scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and the Risk Factors of Hepatic Injury in 221 Children With Infectious Mononucleosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Shu Cui ◽  
Guoshun Mao ◽  
Guitao Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr Virus infection is a common acute infectious disease in children. About 40–80% of children with infectious mononucleosis have hepatic injury, and hepatic failure is one of the main causes of death in patients with fatal infectious mononucleosis. Identifying the demographics, presenting clinical characteristics and the risk factors of hepatic injury in infectious mononucleosis children are helpful to remind clinicians which patients are prone to have hepatic damage.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a 31-month retrospective review was performed on all infectious mononucleosis children hospitalized in the pediatric department of Fuyang People's Hospital. Demographic data, presenting features, radiology imaging, clinical and laboratory parameters, and clinical outcomes of infectious mononucleosis children were collected.Results: Two-hundred twenty-one infectious mononucleosis inpatients were enrolled, and 43.9% (97/221) patients were considered to have a hepatic injury (defined as alanine amino transaminase > 40 U/L). Compared with patients without hepatic injury, hepatic injury patients were marked with a significantly higher percentage of hepatomegaly (31 vs. 49%), splenomegaly (58 vs. 81%) and palpebral edema (47 vs. 63%), higher age (3.05 ± 2.12 vs. 3.84 ± 2.44), hospitalization days (6.85 ± 2.64 vs. 8.08 ± 2.83), leukocyte (14.24 ± 5.32 vs. 18.53 ± 8.63), lymphocytes (9.48 ± 4.49 vs. 13.80 ± 7.47), the proportion of atypical lymphocytes (0.12 ± 0.07 vs. 0.15 ± 0.08) and aspartate aminotransferase (33.71 ± 10.94 vs. 107.82 ± 93.52). The results of correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis indicated that age (OR = 1.185; 95% CI = 1.035–1.357, p = 0.014), female (OR = 2.002, 95% CI: 0.261–0.955, p = 0.036) and splenomegaly (OR = 2.171, 95% CI: 1.018–4.628, p = 0.045) were independent risk factors of hepatic injury.Conclusions: In this study, the hepatic injury was associated with gender, age, and splenomegaly, which improved our understanding of risk factors about hepatic injury among infectious mononucleosis children.

Comparative analysis of ocular redness score evaluated automatically in glaucoma patients under different topical medications

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212096961
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Giannaccare ◽  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
Federico Bernabei ◽  
Carlotta Senni ◽  
Maria Aloi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Topical Medications

Purpose: To compare ocular redness score calculated automatically between glaucoma patients and healthy controls, and to assess the associations between this score and both demographical and clinical characteristics. Methods: Glaucoma patients under different topical medications and matched controls were enrolled in this observational cross-sectional study. The Keratograph 5M (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) was used to automatically measure 5 redness scores: global; nasal bulbar; temporal bulbar; nasal limbal; temporal limbal. The Student t and ANOVA tests were used to compare continuous variables between groups. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations between redness scores and the use of different active principles. Results: One hundred two glaucoma patients and 32 controls were included. Ocular redness scores were significantly higher in glaucoma patients compared to controls (always p < 0.001). The number of active principles was significantly associated with all the redness scores (always p < 0.05). The use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) was the strongest predictor of overall redness, followed by prostaglandin analogs (PAs) and alpha-adrenergic agonists (AAAs) (respectively, β = 0.400, p = 0.002; β = 0.330, p = 0.013; β = 0.311, p = 0.044). The post hoc analysis measuring the effect of different PAs on redness scores showed that overall redness and bulbar nasal redness scores were significantly lower in patients using tafluprost and latanoprost compared to those using travoprost and bimatoprost 0.01% (respectively, p = 0.025 and p = 0.024). Conclusion: Ocular redness was significantly higher in patients with glaucoma compared to control subjects. The number of active principles and the use of PAs, CAIs and AAAs were associated with higher redness scores.

scholarly journals Association Between Alexithymia, Social Support, and Duration of Methamphetamine Use Among Male Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Cui ◽  
Fangshuo Cheng ◽  
Qiuyu Yuan ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Methamphetamine Dependence

Introduction: China has 1.18 million methamphetamine abusers. Among the illegal drugs in China, methamphetamine has the highest abuse rate. Although previous studies have indicated a positive relationship between alexithymia and declining social support, the incidence of alexithymia, the total duration of methamphetamine dependence, social support, and the relationships between them among methamphetamine-dependent patients in the Chinese population have been rarely reported.Methods: A total of 113 methamphetamine-dependent patients (all male, mean age 30.45 ± 3.81 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. General demographic data were collected. Alexithymia and social support were measured by Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: Duration of methamphetamine use among Chinese male methamphetamine-dependent patients in compulsory detoxification was 8.01 ± 3.80 years on average, 23% (26/113) methamphetamine-dependent patients were considered to have alexithymia personality traits. Compared with short-duration methamphetamine-dependent patients (≤8 years), long-duration methamphetamine-dependent patients (&gt; 8 years) were characterized by older age, higher incidence of alexithymia, less subjective social support and support availability, and greater difficulty in identifying feelings. The results of correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the total duration of methamphetamine use was positively correlated with difficulty in identifying feelings, but negatively correlated with subjective social support.Conclusions: This study provides support for an association between the duration of methamphetamine use and difficulty in identifying feelings or subjective social support. Although the causality is still unclear, this finding should be considered in the psychotherapy of methamphetamine rehabilitation.

