Integrated Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology to Establish the Action Mechanism of Qingrekasen Granule for Treating Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical syndrome resulting from abnormal glomerular permeability, mainly manifesting as edema and proteinuria. Qingrekasen granule (QRKSG), a Chinese Uyghur folk medicine, is a single-flavor preparation made from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), widely used in treating dysuria and edema. Chicory, the main component in QRKSG, effectively treats edema and protects kidneys. However, the active components in QRKSG and its underlying mechanism for treating NS remain unclear. This study explored the specific mechanism and composition of QRKSG on an NS rat model using integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology. First, metabolomics explored the relevant metabolic pathways impacted by QRKSG in the treatment of NS. Secondly, network pharmacology further explored the possible metabolite targets. Afterward, a comprehensive network was constructed using the results from the network pharmacology and metabolomics analysis. Finally, the interactions between the active components and targets were predicted by molecular docking, and the differential expression levels of the target protein were verified by Western blotting. The metabolomics results showed “D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism” and “Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism” as the main targeted metabolic pathways for treating NS in rats. AKT1, BCL2L1, CASP3, and MTOR were the core QRKSG targets in the treatment of NS. Molecular docking revealed that these core targets have a strong affinity for flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. Moreover, the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT1, p-mTOR, and CASP3 in the QRKSG group significantly decreased, while BCL2L1 increased compared to the model group. These findings established the underlying mechanism of QRKSG, such as promoting autophagy and anti-apoptosis through the expression of AKT1, CASP3, BCL2L1, and mTOR to protect podocytes and maintain renal tubular function.

Download Full-text

The Underlying Mechanism of Chinese Herb of Regulating Marrow in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

10.21203/rs.3.rs-699020/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaojian Wang ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Ting Xu ◽

Hongting Jin ◽

Peijian Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Kegg Pathway ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Chinese Herbs ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Active Components ◽

Pathway Enrichment

Abstract Background The lesion of marrow is a crucial factor in orthopedic diseases, which is recognized by orthopedics-traumatology expert from "Zhe-School of Chinese Medicine". The Chinese herbs of regulating marrow has been widely used to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in China, while the interaction mechanisms were still elucidated. Thus, we conducted this study to explore the underlying mechanism of the five highest-frequency Chinese herbs of regulating marrow(HF-CHRM) in the treatment of ONFH with the aid of network pharmacology(NP) and molecular docking(MD). Methods The active components and potential targets of HF-CHRM were obtained through several online databases, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), UniProt database. The gene targets related to ONFH were collected with the help of the OMIM and GeneCards disease-related databases. The "drug- component-target-disease" network and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of the drug and disease intersecting targets were constructed by using Cytoscape software and the STRING database. R software was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The MD of critical components and targets was carried out using Autodock Vina and Pymol to validate the binding affinity. Results A total of 54 active components, 1074 drug targets and 195 gene targets were obtained. There were 1219 ONFH related targets. 39 drug and disease intersection targets(representative genes: IL6, TP53, VEGFA, ESR1, IL1B) were obtained and considered potential therapeutic targets. 1619 items were obtained by the GO enrichment analysis, including 1517 biological processes, 10 cellular components and 92 molecular functions, which is mainly related to angiogenesis, bone and lipid metabolism and inflammatory reaction. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed 119 pathways, including AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. MD results showed that quercetin, wogonin, and kaempferol active components had good affinity with IL6, TP53, and VEGFA core proteins. Conclusion The HF-CHRM can treat ONFH by multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway comprehensive action.

Download Full-text

Predicting the Mechanism of the Analgesic Property of Yanhusuo Based on Network Pharmacology

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19883071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1988307

Author(s):

Wen-Ping Xiao ◽

Yan-Fang Yang ◽

He-Zhen Wu ◽

Yi-yi Xiong

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Interaction Network ◽

Binding Activity ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Active Components ◽

Network Diagram ◽

Pathway Interaction ◽

Pathway Interaction Network ◽

Pathway Analyses

Yanhusuo (Corydalis Rhizoma) extracts are widely used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. The effects of Yanhusuo in pain assays were assessed in a few studies. However, there are few studies on its analgesic mechanism. In this paper, network pharmacology was used to explore the analgesic components of Yanhusuo and its analgesic mechanism. The active components of Yanhusuo were screened by TCMSP database, combined with literature data. PharmMapper and GeneCards databases were used for screening the analgesic targets of the components. The protein interaction network diagram was drawn by String database and Cytoscape software, the gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses of the target were performed by DAVID database, and the component–target–pathway interaction network diagram was further drawn by Cytoscape3.6.1 software. System Dock Web Site verified the molecular docking among components and targets. Finally, an interaction network of the component–target–pathway of Yanhusuo was constructed, and the functions and pathways were analyzed for preliminarily investigating the mechanism of Yanhusuo in analgesia. The results showed that the active components of analgesic in Yanhusuo were Corynoline, 13-methylpalmatrubine, dehydrocorydaline, saulatine, 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-13-methyl-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-8-on-e, and Capaurine. The mechanisms were involved in metabolic pathways, PI3k-Akt signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and so on. The top 3 targets were NOS3, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase in components-target-pathways network, and they were all enriched in metabolic pathways. Meanwhile the molecular docking showed that there was a high binding activity between the 6 components and the important target proteins, as a further certification for the subsequent network analysis. This study reveals the relationship of the components, targets, and pathways of active components in Yanhusuo, and provides new ideas and methods for further research on the analgesic mechanism of Yanhusuo.

