scholarly journals Active Components and Pharmacological Effects of Cornus officinalis: Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gao ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Zhichao An ◽  
Jian Ni
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Cornus Officinalis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (Shanzhuyu), a herb and food plant in east Asia, has the properties of tonifying the liver and kidney, and nourishing the essence according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. C. officinalis has been commonly used to treat asthenia diseases, liver, and kidney diseases, and reproductive system diseases since ancient times. The objectives of this article were to review the pharmacological effects and phytochemistry of C. officinalis. We conducted a literature review of the pharmacological effects of C. officinalis by different systems and compared the effects with the traditional usages, discussed the research status and potential blanks to be filled. The experimental studies showed that C. officinalis extract and its active components had various pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, anti-osteoporosis, immunoregulation, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular protection, but clinical studies are still needed to assess whether the reported pharmacological activities have confirmed efficacy.

scholarly journals Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Gang-Min Li ◽  
Jun-Ren Chen ◽  
Hui-Qiong Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yu Cao ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Polygonum Multiflorum ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Stress Signaling Pathway

Rhein, belonging to anthraquinone compounds, is one of the main active components of rhubarb and Polygonum multiflorum. Rhein has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as cardiocerebral protective effect, hepatoprotective effect, nephroprotective effect, anti-inflammation effect, antitumor effect, antidiabetic effect, and others. The mechanism is interrelated and complex, referring to NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/MAPK, p53, mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathway, oxidative stress signaling pathway, and so on. However, to some extent, its clinical application is limited by its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Even more, rhein has potential liver and kidney toxicity. Therefore, in this paper, the pharmacological effects of rhein and its mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and safety studies were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the development and application of rhein.

scholarly journals Seeing the Unseen of the Combination of Two Natural Resins, Frankincense and Myrrh: Changes in Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Cao ◽  
Xi-Chuan Wei ◽  
Xiao-Rong Xu ◽  
Hai-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Chuan-Hong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
Natural Resins ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Natural Drugs

For the treatment of diseases, especially chronic diseases, traditional natural drugs have more effective therapeutic advantages because of their multi-target and multi-channel characteristics. Among many traditional natural medicines, resins frankincense and myrrh have been proven to be effective in the treatment of inflammation and cancer. In the West, frankincense and myrrh have been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies since ancient times; in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, they are used mainly for the treatment of chronic diseases. The main chemical constituents of frankincense and myrrh are terpenoids and essential oils. Their common pharmacological effects are anti-inflammatory and anticancer. More interestingly, in traditional Chinese medicine, frankincense and myrrh have been combined as drug pairs in the same prescription for thousands of years, and their combination has a better therapeutic effect on diseases than a single drug. After the combination of frankincense and myrrh forms a blend, a series of changes take place in their chemical composition, such as the increase or decrease of the main active ingredients, the disappearance of native chemical components, and the emergence of new chemical components. At the same time, the pharmacological effects of the combination seem magically powerful, such as synergistic anti-inflammation, synergistic anticancer, synergistic analgesic, synergistic antibacterial, synergistic blood-activation, and so on. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of these two natural resins, along with chemical and pharmacological studies on the combination of the two.

scholarly journals The Multifunctional Effects of Nobiletin and Its MetabolitesIn VivoandIn Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Huang ◽  
Linfu Li ◽  
Weimei Shi ◽  
Hai Liu ◽  
Jianqiong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agent ◽  
Intracellular Targets ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Nobiletin (NOB) chemically known as 5,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethoxyflavone is a dietary polymethoxylated flavonoid found inCitrusfruits. Recent evidences show that NOB is a multifunctional pharmaceutical agent. The various pharmacological activities of NOB include neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection, antimetabolic disorder, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and antioxidation. These events may be underpinned by modulation of signaling cascades, including PKA/ERK/MEK/CREB, NF-κB, MAPK, Ca2+/CaMKII, PI3K/Akt1/2, HIF-1α, and TGFβsignaling pathways. The metabolites may exhibit stronger beneficial effects than NOB on diseases pathogenesis. The biological activities of NOB have been clarified on many systems. This review aims to discuss the pharmacological effects of NOB with specific mechanisms of actions. NOB may become a promising candidate for potential drug development. However, further investigations of NOB on specific intracellular targets and clinical trials are still needed, especially forin vivomedical applications.

scholarly journals Phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities of lemon (Citrus limon L.) – Update Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1496-1505
Author(s):  
Hartati R ◽  
Insanu M ◽  
Mudrika S. N. ◽  
Fidrianny I
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Ancient Times

