scholarly journals Limonin Alleviates Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Reducing Lipid Accumulation, Suppressing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjia Li ◽  
Menghan Yang ◽  
Haiyan Lin ◽  
Weixin Yan ◽  
Guanghui Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Lipid Mixture ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Human Liver Cell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and continues to rise in the worldwide. Limonin is a triterpenoid compound widely found in the fruits of citrus plants with a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-viral, anti-oxidation and liver protection properties. However, the potential molecular mechanism of limonin on NAFLD in zebrafish remains unknown. In this study, zebrafish larvae were exposed to thioacetamide to establish an NAFLD model and the larvae were treated with limonin for 72 h simultaneously. The human liver cell line was stimulated with lipid mixture and meanwhile incubated with limonin for 24 h. The results showed that Limonin significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver and down-regulated the levels of lipogenic transcription factors FASN and SREBP1 in NAFLD. Limonin suppressed macrophages infiltration and the down-regulated the relative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α secreted by macrophages. Besides, limonin could reversed the reduction of glutathione and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species through up-regulating NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway in the liver. In conclusion, this study revealed that limonin has a protective effect on NAFLD due to its resistance to lipid deposition as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.

scholarly journals LPS-induced TNF-α factor mediates pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic pattern in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Oncotarget ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (39) ◽  
pp. 41434-41452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ceccarelli ◽  
Nadia Panera ◽  
Marco Mina ◽  
Daniela Gnani ◽  
Cristiano De Stefanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective properties of glycyrrhizic acid

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
S. V. Okovity ◽  
K. L. Raikhelson ◽  
A. V. Volnukhin ◽  
D. A. Kudlai
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The review is devoted to the problem of treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is the most common pathology of the hepato-biliary system worldwide and is characterized by an increasing frequency, including of more severe forms. A wide range of pathogenetic relationships of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with diseases of other organ systems, primarily with diseases of the cardiovascular system, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and diseases of the biliary tract, is presented. The main mechanisms of comorbidity are insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism. An approach to the therapy of this disease based on the concept of comorbidity has been substantiated. As a rational therapeutic choice, a molecule of glycyrrhizic acid is presented, which has pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic and immunomodulatory effects. The evidence base for glycyrrhizic acid is formed by a large array of clinical trials, including randomized placebo-controlled trials conducted both in Russia and abroad, in infectious and non-infectious liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Attention is focused on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with intrahepatic cholestasis associated with a more severe course and high rates of disease progression. A theoretical justification for the use of a combination of glycyrrhizic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid in such patients is presented. The reason for this is the potential synergy of the two molecules, based on the induction of CYP3A4, and associated with the effect on inflammation, as a factor in the development of intrahepatic cholestasis and cholestasis itself.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Alcoholic Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqing Wu ◽  
Huaqing Zhu ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

As the largest vital solid organ in the body, liver is consisting of multiple types of cells including hepatocytes, Kupffer cell, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and other immune cells. The communication between these cells is critical in maintaining liver function homeostasis, and dysregulation of such communication contributes to the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and ectosomes, act as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. EVs can be produced and uptaken by a wide range of cells including all types of cells in the liver. Growing evidences show that EVs are involved in the development of liver diseases, especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In this review, we will summarize recent advance in how EVs production are altered in NAFLD and ALD and how the changes of EVs quantity and cargos influence the progression of these diseases. The therapeutic and diagnostic potential of EVs in NAFLD and ALD will be also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals The value of the triglyceride-glucose index in the diagnosis of insulin resistance in early forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
A. A. Shipovskaya ◽  
N. A. Larina ◽  
I. V. Kurbatova ◽  
O. P. Dudanova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Cytokeratin 18 ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The goal. To determine the value of the triglyceride glucose index (TGI) for the diagnosis of insulin resistance (IR) in early forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Materials and methods. 99 patients with NAFLD were examined: 38 (38.4%) with liver steatosis (LS) and 61 (61.6%) with steatohepatitis (SH). TGI was determined by the formula — In [fasting TG (mg / dl) × fasting glucose (mg / dl) / 2], patients with LS and SH were divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) by increasing TGI levels with an assessment of liver tests, insulin levels (“Insulin TEST System”, Monobind Inc., USA), HOMA-IR, fragments of cytokeratin-18 (FCK-18) ("TPS ELISA, Biotech”, Sweden) and TNF-α (“Human TNFα Platinum” ELISA, eBioscience, Austria).Results. In patients with LS with a TGI increase from Q1 to Q4, HOMA-IR increased from 1.12 ± 0.48 to 6.02 ± 3.15 (p <0.05), a direct relationship was found between these indicators — r = 0.52 (p = 0.03). TGI also correlated with waist circumference — r = 0.81 (p = 0.01), cholesterol — r = 0.51 (p = 0.002), alkaline phosphatase — r = 0.41 (p = 0.02). In patients with SH, from Q1 to Q4, HOMA-IR increased from 3.15 ± 1.8 to 6.2 ± 3.04 (p <0.05), but there was no significant correlation between HOMA-IR and TGI. The levels of FCK-18 increased from Q1 to Q4-139.82 ± 72.45 to 359.75 ± 189.03 U / L (p <0.05) and TNF-α — from 6.38 ± 1.25 pg / ml up to 7.75 ± 1.09 pg / ml (p <0.05). There was a connection between TGI and the level of a marker of hepatocyte apoptosis — FCK-18 — r = 0.43 (p = 0.004).Conclusion. In liver steatosis, TGI has demonstrated its diagnostic role as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, correlating with HOMA-IR. In steatohepatitis, TGI reflected the degree of hepatocytic apoptosis, correlating with fragments of cytokeratin-18.

