scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Children’s Allergic Diseases: Refocusing the Role of the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Hu ◽  
Yinmiao Dong ◽  
Chenghao Yang ◽  
Mingyi Zhao ◽  
Qingnan He
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Heterogeneous Cluster ◽  
Infant Diet ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Allergic diseases comprise a genetically heterogeneous cluster of immunologically mediated diseases, including asthma, food allergy (FA), allergic rhinitis (AR) and eczema, that have become major worldwide health problems. Over the past few decades, the spread of allergic diseases has displayed an increasing trend, and it has been reported that 22% of 1.39 billion people in 30 countries have a type of allergic disease. Undoubtedly, allergic diseases, which can be chronic, with significant morbidity, mortality and dynamic progression, impose major economic burdens on society and families; thus, exploring the cause of allergic diseases and reducing their prevalence is a top priority. Recently, it has been reported that the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota can provide vital signals for the development, function, and regulation of the immune system, and the above-mentioned contributions make the GI microbiota a key player in allergic diseases. Notably, the GI microbiota is highly influenced by the mode of delivery, infant diet, environment, antibiotic use and so on. Specifically, changes in the environment can result in the dysbiosis of the GI microbiota. The proper function of the GI microbiota depends on a stable cellular composition which in the case of the human microbiota consists mainly of bacteria. Large shifts in the ratio between these phyla or the expansion of new bacterial groups lead to a disease-promoting imbalance, which is often referred to as dysbiosis. And the dysbiosis can lead to alterations of the composition of the microbiota and subsequent changes in metabolism. Further, the GI microbiota can affect the physiological characteristics of the human host and modulate the immune response of the host. The objectives of this review are to evaluate the development of the GI microbiota, the main drivers of the colonization of the GI tract, and the potential role of the GI microbiota in allergic diseases and provide a theoretical basis as well as molecular strategies for clinical practice.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Plasmalogens in the Modulation of Biomembrane Morphology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakaria A. Almsherqi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Membrane Transformation

Plasmalogens are a subclass of cell membrane glycerophospholipids that typically include vinyl- ether bond at the sn-1 position and polyunsaturated fatty acid at the sn-2 position. They are highly abundant in the neuronal, immune, and cardiovascular cell membranes. Despite the abundance of plasmalogens in a plethora of cells, tissues, and organs, the role of plasmalogens remains unclear. Plasmalogens are required for the proper function of integral membrane proteins, lipid rafts, cell signaling, and differentiation. More importantly, plasmalogens play a crucial role in the cell as an endogenous antioxidant that protects the cell membrane components such as phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids, and lipoproteins from oxidative stress. The incorporation of vinyl-ether linked with alkyl chains in phospholipids alter the physicochemical properties (e.g., the hydrophilicity of the headgroup), packing density, and conformational order of the phospholipids within the biomembranes. Thus, plasmalogens play a significant role in determining the physical and chemical properties of the biomembrane such as its fluidity, thickness, and lateral pressure of the biomembrane. Insights on the important structural and functional properties of plasmalogens may help us to understand the molecular mechanism of membrane transformation, vesicle formation, and vesicular fusion, especially at the synaptic vesicles where plasmalogens are rich and essential for neuronal function. Although many aspects of plasmalogen phospholipid involvement in membrane transformation identified through in vitro experiments and membrane mimic systems, remain to be confirmed in vivo, the compiled data show many intriguing properties of vinyl-ether bonded lipids that may play a significant role in the structural and morphological changes of the biomembranes. In this review, we present the current limited knowledge of the emerging potential role of plasmalogens as a modulator of the biomembrane morphology.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Social Media Platforms in Community Awareness of Antibiotic Use in the Gulf Cooperation Council States: Luxury or Necessity?

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. e233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam Mamoon Zowawi ◽  
Malak Abedalthagafi ◽  
Florie A Mar ◽  
Turki Almalki ◽  
Abdullah H Kutbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Social Media Platforms

scholarly journals Fish Consumption at One Year of Age Reduces the Risk of Eczema, Asthma and Wheeze at Six Years of Age

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Øien ◽  
Schjelvaag ◽  
Storrø ◽  
Johnsen ◽  
Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Infant Diet ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background: The role of dietary fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-PUFAs) in the primary prevention of allergic diseases remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the consumption of fish and cod liver oil (rich in n-PUFAs) from pregnancy to the first two years of life, and parental reported allergic diseases at six years of age. Methods: We used data from the Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim study and included mother-infant pairs who had submitted questionnaires detailing both maternal or infant diet and allergic disease at six years of age. Results: Eating fish at least once a week at one year of age was associated with a 28–34% reduction in the odds of current eczema, asthma, and wheeze at six years of age. Cod liver oil consumption at least four times per week at one year of age tended to be associated with a lower risk of allergy-related outcomes at six years. We found no consistent associations between allergy-related outcomes and fish or cod liver oil consumption by mothers. Conclusion: The preventive effect of fish consumption is best achieved by increasing dietary fish in the first year of life.