The lemon plant (Citrus limon L.) is a species from the Rutaceae family that spread from Southeast Asia and spread to all countries in the world. Lemon has been used traditionally since ancient times to treat various diseases and has been tested for various pharmacological activities. The literature review was carried out to study the phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities of lemon plants. The literature compiled by a minimum of 50 scientific articles using search engines such as Science Direct, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, published for a maximum of the last 10 years, includes a minimum of 20 articles in the last 2 years, has a DOI, and the quality of the journal index is reviewed using Scimago. Lemon is very rich in phytochemical compounds, including flavanones such as hesperidin, eriocytrin, naringin, narirutin, didymin; flavones such as apigenin, luteolin, and diosmin; flavonols such as routine, quercetin, mirisetin, isositrol, limositrol, and limositrin; terpenoids such as limonene, limonoids, and carotenoids. Various kinds of in vivo and in vitro studies provide results of various pharmacological activities such as antioxidants, anticancer, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, antiurolithiasis, and antiplasmodial. It is necessary to develop further research on the pharmacological activity of lemon plants in the future.

scholarly journals Traditional application and modern pharmacological research of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichuang Huang ◽  
Qiang Lyu ◽  
Wanying Zheng ◽  
Qiao Yang ◽  
Gang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Eucommia Ulmoides ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Research ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Ancient Times

AbstractAs a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. has been used for the treatment of various diseases since ancient times, involving lumbar pain, knee pain, osteoporosis, hepatoprotection, paralysis, intestinal haemorrhoids, vaginal bleeding, abortion, spermatorrhoea, foot fungus, anti-aging etc. With the developing discovery of E. ulmoides extracts and its active components in various pharmacological activities, E. ulmoides has gained more and more attention. Up to now, E. ulmoides has been revealed to show remarkable therapeutic effects on hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, sexual dysfunction. E. ulmoides has also been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, anti-cancer and immunoregulation activities etc. Along these lines, this review summarizes the traditional application and modern pharmacological research of E. ulmoides, providing novel insights of E. ulmoides in the treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Spirulina terhadap Antikanker

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Ayu Darma Putri ◽  
Icha Putri Winata
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Steroid Saponin ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Chemopreventive Activity ◽  
Cancer Inhibition

Spirulina adalah cyanobacterium mikroskopik berfilamen, mengandung bahan yang bermanfaat bagi manusia antara lain alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, saponin, dan senyawa aktif piperidinone, piperidine, hexadecanenitrile yang merupakan zat dengan aktivitas kemopreventif kanker yang poten. Zat ini mampu menginduksi apoptosis dengan menimbulkan fragmentasi DNA dan kondensasi nucleus dan juga memiliki kemampuan untuk menurunkan regulasi protein anti apoptosis dan meningkatkan regulasi protein proapoptosi. Tujuan literature review ini untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak spirulina terhadap antikanker. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode studi literature review. Sumber pustaka yang digunakan dalam penyusunan literature ini menggunakan buku pedoman terkait ilmu karsinogenesis dan manfaat ekstrak spirulina yang menggunakan penelitian-penelitian terbaru dengan proses pencarian model artikel database yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2005 sampai dengan tahun 2019. Berbagai penelitian eksperimental menunjukan bahwa spirulina memiliki efek antikanker. Ekstrak kasar Spirulina memiliki komponen aktif alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, saponin, dan senyawa aktif piperidinone, piperidine, hexadecanenitrile merupakan komponen golongan senyawa alkaloid yang berperan dalam penghambatan kanker.   Kata kunci: spirulina, manusia, antikanker   THE EFFECTS OF SPIRULINA EXTRACT ON ANTICENCER   ABSTRACT Spirulina is a microscopic filamentous cyanobacterium, containing substances that are beneficial to humans including alkaloid, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and active compounds of piperidinone, piperidine, hexadecanenitrile which are substances with potent cancer chemopreventive activity. This substance is able to induce apoptosis by causing DNA fragmentation and nucleus condensation and also has the ability to decrease the regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and increase the regulation of proapoptotic proteins. The purpose of this review literature is to determine the effect of spirulina extract on anticancer. Method: This writing uses the literature review study method. Literature sources used are manuals related to the science of carcinogenesis and the benefits of spirulina extract from recent studies with the process of searching for database articles published in 2005 to 2019. Results: Various experimental studies have shown that spirulina has an anticancer effect. Discussion: Spirulina crude extract has active components of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and the active compounds piperidinone, piperidine, hexadecanenitrile are components of alkaloid compounds that play a role in cancer inhibition.   Keywords:  spirulina, anticancer

scholarly journals Exotic Spice Illicium Verum Hook.F

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Hafiza Touseef Sayyar
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Chinese Traditional Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Functional Ingredient ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Illicium Verum