Predictors of Antenatal Depression in Pregnant Couples

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110652
Author(s):  
Jiwon Oh ◽  
Sukhee Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Pregnant women and their partners are at an increased risk of antenatal depression. Therefore, this cross-sectional study of data from 116 couples investigated predictors of maternal and paternal antenatal depression using sociodemographic data, women’s risk factors for depression during the antenatal period, women’s perceived stress, and antenatal depression in the other partner. Pregnant women had higher depression scores (7.4 ± 4.7) and a higher frequency of being at high risk for depression (25.9%) than their spouses (4.6 ± 3.5, 9.5%). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the statistically significant predictors of antenatal depression in pregnant women were perceived stress (β = .45, p < .001) and antenatal depression risk factors (β = .30, p = .002) and in spouses, women’s antenatal depression risk factors (β = .29, p = .013). The present findings suggest that nurses should intervene to mitigate the risk of maternal antenatal depression and perceived stress to prevent depression in pregnant couples.

Prevalence of Types, Frequency and Risk Factors for Complications after Exodontia

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Impacted Tooth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars

Background: Exodontia is one of the most frequently carried out procedures by a dental surgeon, mostly on an outpatient department basis. The reasons for performing exodontia include non-restorable teeth, periodontal disease, dental trauma, impacted tooth, orthodontic treatment and toothache. Complications in dental extraction are a commonly encountered problem in dental clinics. This knowledge can help dental surgeons make extractions less invasive, traumatic and complicated, enabling quicker recovery of the socket. The aim of this study was to recognize types, frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients who had exodontia done from July- September 2019, visiting OPD of the Oral surgery department of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Risk factors included demographic data, general health, past medical and dental history. Spearman’s correlation test was used to establish any relationship of variables with complications. Results: The study patients (126) included 72 females (mean age 39.1±13.39) and 54 males (mean age 41.1±14.93). The overall complications rate was found to be 7.1%, mainly arising from maxillary and mandibular third molars. The most common complications encountered were Hemorrhage, Pain, and Trismus. Increasing age and specific teeth extracted were associated with an increased risk for complications. However, post-operative complications which were encountered most of them were minor and handled on an outpatient department basis. Conclusion: Frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia were found low3 (37.5%). While age and teeth extracted cannot be directly altered, these factors maybe indirectly modified, resulting in a potential decrease of postoperative complications.

scholarly journals The Clinical Investigation of Disparity of Utility Values Associated with Gallstone Disease: A Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Te Hsu ◽  
Yi Liao ◽  
Jorn-Hon Liu ◽  
Tao-Hsin Tung
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Utility Values ◽  
Utility Evaluation

Purpose. The utility evaluation was an effective method to incorporate all of the contributing variables for multiple diseases into one outcome measure. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the utility values associated with varying states of gallstone disease among outpatient clinics participants at a teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan.Methods. The utility values were measured by using time trade-off method. A total of 120 outpatient clinics participants (30 subjects with no gallstone disease, 30 subjects with single stone, 30 subjects with multiple stones, and 30 subjects with cholecystectomy) evaluated utility values from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006. The diagnosis of gallstone disease was performed by a panel of specialists using ultrasound sonography.Results. The overall mean utility value was0.89±0.13(95% CI: 0.87–0.91) indicating that study participants were willing to trade about 11% (95% CI: 9–13%) of their remaining life in return for being free of gallstone disease perpetually. The significant associated factors of utility values based on the multiple linear regression analysis were older age and different degrees of gallstone disease.Conclusion. Our results found that in addition to older age, multiple stones and cholecystectomy could influence utility values from the patient’s preference-based viewpoint.

