A Comprehensive Review of the Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, Adverse Events, and Quality Control of Indigo Naturalis

Indigo naturalis (IN), which is derived from indigo plants such as Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze, Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spach, and Isatis tinctoria L., has been traditionally used in the treatment of hemoptysis, epistaxis, chest pain, aphtha, and infantile convulsion in China for thousands of years. Clinical trials have shown that the curative effect of IN for psoriasis and ulcerative colitis (UC) is remarkable. A total of sixty-three compounds, including indole alkaloids, terpenoids, organic acids, steroids, and nucleosides, have been isolated from IN, of which indole alkaloids are the most important. Indirubin, isolated from IN, was used as a new agent to treat leukemia in China in the 1970s. Indirubin is also an active ingredient in the treatment of psoriasis. Pharmacological studies have confirmed that IN has inhibitory effects on inflammation, tumors, bacteria, and psoriasis. Indigo, indirubin, tryptanthrin, isorhamnetin, indigodole A, and indigodole C are responsible for these activities. This review provides up-to-date and comprehensive information on IN with regard to its chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, clinical applications, adverse events, and quality control. This review may also serve a reference for further research on IN.

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Naldemedine: Peripherally Acting Opioid Receptor Antagonist for Treating Opioid-induced Adverse Effects

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026620666200710105953 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (31) ◽

pp. 2830-2842

Author(s):

Masanao Inagaki ◽

Toshiyuki Kanemasa ◽

Takaaki Yokota

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Severe Pain ◽

Lead Compound ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Pharmacokinetic Profiles ◽

Structure Activity ◽

The Usa ◽

Relationship Study ◽

The Eu

Opioids are widely used for pain management in moderate-to-severe pain. However, opioids are associated with adverse events, such as constipation and emesis/vomiting. To reduce these undesired effects, a structure–activity relationship study of morphinan derivatives was conducted, and a promising lead compound with inhibitory effects on opioid receptors was obtained. Further improvement in the potency and pharmacokinetic profiles of the lead compound led to the discovery of naldemedine, which showed anti-constipation and anti-emetic effects against these adverse events that were induced by morphine without influencing morphine’s analgesic effect. Naldemedine was launched in Japan and the USA in 2017 and in the EU in 2019, for treating opioid-induced constipation.

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Clinical applications and quality control for the clatterbridge cyclotron trials

Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1016/s0936-6555(89)80012-3 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Clinical Applications

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Metabolic markers for the yield of lipophilic indole alkaloids in dried woad leaves (Isatis tinctoria L.)

Phytochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.04.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 163 ◽

pp. 89-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thi-Kieu-Oanh Nguyen ◽

Paulo Marcelo ◽

Eric Gontier ◽

Rebecca Dauwe

Keyword(s):

Indole Alkaloids ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

Isatis Tinctoria

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MANAJEMEN RISIKO PADA PEMBANGUNAN PENGEMBANGAN HOTEL YANG SEDANG BEROPERASI ( STUDI KASUS PADA PEMBANGUNAN EXTENSION VILLA HOTEL ALILA UBUD )

Jurnal Spektran ◽

10.24843/spektran.2015.v03.i02.p06 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

I Ketut Yasa Dharmika ◽

GAP. Candra Dharmayanti ◽

IBN. Purbawijaya

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Project Work ◽

Limited Area ◽

Satisfaction Level ◽

Acceptable Risk ◽

Work Time ◽

Project Completion ◽

Open Land ◽

Operation Risk

Construction of the hotel development is carried out without cessation of the hotel operations have a bigger challenge because of many things such as: accesses to the hotel, material loading area, noise, safety of guests and hotel staff, working time, demonstrations, etc should be well managed in order to minimize the impacts to hotel operation. Risk is the chance of occurrence of adverse events, which is caused by the uncertainty. The research aims to identify, analyze and how the risks can be managed. The method in this research is Descriptive Qualitative Risk Analisis. Respondents determined by Purposive Sampling, from various stakeholders who are competent in this development. The research are identified 47 risks. Eleven risks are unacceptable risk includes : noise, licensing, planning of MEP works, declining of contractor profit, the rising cost for build a new access roads, land slides, limited parking, hotel access interference, discomfort of the hotel’s guests and staff, disruption in the project work time and delay of project completion due to interruption by the hotel operations. Nineteen risks are undesirable risk includes: public opinion, decreasing of green open land, insufficient capacity of the existing facilities, difficulties in the hotel's marketing, declining of the hotel room’s selling prices, the declining of satisfaction level of hotel guests, decreasing of hotel’s profits, lack of project scope, nappropriate strategy for supplying material and equipment and lack of competence of the project consultants and contractors, inappropriate standard of job’s handling, lack of quality control, inappropriate project organizational, improper work methods, limited area for materials loading, decreasing of cleanliness levels of the hotel, insufficient noise isolation blocks. Ten risks are acceptable risk and seven risks are negligible risk. Major risks are unacceptable and undesirable risk, which are need to be managed by determining their allocation, ownership and mitigation actions.