Chinese Star anise (Illicium verum hook.f.) spice is generally consumed in food, beverages and confectionery item due to their characteristic spiciness as well as zesty flavor. Star anise is extensively employed in Chinese traditional medicine and as a tonic for home remedies since ancient times for many complaints such as gastrointestinal disorder, colic discomfort and inflammation. The active components present in star anise has been identified by many researchers and several favorable, pharmacological effects of its constituents confirmed and authenticated recently by experiment. Additionally, many studies reveal numerous health effects of this spice. This article concisely reviews the most noticeable investigations which have validated the potential of star anise such as anxiolytic, anti-microbial, antioxidant, chemopreventive, insecticidal, flu prevention, atherogenesis, lactagouge, anticolic action. However star anise is usually nontoxic and used as a functional ingredient of daily cuisine.

scholarly journals Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Andrew Hung ◽  
Mingdi Li ◽  
Angela Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) has been widely used as an antitussive herb for thousands of years in China. However, FTB’s traditional uses, chemical compounds and pharmacological activities have not been systematically reviewed. This study aimed to review its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. We searched the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine to explore the historical records which indicate that it acts to clear heat, resolve phlegm, relieve cough, remove toxicity and disperse abscesses and nodules. We searched 11 databases to identify potential phytochemical or pharmacological studies. Characteristics of its chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetic and toxicity were descriptively summarized. A total of 9706 studies were identified and 83 of them were included. As a result, 134 chemical constituents were identified, including 26 alkaloids, 29 compounds found in essential oils, 13 diterpenoids, two carbohydrates, two sterols, 18 amino acids, six nucleosides, four nucleobases, four fatty acids, three lignans, and 27 elements. Thirteen pharmacological effects of FTB were identified, including anti-cancer, tracheobronchial relaxation, antitussive, expectorant, anti-muscarinic, anti-inflammation, anti-thyroid, regulation of blood rheology, antiulcer, anti-diarrhea, pain suppression, antioxidation and neuroprotection. These pharmacological activities may be mainly attributed to the alkaloids in FTB. Further phytochemical, pharmacological and network pharmacological studies are recommended.

A Comprehensive Review on the Therapeutic Versatility of Imidazo [2,1-b]thiazoles

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (40) ◽  
pp. 6864-6887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Adil Shareef ◽  
Irfan Khan ◽  
Bathini Nagendra Babu ◽  
Ahmed Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Thiazole Derivatives ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Derivatives Of

Background:: Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, a well-known fused five-membered hetrocycle is one of the most promising and versatile moieties in the area of medicinal chemistry. Derivatives of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole have been investigated for the development of new derivatives that exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. This fused heterocycle is also a part of a number of therapeutic agents. Objective:: To review the extensive pharmacological activities of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives and the new molecules developed between 2000-2018 and their usefulness. Method:: Thorough literature review of all relevant papers and patents was conducted. Conclusion:: The present review, covering a number of aspects, is expected to provide useful insights in the design of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-based compounds and would inspire the medicinal chemists for a comprehensive and target-oriented information to achieve a major breakthrough in the development of clinically viable candidates.

Arthrophytum scoparium Extract Improves Memory Impairment and Affects Acetylcholinesterase Activity In Mice Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
Med A. Smach ◽  
Jawhar Hafsa ◽  
Bassem Charfeddine ◽  
Hedi Dridi ◽  
Khalifa Limem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Mice Brain

Background: Arthrophytum scoparium (Pomel) Iljin (Amaranthaceae family) has been widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine to treat many disorders such as migraine, headache, and neurological disorders. This study investigates the effect of Arthrophytum scoparium Aqueous Extract (ASAE) on cognitive impairments and oxidative injury induced by galactose (10%) in a mouse model. Materials and Methods: The mice were divided randomly into 4 experimental groups, including the control group (saline water 9 ‰), Galactose group, Scop group (300 mg/kg/d), and Scop+Gal group (300 mg/kg/d). Mice received the corresponding solutions by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for 7 days before the Y-maze active tests. Galactose 10% was given to all groups except control and Scop groups, 30 min before the trial. Levels of Acetylcholinesterase Activity (AChE), Ascorbic Acid (AA), Gluthatione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice brains were examined. Results: Chronic administration of galactose significantly impaired cognitive performance in Y maze, caused marked oxidative damages and a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity as compared to other groups. On the contrary, ASAE (300 mg/kg) treatment suppressed galactoseinduced oxidative damage by ameliorating the increased levels of GSH and AA. Moreover, ASAE treatment reduced brain AChE activities in the galactose-induced model. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ASAE exerts potent anti-amnesic effects via the modulation of cholinergic and antioxidant activities. The observed pharmacological activities should be further evaluated by detailed experimental studies and validated by clinical trials.

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