Download Full-text

Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pills for Treating Diabetic Nephropathy by Combined Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/7262208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Gaoxiang Wang ◽

Lin Zeng ◽

Qian Huang ◽

Zhaoqi Lu ◽

Ruiqing Sui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Signal Pathways ◽

Active Components ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Liuwei Dihuang Pills ◽

Web Platform

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes, but without a satisfactory treatment strategy till now. Liuwei Dihuang pills (LDP), an effective Chinese medicinal formula, has been used to treat DN for more than 1000 years. However, its underlying mechanism of action is still vague. Methods. Active compounds and corresponding targets of LDP were predicted from the TCMSP database. DN disease targets were extracted from the OMIM, GeneCards, TTD, DisGeNET, and DrugBank databases. Subsequently, the “herbal-compound-target” network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed and analyzed via the STRING web platform and Cytoscape software. GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were carried out on the Metascape web platform. Molecular docking utilized AutoDock Vina and PyMOL software. Results. 41 active components and 186 corresponding targets of LDP were screened out. 131 common targets of LDP and DN were acquired. Quercetin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, diosgenin, and stigmasterol could be defined as five crucial compounds. JUN, MAPK8, AKT1, EGF, TP53, VEGFA, MMP9, MAPK1, and TNF might be the nine key targets. The enrichment analysis showed that common targets were mainly associated with inflammation reaction, oxidative stress, immune regulation, and cell apoptosis. AGE-RAGE and IL-17 were the suggested two significant signal pathways. Molecular docking revealed that the nine key targets could closely bind to their corresponding active compounds. Conclusion. The present study fully reveals the multicompound’s and multitarget’s characteristics of LDP in DN treatment. Furthermore, this study provides valuable evidence for further scientific research of the pharmacological mechanisms and broader clinical application.

Download Full-text

Research on the Mechanism of Guizhi to Treat Nephrotic Syndrome Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/8141075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Dan He ◽

Qiang Li ◽

Guangli Du ◽

Jijia Sun ◽

Guofeng Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Active Component ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Ppi Network ◽

Active Components ◽

Active Compounds ◽

The Core ◽

Target Network

Objective. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common glomerular disease caused by a variety of causes and is the second most common kidney disease. Guizhi is the key drug of Wulingsan in the treatment of NS. However, the action mechanism remains unclear. In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of Guizhi in treating NS. Methods. The active components and targets of Guizhi were screened by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Hitpick, SEA, and Swiss Target Prediction database. The targets related to NS were obtained from the DisGeNET, GeneCards, and OMIM database, and the intersected targets were obtained by Venny2.1.0. Then, active component-target network was constructed using Cytoscape software. And the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was drawn through the String database and Cytoscape software. Next, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID database. And overall network was constructed through Cytoscape. Finally, molecular docking was conducted using Autodock Vina. Results. According to the screening criteria, a total of 8 active compounds and 317 potential targets of Guizhi were chosen. Through the online database, 2125 NS-related targets were identified, and 93 overlapping targets were obtained. In active component-target network, beta-sitosterol, sitosterol, cinnamaldehyde, and peroxyergosterol were the important active components. In PPI network, VEGFA, MAPK3, SRC, PTGS2, and MAPK8 were the core targets. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the main pathways of Guizhi in treating NS involved VEGF, Toll-like receptor, and MAPK signaling pathway. In molecular docking, the active compounds of Guizhi had good affinity with the core targets. Conclusions. In this study, we preliminarily predicted the main active components, targets, and signaling pathways of Guizhi to treat NS, which could provide new ideas for further research on the protective mechanism and clinical application of Guizhi against NS.

