scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Taste and Micronutrient Content in Kumamoto Oysters (Crassostrea Sikamea) and Portuguese Oysters (Crassostrea Angulata) From Xiangshan Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Hongqiang Xu ◽  
Shoushuo Jian ◽  
Qinggang Xue ◽  
Zhihua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Xiangshan Bay ◽  
Crassostrea Angulata ◽  
Crassostrea Sikamea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volatile Organic

Oysters are the most extensively cultivated bivalves globally. Kumamoto oysters, which are sympatric with Portuguese oysters in Xiangshan bay, China, are regarded as particularly tasty. However, the molecular basis of their characteristic taste has not been identified yet. In the present study, the taste and micronutrient content of the two oyster species were compared. Portuguese oysters were larger and had a greater proportion of proteins (48.2 ± 1.6%), but Kumamoto oysters contained significantly more glycogen (21.8 ± 2.1%; p < 0.05). Moisture and lipid content did not differ significantly between the two species (p > 0.05). Kumamoto oysters contained more Ca, Cu, and Zn (p < 0.05); whereas Mg and Fe levels were comparable (p > 0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference between the two species with respect to total amount of free amino acids, umami and bitterness amino acids, succinic acid (SA), and most flavoring nucleotides (p > 0.05). In contrast, sweetness amino acids were significantly more abundant in Portuguese oysters. Volatile organic compounds profiles of the two species revealed a higher proportion of most aldehydes including (2E,4E)-hepta-2,4-dienal in Kumamoto oysters. Overall, Kumamoto oysters contain abundant glycogen, Ca, Zn, and Cu, as well as volatile organic compounds, especially aldehydes, which may contribute to their special taste. However, free amino acid and flavor nucleotides may not the source of special taste of Kumamoto oyster. These results provide the molecular basis for understanding the characteristic taste of Kumamoto oysters and for utilizing local oyster germplasm resources.

Relationship between volatile organic compounds, free amino acids, and sensory profile of smoked bacon

Meat Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108596
Author(s):  
Thais Cardoso Merlo ◽  
José Manuel Lorenzo ◽  
Erick Saldaña ◽  
Iliani Patinho ◽  
Alais Cristina Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Effects of Solid-State Fermentation with Eurotium cristatum YL-1 on the Nutritional Value, Total Phenolics, Isoflavones, Antioxidant Activity, and Volatile Organic Compounds of Black Soybeans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Yuxin Huang ◽  
Yulian Chen ◽  
Ziyi Fan ◽  
Ruyang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Black Soybean ◽  
Volatile Organic

In this study, black soybean was firstly processed by solid-state fermentation (SSF) with a probiotic fungus Eurotium cristatum YL-1. The effect of SSF on the nutritional components (including proximate, amino acids, minerals, and fatty acids), total phenolics, isoflavones, antioxidant activity, and volatile organic compounds of black soybeans were revealed. Results of this work demonstrated that black soybean processed by SSF with E. cristatum greatly increased the contents of protein, essential amino acids, and some minerals (e.g., calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium). GC results revealed that more than 80% of the total lipids from both fermented and non-fermented black soybeans were unsaturated fatty acids, and SSF influenced the fatty acids composition. Higher contents of total phenolics and aglycone isoflavones (i.e., genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) of fermented black soybeans were achieved by SSF. Furthermore, SSF with E. cristatum considerably augmented the ferric reducing antioxidant power, scavenging effects against ABTS·+ and DPPH radical, reducing power, and chelating ability of black soybeans, which evaluated with various polarity solvent extracts. HS-GC-IMS analysis detected a total of 66 volatile compounds in FBS and BS, and 56 volatile organic compounds were successfully identified. The intensities of main volatile compounds (i.e., 10 esters, 11 alcohols, and 19 aldehydes) differed remarkably by fermentation with E. cristatum. The intensities of seven alcohols and nine aldehydes considerably decreased, whereas higher levels of esters were achieved by SFF. Thus, our results confirmed that black soybeans processed by SSF with E. cristatum is a promising approach to substantially improve its nutritional value, flavor characteristics, and biological effect, and might have great potential in the development of new functional foods or be used as a new nutritional ingredient applied in food design.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF LUNG FUNCTION STATUS OF WORKERS AT A TRANSFORMER MANUFACTURING PLANT IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Syazawani Shamsudin ◽  
Nurul Farahana Kamaludin ◽  
Nur Syuhadah Khairiri ◽  
Normah Awang ◽  
Anuar Ithnin
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Lung Functions ◽  
Production Area

