scholarly journals Combination of Botulinum Toxin and minocycline Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain Through Antioxidant Stress and Anti-Inflammation via Promoting SIRT1 Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yu ◽  
Jiayu Liu ◽  
Le Sun ◽  
Yusheng Wang ◽  
Hongmei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Stress ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Neuropathic pain (NP) is one of the intractable complications of spinal cord injury (SCI), with poor prognosis and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. This study aims to determine the treatment effect and mechanism of multimodal therapies in a rat model of SCI-induced NP by combining treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent minocycline (MC) and botulinum toxin (BoNT). The combined utilization alleviated SCI-induced NP and reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of SCI by activating SIRT1 and dampening pAKT, P53, and p-NF-KB. BoNT with a concentration of 0.1 nm and MC with a concentration of 20 uM were selected for the experiment in the primary microglia and astrocytes treated with LPS. It was found that the combination of BoNT and MC obviously inhibits the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of glial cells, and notably activates SIRT1 and restrains pAKT, P53, and p-NF-KB. Therefore, in the treatment of SCI-induced NP, the combination of BoNT and MC markedly improves the therapeutic effect of NP by promoting the SIRT1 expression, thereby inactivating NF-KB, P53, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress as well as relieving SCI-induced NP.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Astaxanthin as a Potential Neurotherapeutic Agent

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Eshak I. Bahbah ◽  
Sherief Ghozy ◽  
Mohamed S. Attia ◽  
Ahmed Negida ◽  
Talha Bin Emran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system that affect millions of people, and the numbers are rising gradually. In the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the roles of many signaling pathways were elucidated; however, the exact pathophysiology of neurological disorders and possible effective therapeutics have not yet been precisely identified. This necessitates developing multi-target treatments, which would simultaneously modulate neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The present review aims to explore the potential therapeutic use of astaxanthin (ASX) in neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases. ASX, a member of the xanthophyll group, was found to be a promising therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent for many neurological disorders, including cerebral ischemia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, autism, and neuropathic pain. An effective drug delivery system of ASX should be developed and further tested by appropriate clinical trials.

scholarly journals Methodologies to Assess the Bioactivity of an Herbal Extract on Immunity, Health, Welfare and Production Performance in the Chicken: The Case of Melissa officinalis L. Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélique Travel ◽  
Angélique Petit ◽  
Perrine Barat ◽  
Anne Collin ◽  
Camille Bourrier-Clairat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The potential of herbal extracts containing bioactive compounds to strengthen immunity could contribute to reducing antimicrobial use in poultry. This study aimed at developing a reliable and robust methodological pipeline to assess the ability of herbal extracts to strengthen chicken innate defenses, especially concerning inflammation and oxidative stress. This methodology was applied to Melissa officinalis L. (MEL) extract, recognized for its biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Different methods were used to (1). guarantee the quality of MEL extract and its capacity to stimulate the innate immune system; (2). evaluate the relevance of an ex vivo model to mimic inflammatory and oxidative stress challenges to replace LPS injection in chickens; (3). analyse the effects of feed supplemented with MEL extract on inflammation and oxidative stress induced ex vivo; (4). assess the effects of MEL extract on the redox balance, health, welfare and performance in broilers exposed to suboptimal starting conditions through a large-scale approach. The quality of MEL extract preparations, through phytochemical quantification of rosmarinic acid (RA), revealed varying concentrations of RA in the different MEL extracts. RA concentrations remained stable for at least 9 months and in feed three months after incorporating MEL extract. When incubated with chicken cell lines MEL extract showed potential metabolic activation and ability to stimulate immune functions but induced cytotoxicity at high concentrations. The original ex vivo model of inflammation developed on chicken blood cells enabled inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers to be expressed and revealed antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of blood cells from chickens fed MEL extract. The experimental model of chicken suboptimal starting conditions validated beneficial effects of MEL extract on the redox balance and also evidenced improved performance during the growth phase, a tendency for fewer muscle defects but a higher severity of pododermatitis lesions without affecting other welfare indicators. This study grouped methods and tools that could be combined according to the plant extract, the needs of professionals working in poultry production systems and staff responsible for animal health, welfare and feeding.

scholarly journals Benefits and harms of pregabalin in the management of neuropathic pain: a rapid review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igho J Onakpoya ◽  
Elizabeth T Thomas ◽  
Joseph J Lee ◽  
Ben Goldacre ◽  
Carl J Heneghan
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Oedema ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Quality Evidence

ObjectiveTo assess the benefits and harms of pregabalin in the management of neuropathic pain.DesignRapid review and meta-analysis of phase III, randomised, placebo-controlled trials.ParticipantsAdults aged 18 years and above with neuropathic pain defined according to the International Association for the Study of Pain criteria.InterventionsPregabalin or placebo.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur primary outcomes were pain (as measured using validated scales) and adverse events. Our secondary outcomes were sleep disturbance, quality of life, Patient Global Impression of Change, Clinician Global Impression scale, anxiety and depression scores, overall discontinuations and discontinuations because of adverse events.ResultsWe included 28 trials comprising 6087 participants. The neuropathic pain conditions studied were diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, herpes zoster, sciatica (radicular pain), poststroke pain and spinal cord injury-related pain. Patients who took pregabalin reported significant reductions in pain (numerical rating scale (NRS)) compared with placebo (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.49 (95% CI −0.66 to −0.32, p<0.00001), very low quality evidence). Pregabalin significantly reduced sleep interference scores (NRS) compared with placebo (SMD −0.38 (95% CI −0.50 to −0.26, p<0.00001), moderate quality evidence. Pregabalin significantly increased the risk of adverse events compared with placebo (RR 1.33 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.44, p<0.00001, low quality evidence)). The risks of experiencing weight gain, somnolence, dizziness, peripheral oedema, fatigue, visual disturbances, ataxia, non-peripheral oedema, vertigo and euphoria were significantly increased with pregabalin. Pregabalin was significantly more likely than placebo to lead to discontinuation of the drug because of adverse events (RR 1.91 (95% CI 1.54 to 2.37, p<0.00001), low quality evidence).ConclusionPregabalin has beneficial effects on some symptoms of neuropathic pain. However, its use significantly increases the risk of a number of adverse events and discontinuation due to adverse events. The quality of the evidence from journal publications is low.

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