Download Full-text

Mechanism of Compound Houttuynia Mixture as an Anti-COVID-19 Drug Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x211016727 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X2110167

Author(s):

Xing-Pan Wu ◽

Tian-Shun Wang ◽

Zi-Xin Yuan ◽

Yan-Fang Yang ◽

He-Zhen Wu

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Target Prediction ◽

Interaction Network ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Active Components ◽

Discovery Studio ◽

The Core ◽

Pathway Annotation

Objective To explore the anti-COVID-19 active components and mechanism of Compound Houttuynia mixture by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods First, the main chemical components of Compound Houttuynia mixture were obtained by using the TCMSP database and referring to relevant chemical composition literature. The components were screened for OB ≥30% and DL ≥0.18 as the threshold values. Then Swiss Target Prediction database was used to predict the target of the active components and map the targets of COVID-19 obtained through GeneCards database to obtain the gene pool of the potential target of COVID-19 resistance of the active components of Compound Houttuynia mixture. Next, DAVID database was used for GO enrichment and KEGG pathway annotation of targets function. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct a “components-targets-pathways” network. Then String database was used to construct a “protein-protein interaction” network. Finally, the core targets, SARS-COV-2 3 Cl, ACE2 and the core active components of Compound Houttuyna Mixture were imported into the Discovery Studio 2016 Client database for molecular docking verification. Results Eighty-two active compounds, including Xylostosidine, Arctiin, ZINC12153652 and ZINC338038, were screened from Compound Houttuyniae mixture. The key targets involved 128 targets, including MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8, MAPK14, TP53, TNF, and IL6. The HIF-1 signaling, VEGF signaling, TNF signaling and another 127 signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 were affected ( P < 0.05). From the results of molecular docking, the binding ability between the selected active components and the core targets was strong. Conclusion Through the combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, this study revealed that the therapeutic effect of Compound Houttuynia mixture on COVID-19 was realized through multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways, which provided a certain scientific basis of the clinical application of Compound Houttuynia mixture.

Download Full-text

Molecular Mechanism of The Effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction On Ulcerative Colitis Based On Network Pharmacology And Molecular Docking

10.21203/rs.3.rs-807332/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Yang ◽

Chao-Tao Tang ◽

Ruiri Jin ◽

Bixia Liu ◽

Peng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Target Genes ◽

Signal Pathway ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Ppi Network ◽

Active Components

Abstract Huanglian jiedu decoction (HLJDD) is a heat-clearing and detoxifying agent composed of four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine. Previous studies have shown that HLJDD can improve the inflammatory response of ulcerative colitis (UC) and maintain intestinal barrier function. However, its molecular mechanism is not completely clear. In this study, we verified the bioactive components (BCI) and potential targets of HLJDD in the treatment of UC by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking, and constructed the pharmacological network and PPI network. Then the core genes were enriched by GO and KEGG. Finally, the bioactive components were docked with the key targets to verify the binding ability between them. A total of 54 active components related to UC were identified. Ten genes are considered to be very important to PPI network. Functional analysis showed that these target genes were mainly involved in the regulation of cell response to different stimuli, IL-17 signal pathway and TNF signal pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that the active components of HLJDD had good affinity with Hub gene. This study systematically elucidates the "multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway" mechanism of anti-UC with HLJDD for the first time, suggesting that HLJDD or its active components may be candidate drugs for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Download Full-text

The mechanism of radix paeoniae rubra in treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Materials Express ◽

10.1166/mex.2021.2052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1354-1365

Author(s):

Meifang Yin ◽

Lijuan Dai ◽

Wenpei Ling ◽

Chunyu Luo ◽

Shuzhi Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Signal Pathways ◽

Active Components ◽

Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) is a widely used herb medicine. To better understand the mechanism of RPR in the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), in this study, the network of protein–protein interaction of the RPR-MIRI targets was constructed and analyzed through network pharmacology and molecular docking. The enrichment analysis was performed and the network map was established, and the componenttarget network was then verified by molecular docking. In the result, there were 14 components and 52 targets related to MIRI. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) analysis displayed 182 biological processes, 44 cellular components, 56 molecular functions. 45 signal pathways were collected from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, which were mainly related to Rap1, PI3 K-Akt signal pathway and so on. Molecular docking verified that the active components had lower binding energy with key targets, indicating that it had better binding activity. In conclusion, the treatment of RPR on MIRI is implemented through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, which makes a provision for exploring the therapeutic mechanism of RPR and expanding its clinical application.

Download Full-text

The Mechanism of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

10.21203/rs.3.rs-490037/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xuedong An ◽