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Hameed ◽  
Faisal Faiyaz Zuberi ◽  
Sagheer Hussain ◽  
Syed Khalid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective: To evaluate risk factors having significant effect on mortality of smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) inpatients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University Hospital Ojha Campus, Karachi. One hundred and seventy (170) inpatients of smear positive PTB confirmed by Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear, aged between 13-80 years were enrolled by using consecutive sampling technique while patients with drug resistant Tuberculosis (TB) and extra pulmonary TB were excluded from the study. Selected patients were interviewed for collecting demographic data and risk factor data by using a standard questionnaire. Results: Out of 170 PTB inpatients, mortality was observed in 23 (13.5%) patients among which male patients were 12 (52.2%), and female were 11 (47.8%). Mortality was significantly associated with increasing age (p=0.003), socioeconomic status (p=0.019), anemia (p=0.03), Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) (p=0.005), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (p=0.001), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (p=0.007), Hypertension (HTN) (p=0.006), recurrent TB (p=0.001), and smoking (p=0.001). Conclusion: Increasing age, poverty, smoking history, and presence of comorbidities like DM, CLD, HIV, hypertension, and anemia are associated with higher mortality in smear positive PTB cases. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.919 How to cite this:Hameed S, Zuberi FF, Hussain S, Ali SK. Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.919 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Analysis of Corneal Spherical Aberrations in Chinese Bilateral Ectopia Lentis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Chen ◽  
Yating Tang ◽  
Qinghe Jing ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Yongxiang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Measurement ◽  
Ectopia Lentis ◽  
Corneal Asphericity ◽  
Optical Zone ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Purpose: To analyze the anterior, posterior, and total corneal spherical aberrations (ASA, PSA, and TSA) in patients with Chinese bilateral ectopia lentis (EL).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate corneal spherical aberration (CSA) using a Pentacam system at the 6-mm optical zone. Axial length, keratometry, astigmatism, and corneal asphericity were also determined.Results: This study included 247 patients (420 eyes) with a mean age of 18.1 years. The values of ASA, PSA, and TSA were 0.136 ± 0.100 μm, −0.118 ± 0.030 μm, and 0.095 ± 0.095 μm, respectively. In the EL patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS), ASA and TSA were significantly lower than in the non-MFS patients (0.126 ± 0.094 μm vs. 0.155 ± 0.107 μm, P = 0.004 for ASA; 0.085 ± 0.091 μm vs. 0.114 ± 0.099 μm, P = 0.003 for TSA), whereas PSA was not significantly different (P = 0.061). The values of ASA and TSA were significantly higher in the patients with EL aged ≥ 40 years old than in younger patients, whereas ASA and PSA were lower in patients aged &lt;10 years old than in older patients (all P &lt; 0.05). In the multiple linear regression analysis, age, keratometry, astigmatism, anterior asphericity, higher-order aberration (HOA), and lower-order aberration (LOA) were positively or negatively correlated with TSA in the patients with EL (r = 0.681, P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: Corneal spherical aberration was low in the patients with EL especially for MFS and tended to increase with aging. Preoperatively, individual measurement of CSA was necessary for bilateral EL patients with MFS.

scholarly journals Association of Salivary Statherin, Calcium, and Proline-Rich Proteins on Oral Hygiene: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Deepak Gowda Sadashivappa Pateel ◽  
Shilpa Gunjal ◽  
Liew Fong Fong ◽  
Nur Sulwana Mohd Hanapi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Saliva, as a complex biofluid, plays a pivotal role in maintaining oral health and tooth integrity. There has been inconsistent data available on the relationship between salivary parameters and oral health. This study aims to investigate the association between salivary statherin, acidic proline-rich proteins (aPRP), and calcium with oral hygiene status. Methods. One hundred and eighty-eight healthy subjects aged between 18 and 50 years with varying oral hygiene status who gave consent to participate were included in this cross-sectional study. The subjects were recruited from primary oral health care of MAHSA University. Oral hygiene of all the participants was measured using Oral Hygiene Index–Simplified (OHI-S). Stimulated saliva collected using paraffin wax was analyzed for salivary statherin, aPRP, and calcium. The relationship between salivary statherin, aPRP, and calcium levels with OHI-S was assessed using Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient; the strength of relationship was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results. The study found a weak positive correlation (r = 0.179, p  = 0.014) between salivary statherin and OHI-S; weak negative correlation (r = −0.187, p  = 0.010) between salivary aPRP and OHI-S; and moderate negative correlation between salivary statherin and salivary aPRP levels (r = −0.50, p  < 0.001) which were statistically significant. Conclusion. Poor oral hygiene is associated with increased statherin and reduced aPRP levels in saliva. Thus, these salivary components may have a role in predicting oral hygiene status.

Difficulties Imposed on the Parent–Child Relationship Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110675
Author(s):  
Iraklis Grigoropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Parent Child

The present study tested whether emotionally burdened parents due to the COVID-19 pandemic might appraise their relationship with their children more negatively. The current cross-sectional study was circulated through social media. A total of 265 respondents took part in the study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between predictor variables and the parent–child relationship. This study’s results report that older fathers with higher levels of COVID-19 related fear are more likely to appraise negatively their relationship with their children. Therefore, this study suggests the need for family-level strategies to address better the psychological aspects related to the pandemic outbreak.

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