Transformer manufacturing industry uses volatile organic compounds (VOCs) containing materials such as varnish which can cause adverse health effects to human. Exposure to a high level of VOCs could disrupt the normal functions of a human lung.Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the status of lung functions of the workers exposed to VOCs at a transformer manufacturing plant in Selangor. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration in the office and production area was measured using direct-reading method and 60 subjects were selected to undergo the lung function test. The FVC and FEV1 values showed significant difference (p<0.05) between the exposed group and the non-exposed group. The mean readings of FVC (69.07±12.58) and FEV₁ (72.90±10.46) of the exposed groups were lower than the non-exposed group, which were 81.47±9.78 and 84.23±9.07, respectively. In contrast to the FEV1/FVC parameters, the non-exposed group (102.93 ± 7.17) showed lower mean values than the exposed group (105.90±8.98). Besides that, the nasal symptoms showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the exposed and non-exposed group. The demographic data of the exposed group showed no association with the lung function status of the exposed group workers. However, the lung functions of the exposed group were influenced by the concentration of VOCs in the production area. High concentration of VOCs may cause detrimental effects on the lung functions. Therefore, management or employers in the industry should always be aware of the effects of VOCs, and take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and welfare of the employees.

scholarly journals Observations of volatile organic compounds during ARCTAS – Part 1: Biomass burning emissions and plume enhancements

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 14127-14182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hornbrook ◽  
D. R. Blake ◽  
G. S. Diskin ◽  
H. E. Fuelberg ◽  
S. Meinardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Mixing ratios of a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were observed by the Trace Organic Gas Analyzer (TOGA) on board the NASA DC-8 as part of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field campaign. Many of these VOCs were observed concurrently by one or both of two other VOC measurement techniques on board the DC-8: proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and whole air canister sampling (WAS). A comparison of these measurements to the data from TOGA indicates good agreement for the majority of co-measured VOCs. The ARCTAS study, which included both spring and summer deployments, provided opportunities to sample a large number of biomass burning (BB) plumes with origins in Asia, California and Central Canada, ranging from very recent emissions to plumes aged one week or more. For this analysis, identified BB plumes were grouped by flight, source region and, in some cases, time of day, generating 40 individual plume groups, each consisting of one or more BB plume interceptions. Normalized excess mixing ratios (EMRs) to CO were determined for each of the 40 plume groups for up to 19 different VOCs or VOC groups, many of which show significant variability, even within relatively fresh plumes. This variability demonstrates the importance of assessing BB plumes both regionally and temporally, as emissions can vary from region to region, and even within a fire over time. Comparisons with literature confirm that variability of EMRs to CO over an order of magnitude for many VOCs is consistent with previous observations. However, this variability is often diluted in the literature when individual observations are averaged to generate an overall regional EMR from a particular study. Previous studies give the impression that emission ratios are generally consistent within a given region, and this is not necessarily the case, as our results show. For some VOCs, earlier assumptions may lead to significant under-prediction of emissions in fire emissions inventories. Notably, though variable between plumes, observed EMRs of individual light alkanes are highly correlated within BB emissions. Using the NCAR master mechanism chemical box model initialized with concentrations based on two observed scenarios, i.e., fresh Canadian BB and fresh Californian BB, both plumes are expected to experience primarily decreases in oxygenated VOCs during the first 2.5 days, such that any production in the plumes of these compounds is less than the chemical loss. Comparisons of the modeled EMRs to the observed EMRs from BB plumes estimated to be three days in age or less indicate overall good agreement and, for most compounds, no significant difference between BB plumes in these two regions.