LiYun Duan ◽

YueHong Zhang ◽

De Jin ◽

Shenghui Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Asiatic Acid ◽

Active Components ◽

The Core

Abstract BackgroundOur previous randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical study showed that Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDP) had a significant and safe effect in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR), but its mechanism is still unclear, which we would explain based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.MethodThe active ingredients of CDDP (composed of Panax notoginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., and Borneol) were searched in the TCMSP database. The validated target and Smiles number of the active ingredient are queried through the PubChem database, and the predicted target of the active ingredient is obtained through the Swisstarget Prediction database. The Drugbank, TTD, and DisGeNET databases were retrieved to obtain the related targets of DR. The core targets were obtained by the cluster analysis function of Cytoscape, and then the Protein-Protein Interaction was performed. The GO and KEGG signal pathways were enriched and clustered in David database. The potential active components and targets were docking with Autodock Vina, and the results were visualized by PyMOL.Result51 active components and 922 validation and prediction targets of CDDP, 715 targets of DR and 154 co-targets were obtained. Cluster analysis showed that there were two clusters, a total of 64 targets. Go and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis showed that the top 20 mainly included TNF and HIF-1 signaling pathway. In GO analysis, BP mainly includes positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation and response to hypoxia, CC mainly includes extracellular space and extracellular domain, MF mainly includes protein binding and protein binding recognition. In KEGG database, the key genes in the TNF signaling pathway were TNF, NFkB and VEGF, in HIF-1 signaling pathway were the IL-6, STAT3, HIF1A and VEGF. Molecular docking results showed that all components of CDDP had a certain docking ability with TNF, NFkB, VEGF, IL-6, STAT3 and HIF1A, which of Asiatic acid and Salvianolic acid j was the strongest.Conclusion Based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking, the core active components of CDDP, mainly including Asiatic acid and Salvianolic acid j, which may play a role in regulating cell proliferation and response to inflammation and hypoxia by regulating the binding and recognition of intracellular and extracellular proteins, that is, mainly through TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway.

Download Full-text

Discussing the Mechanism of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

10.21203/rs.3.rs-531851/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xi Cen ◽

Yan Wang ◽

LeiLei Zhang ◽

XiaoXiao Xue ◽

Yan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Target Genes ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Overlapping Genes ◽

Potential Mechanism ◽

Active Components ◽

The Core ◽

Core Genes

Abstract BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is regarded as Pi Dan disease in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction (DHXD), a classical TCM formula, has been used for treating Pi Dan disease in clinic, its pharmacological mechanism has not been elucidated. MethodsThis study used network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking approach to explore the mechanism of DHXD on T2DM. Firstly, the compounds in DHXD were obtained from TCMSP and TCMID databases, the potential targets were determined based on TCMSP and UniProt databases. Next, Genecards, Digenet and UniProt databases were used to identify the targets of T2DM. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established with overlapping genes of T2DM and compounds, and the core targets in the network were identified and analyzed. Then, the David database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Finally, the target genes were selected and the molecular docking was completed by Autodock software to observe the binding level of active components with target genes.ResultsA total of 397 related components and 128 overlapping genes were identified. After enrichment analysis, it was found that HIF-1, TNF, IL-17 and other signaling pathways, as well as DNA transcription, gene expression, apoptosis and other cellular biological processes had the strongest correlation with the treatment of T2DM by DHXD, and most of them occurred in the extracellular space, plasma membrane and other places, which were related to enzyme binding and protein binding. In addition, 42 core genes of DHXD, such as VEGFA, TP53 and MAPK1, were considered as potential therapeutic targets, indicating the potential mechanism of DHXD on T2DM. Finally, the results of molecular docking showed that HIF-1 pathway had strong correlation with the target genes INSR and GLUT4, quercetin and berberine had the strongest binding power with them respectively.ConclusionThis study summarized the main components of DHXD in the treatment of T2DM, identified the core genes and pathways, and systematically analyzed the interaction of related targets, trying to lay the foundation for clarifying the potential mechanism of DHXD on T2DM, so as to carry out further research in the future.

Download Full-text

Study on the Mechanism of Acori Graminei Rhizoma in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5418142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Yi Kuan Du ◽

Yue Xiao ◽

Shao Min Zhong ◽

Yi Xing Huang ◽

Qian Wen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Target Prediction ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Estrogen Signaling ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Active Components

Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. This study explored the curative effect and possible mechanism of Acori graminei rhizoma on Alzheimer’s disease. In this paper, 8 active components of Acori graminei rhizoma were collected by consulting literature and using the TCMSP database, and 272 targets were screened using the PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction databases. Introduce it into the software of Cytoscape 3.7.2 and establish the graph of “drug-active ingredient-ingredient target.” A total of 276 AD targets were obtained from OMIM, Gene Cards, and DisGeNET databases. Import the intersection targets of drugs and diseases into STRING database for enrichment analysis, and build PPI network in the Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, whose core targets involve APP, AMPK, NOS3, etc. GO analysis and KEGG analysis showed that there were 195 GO items and 30 AD-related pathways, including Alzheimer’s disease pathway, serotonin synapse, estrogen signaling pathway, dopaminergic synapse, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Finally, molecular docking was carried out to verify the binding ability between Acori graminei rhizoma and core genes. Our results predict that Acori graminei rhizoma can treat AD mainly by mediating Alzheimer’s signal pathway, thus reducing the production of Aβ, inhibiting the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, regulating neurotrophic factors, and regulating the activity of kinase to change the function of the receptor.

Download Full-text