scholarly journals Role of Carnitine in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Other Related Diseases: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Hit ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Carnitine is an amino acid-derived substance that coordinates a wide range of biological processes. Such functions include transport of long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix, regulation of acetyl-CoA/CoA, control of inter-organellar acyl traffic, and protection against oxidative stress. Recent studies have found that carnitine plays an important role in several diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its effect is still controversial, and its mechanism is not clear. Herein, this review provides current knowledge on the biological functions of carnitine, the “multiple hit” impact of carnitine on the NAFLD progression, and the downstream mechanisms. Based on the “multiple hit” hypothesis, carnitine inhibits β-oxidation, improves mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduces insulin resistance to ameliorate NAFLD. L-carnitine may have therapeutic role in liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, alcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. We also discuss the prospects of L-carnitine supplementation as a therapeutic strategy in NAFLD and related diseases, and the factors limiting its widespread use.

scholarly journals Concept of Fatty liver and its management in Ayurveda

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Punam Behere (Saner) ◽  
Nilesh Subhash Kulthe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Intake ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Fatty liver disease is a most common liver disease affecting a wide range of population worldwide. It is caused due to excessive fat accumulation in liver cells resulting in inflammation in liver. There are various symptoms such as confusion, fatigue, weakness etc. Over-eating is the major lifestyle factor causing fatty liver disease. Alcoholic intake results in alcoholic fatty liver disease Ajirna (indigestion), Sthaulya (obesity) and Prameha (diabetes mellitus) which occurs due to the vitiation of Annavaha, Rasavaha and Medovaha Srotas acts as Nidanarthakara Rogas (diseases which cause another diseases) which may result in the manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver. According to Ayurvedic texts, Panchkarma (Virechana) and herbs like Bhumiamalaki and Guduchi etc. acts a hepatoprotective and improves the functioning of liver.

scholarly journals Effect of Microalgae and Macroalgae Extracts on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Maitane González-Arceo ◽  
Saioa Gómez-Zorita ◽  
Leixuri Aguirre ◽  
María P. Portillo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preventive Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The present review aims to gather scientific evidence regarding the beneficial effects of microalgae and macroalgae extracts on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The described data show that both microalgae and macroalgae improved this alteration. The majority of the reported studies analysed the preventive effects because algae were administered to animals concurrent with the diet that induced NAFLD. The positive effects were demonstrated using a wide range of doses, from 7.5 to 300 mg/kg body weight/day or from 1 to 10% in the diet, and experimental periods ranged from 3 to 16 weeks. Two important limitations on the scientific knowledge available to date are that very few studies have researched the mechanisms of action underlying the preventive effects of microalgae on NAFLD and that, for the majority of the algae studied, a single paper has been reported. For these reasons, it is not possible to establish the best conditions in order to know the beneficial effects that these algae could bring. In this scenario, further studies are needed. Moreover, the beneficial effects of algae observed in rodent need to be confirmed in humans before we can start considering these products as new tools in the fight against fatty liver disease.

scholarly journals Interaction Mechanisms Between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Shao ◽  
Yiping Wu ◽  
Jing Ji ◽  
Tian Xu ◽  
Qiaoyu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Major depressive disorder (MDD), which is highly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has complex pathogenic mechanisms. However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the mutual pathomechanisms involved in MDD and NAFLD development. Chronic stress-mediated elevations in glucocorticoid (GC) levels play an important role in the development of MDD-related NAFLD. Elevated GC levels can induce the release of inflammatory factors and changes in gut permeability. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors activate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which further increases the release of GC. At the same time, changes in gut permeability promote the release of inflammatory factors, which results in a vicious circle among the three, causing disease outbreaks. Even though the specific role of the thyroid hormone (TH) in this pathogenesis has not been fully established, it is highly correlated with MDD and NAFLD. Therefore, changing lifestyles and reducing psychological stress levels are necessary measures for preventing MDD-related NAFLD. Among them, GC inhibitors and receptor antagonists may be key in the alleviation of early and mid-term disease progression. However, combination medications may be important in late-stage diseases, but they are associated with various side effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have been shown to be potential therapeutic alternatives for such complex diseases.

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