scholarly journals Chitin and chitinases in allergic reactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
S N Kulikov ◽  
Yu A Tyurin ◽  
D A Dolbin ◽  
R S Fassakhov ◽  
S N Kulikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
T Helper 2

Chitin - the structural component of fungal cell wall, arthropodal exoskeleton, microfilarial sheat and egg of helminths. Allergens of this organisms cause allergic diseases. The potential role of chitin in allergic reactions has been discussed. Other studies have suggested that chitin preparations may skew immunity away from T-helper-2-mediated allergic responses. Chitinases, enzymes that can degrade chitin polymer, and chitinase-like proteins might also play an important role in allergic disease pathogenesis.

scholarly journals The Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Prevention of Allergic Diseases in Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Sestito ◽  
Enza D'Auria ◽  
Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre ◽  
Silvia Salvatore ◽  
Valeria Tallarico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
English Language ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
Optimal Intervention

Allergic diseases have been linked to genetic and/or environmental factors, such as antibiotic use, westernized high fat and low fiber diet, which lead to early intestinal dysbiosis, and account for the rise in allergy prevalence, especially in western countries. Allergic diseases have shown reduced microbial diversity, including fewer lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, within the neonatal microbiota, before the onset of atopic diseases. Raised interest in microbiota manipulating strategies to restore the microbial balance for atopic disease prevention, through prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics supplementation, has been reported. We reviewed and discussed the role of prebiotics and/or probiotics supplementation for allergy prevention in infants. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Database using keywords relating to “allergy” OR “allergic disorders,” “prevention” AND “prebiotics” OR “probiotics” OR “synbiotics.” We limited our evaluation to papers of English language including children aged 0–2 years old. Different products or strains used, different period of intervention, duration of supplementation, has hampered the draw of definitive conclusions on the clinical impact of probiotics and/or prebiotics for prevention of allergic diseases in infants, except for atopic dermatitis in infants at high-risk. This preventive effect on eczema in high-risk infants is supported by clear evidence for probiotics but only moderate evidence for prebiotic supplementation. However, the optimal prebiotic or strain of probiotic, dose, duration, and timing of intervention remains uncertain. Particularly, a combined pre- and post-natal intervention appeared of stronger benefit, although the definition of the optimal intervention starting time during gestation, the timing, and duration in the post-natal period, as well as the best target population, are still an unmet need.

scholarly journals A Western Dietary Pattern is Related with Allergic Rhinitis in Young Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadis Rezapour ◽  
Mohammad Fereidouni ◽  
Zahra Asadi ◽  
Mansoore Saharkhiz ◽  
Malaksima Ayadilord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Abstract Background: There has been an increasing prevalence of allergic disorders globally, and it may be useful to characterize the predisposing and protective factors for the development of allergy. Diet has been identified as one possible environmental factor implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The goal of this study was to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns with the presence of allergies in a group of young women in East of Iran Methods: In total 181 female students enrolled in this study. Presence of allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma and eczema was confirmed by an expert allergist. Information about dietary intake was collected by using a 65-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the relationships among food/nutrition variables. Result: Multivariate odds ratio of having AR was 2.5 (95% CI:1.1-5.1) for the highest compared to lowest tertile of the Western dietary pattern score. But, no significant relationship was found between the traditional dietary pattern and AR, asthma or eczema. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a potential role of Western dietary pattern, characterized by being rich in dairy products, snack, nuts and sugar in the development of AR. Since diet is a modifiable impetus, the relationship between AR and Western dietary pattern may has a clinical application, particularly in those who has risk factors for developing AR.

scholarly journals Gut Microbial Changes, Interactions, and Their Implications on Human Lifecycle: An Ageing Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravichandra Vemuri ◽  
Rohit Gundamaraju ◽  
Madhur D. Shastri ◽  
Shakti Dhar Shukla ◽  
Krishnakumar Kalpurath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Diseased State ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Commensal Relationship

Gut microbiota is established during birth and evolves with age, mostly maintaining the commensal relationship with the host. A growing body of clinical evidence suggests an intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and the immune system. With ageing, the gut microbiota develops significant imbalances in the major phyla such as the anaerobic Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as well as a diverse range of facultative organisms, resulting in impaired immune responses. Antimicrobial therapy is commonly used for the treatment of infections; however, this may also result in the loss of normal gut flora. Advanced age, antibiotic use, underlying diseases, infections, hormonal differences, circadian rhythm, and malnutrition, either alone or in combination, contribute to the problem. This nonbeneficial gastrointestinal modulation may be reversed by judicious and controlled use of antibiotics and the appropriate use of prebiotics and probiotics. In certain persistent, recurrent settings, the option of faecal microbiota transplantation can be explored. The aim of the current review is to focus on the establishment and alteration of gut microbiota, with ageing. The review also discusses the potential role of gut microbiota in regulating the immune system, together with its function in healthy and diseased state.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

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