and tobacco use onset significantly in both Ghana and Nigeria. Additionally, the price elasticity of cigarette smoking and tobacco use initiation ranged from −0.44 to −1.13, and −1.04 to −3.66, respectively. Conclusions: As one of the first studies on youth tobacco consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa, this study strongly suggests that policies that increase real cigarette prices can lower both cigarette smoking and tobacco use initiation among youth in Ghana and Nigeria.

Multiple Primary Malignancies in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
H. Iguchi ◽  
M. Kusuki ◽  
A. Nakamura ◽  
A. Kanazawa ◽  
K. Hachiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Multiple Primary Malignancies ◽  
Multiple Primary

Prevalence of anaemia and it's associated risk factors among under five children at Mukinge Missions Hospital in Kasempa District: Retrospective Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Sampa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Mission Hospital ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

BACKGROUND Anemia is a worldwide major problem known to affect people throughout the world. It has an adverse effect on both the social and economic development. The worldwide prevalence of anemia is 9% in developed nations. The global estimate indicates that 293.1 million of children under five years, approximately 43%, are anaemic worldwide and 28.5% of these children are found in sub Saharan Africa. In Zambia specifically Kasempa, no documented studies on prevalence have been done. Despite iron supplementation being given to pregnant women and the availability of blood transfusion. The burden of the disease remains high as determined by high mortality and morbidity. This study aims at determining the prevalence of anemia and the associated risk factors among under-five children at Mukinge Mission Hospital in Kasempa District. Knowledge of prevalence and the associated risk factors of anaemia will enhance early detection and timely management. OBJECTIVE 1.To determine the hemoglobin status of anaemia by its severity among anaemic under-five children admitted at Mukinge Mission Hospital. 2.To assess the association of anaemia with Malaria among under-five children admitted at Mukinge Mission Hospital. METHODS This was a retrospective study review of under-five children that were diagnosed and managed of Anemia at Mukinge Missions Hospital, over the period of period of 2015, 2017 and 2018. .Data of the variables of interest was extracted and analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS A sample population of 52 children was included in our study. The majority of the children were females 28 (53.8 %) and 24 (46.2 %) were Males. It was found that moderate and severe anaemia was 17.3% and 82.7 % respectively. Additionally, Majority of the anaemic children (75%) had Normocytic anaemia. The Pearson Chi square test revealed no statistical relationship between the variables; Malaria (p=0.58), Age (P=0.82), Gender (P=0.91). CONCLUSIONS According to our study, 39 (75%) had normal mean corpuscular volume which could suggest chronic diseases and sickle cell anemia. 11 (21.2%) had a low mean corpuscular volume indicating Microcytic anemia which could suggest diseases such as iron deficiency and thalassemia among many other causes. However, we were unable to determine the specific cause of anemia.

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