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Multifunctional Monoamine Oxidases and Cholinesterases Inhibitory Effects, as well as UPLC-DAD-MS Chemical Profile of Alkaloid Fractions Obtained from Species of the Palicoureeae Tribe

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601100920 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luiz Carlos Klein-Júnior ◽

Carolina dos Santos Passos ◽

Juliana Salton ◽

Fernanda Gobbi Bitencourt de ◽

Luís Funez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indole Alkaloids ◽

The Other ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Monoamine Oxidases ◽

Mao B ◽

Bche Activity ◽

Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽

Mao A

In the present study, the effects were evaluated of alkaloid fractions (AFs) from Psychotria species and correlated genera, Palicourea and Rudgea, on monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and cholinesterases (ChEs). By HPLC-DAD and UPLC-DAD-MS analyses, indole alkaloids (IA) were detected in all AFs. For the Psychotria and Palicourea species, these IA corresponded to tetrahydro-β-carboline alkaloids (THβCA). On the other hand, pyrrolidinoindoline core compounds were observed for Rudgea species. Regarding their pharmacological activities, none of the AFs was able to inhibit AChE. However, the BChE activity was impaired by the Psychotria and Palicourea AFs. In addition, MAO-A was inhibited by both AFs, but only Psychotria nemorosa AF was able to inhibit significantly MAO-B. Rudgea AFs demonstrated a poor inhibitory profile on MAO-A. Taken together, our results highlighted the Psychotria and Palicourea genera as important sources of scaffolds for the development of MAO-A and BChE inhibitors aiming at the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.

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Beak Trimming Handbook for Egg Producers

10.1071/9780643093539 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Phil Glatz ◽

Michael Bourke

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Best Practice ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Future Developments ◽

Maximum Productivity ◽

Comprehensive Information ◽

Set Up ◽

Beak Trimming ◽

Farm Biosecurity

The Beak Trimming Handbook for Egg Producers is a straightforward, practical guide to beak trimming of egg-laying hens to minimise cannibalism. It provides comprehensive information on why birds peck and how pecking can lead to problems like cannibalism; the methods available to beak trim birds; why a particular method should be chosen; and at what age birds may be trimmed. The book addresses quality control of beak trimming, enabling egg producers to be confident that equipment is properly set up, that birds are handled and trimmed according to best practice and farm biosecurity is maintained. Management of birds following beak trimming, to protect of the welfare of the birds and to ensure maximum productivity, is covered in detail. Best-practice, current methods of beak trimming, costs of trimming and ways to reduce the use of trimming are examined, along with expected future developments. The advantages and disadvantages of beak trimming are fully explored, covering both public and industry attitudes to the operation. Alternatives to beak trimming are canvassed to understand how the use of fitted devices, enrichment devices, abrasives, low lighting and the choice of low-pecking strains of birds can reduce the need for beak trimming. Finally, the book discusses strategies for minimising cannibalism and how the chosen strategy may be documented and justified. Please note that this book is spiral-bound.

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A Role for the Endogenous Opioid β-Endorphin in Energy Homeostasis

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2002-221096 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 144 (5) ◽

pp. 1753-1760 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Suzanne M. Appleyard ◽

Michael Hayward ◽

Juan I. Young ◽

Andrew A. Butler ◽

Roger D. Cone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Genetic Data ◽

Opioid Antagonist ◽

Male Mice ◽

Wild Type ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Endogenous Opioid ◽

Axon Terminals ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Melanocortin Signaling

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the hypothalamus are direct targets of the adipostatic hormone leptin and contribute to energy homeostasis by integrating peripheral and central information. The melanocortin and β-endorphin neuropeptides are processed from POMC and putatively coreleased at axon terminals. Melanocortins have been shown by a combination of pharmacological and genetic methods to have inhibitory effects on appetite and body weight. In contrast, pharmacological studies have generally indicated that opioids stimulate food intake. Here we report that male mice engineered to selectively lack β-endorphin, but that retained normal melanocortin signaling, were hyperphagic and obese. Furthermore, β-endorphin mutant and wild-type mice had identical orexigenic responses to exogenous opioids and identical anorectic responses to the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone, implicating an alternative endogenous opioid tone to β-endorphin that physiologically stimulates feeding. These genetic data indicate that β-endorphin is required for normal regulation of feeding, but, in contrast to earlier reports suggesting opposing actions of β-endorphin and melanocortins on appetite, our results suggest a more complementary interaction between the endogenously released POMC-derived peptides in the regulation of energy homeostasis.

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Standards of clinical-grade olfactory ensheathing cell culture and quality control (2020 China Version)

Journal of Neurorestoratology ◽

10.26599/jnr.2020.9040023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 217-231

Author(s):

Hongyun Huang ◽

Wenyong Gao ◽

Zhenghui Yan ◽

Aibing Liu ◽

Xijing He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Quality Control ◽

Olfactory Bulb ◽

International Association ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Clinical Grade ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Olfactory Ensheathing Cell ◽

Management Procedures

Currently, there are many different standards for the quality control of olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) culture prepared from human olfactory bulb and mucosa. It is challenging to compare the clinical results of OEC treatment from different hospitals. Based on various standards, the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology (CANR; Preparatory) and China Committee of International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR-China Committee) organized professional experts in this field to evaluate the data and develop a standard for clinical applications, including donor evaluation, sample collection, cell culture, cell testing, packaging labels, storage, transportation, and quality control of intermediate/finished cell products, as well as training and management procedures for laboratory operators, the use and management of materials and equipment, and routine maintenance of a clean environment. These standards apply to the quality and control of OEC culture using human olfactory bulb and mucosa as the sample source for the member units of the CANR (Preparatory) and IANR-China Committee. It serves as a reference for physicians around the world who perform OEC clinical applications. This standard represents the minimum required standards for quality control when performing clinical-grade OEC cultures in clinical neurorestorative treatments.

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