Variation in the amino acids, volatile organic compounds and terpenes profiles in induced polyploids and in Solanum tuberosum varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 112516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Cara ◽  
Patricia N. Piccoli ◽  
Leonardo Bolcato ◽  
Carlos F. Marfil ◽  
Ricardo W. Masuelli
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Comparative Investigation of Combined Metabolomics-Flavoromics during the Ripening of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. ‘Nam Dok Mai Si Thong’ and ‘Nam Dok Mai No. 4’

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2198
Author(s):  
Ye Lin Lin Aung ◽  
Yaowapa Lorjaroenphon ◽  
Pinthip Rumpagaporn ◽  
Sudathip Sae-tan ◽  
Kriskamol Na Na Jom
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Ethyl Octanoate ◽  
Ethyl Decanoate

A metabolomics-flavoromics approach was conducted to assess the micromolecules of ‘Nam Dok Mai Si Thong’ and ‘Nam Dok Mai No. 4’ mango cultivars from two seasons. During ripening, FAMEs, FFAs, fatty alcohols, sterols, and organic acids were dominant at 0–2 days, whereas amino acids, sugars, and volatile organic compounds, including esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and terpenes, were at higher levels at 4–8 days. Nine metabolites (palmitic/linoleic/linolenic/citric/malic acids, β-sitosterol, sucrose, glycine, and leucine) and two volatile organic compounds (ethyl octanoate/decanoate) were related to ripening-associated changes within eight days. During ripening, sucrose at 6–8 days, citric/malic acid at 0–2 days, glycine and leucine at 4 days, and ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate at 8 days could be used as quality biomarkers for Nam Dok Mai Si Thong; palmitic/linoleic/linolenic acids at 0 days and β-sitosterol at 0–4 days could be used as quality biomarkers for Nam Dok Mai No. 4.

scholarly journals Effect of Coriander Plants on Human Emotions, Brain Electrophysiology, and Salivary Secretion

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Zhang ◽  
Zhaoming Li ◽  
Lingshan Wang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Human Emotions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Band Activity

Coriander is a popular herb with versatile applications. However, the current research about coriander medicinal values have been mainly focusing on its extracts while lacking in the relationship between living coriander plants and emotion. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of coriander plants on human emotions and physiological activities. The results showed that the main Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of coriander plants were 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, d-limonene, eucalyptol, benzyl alcohol, Isophorone, dimethyl glutarate, α-terpineol, styrene, methyl methacrylate, α-pinene. Coriander plants could significantly reduce the angry sub-scores, alpha amylase and amino acids (arginine, proline, histidine, and taurine) concentrations in saliva. Theta (4–8 Hz) band activity of the cerebral cortex was significantly enhanced. Moreover, taurine significantly positively correlated with anger and negatively correlated with vigor. All the results signified that coriander plant could influence the activity of brain electrophysiological and salivary secretion through its VOCs to improve people’s negative emotions.

scholarly journals Emission Rates of Volatile Organic Compounds Released from Newly Produced Household Furniture Products Using a Large-Scale Chamber Testing Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1597-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy Xuan Ho ◽  
Ki-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jong Ryeul Sohn ◽  
Youn Hee Oh ◽  
Ji-Won Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Equilibrium Emission

The emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured to investigate the emission characteristics of five types of common furniture products using a 5 m3size chamber at 25°C and 50% humidity. The results indicated that toluene andα-pinene are the most dominant components. The emission rates of individual components decreased constantly through time, approaching the equilibrium emission level. The relative ordering of their emission rates, if assessed in terms of total VOC (TVOC), can be arranged as follows: dining table > sofa > desk chair > bedside table > cabinet. If the emission rates of VOCs are examined between different chemical groups, they can also be arranged in the following order: aromatic (AR) > terpenes (TER) > carbonyl (CBN) > others > paraffin (PR) > olefin (HOL) > halogenated paraffin (HPR). In addition, if emission strengths are compared between coated and uncoated furniture, there is no significant difference in terms of emission magnitude. Our results indicate that the emission characteristics of VOC are greatly distinguished between different furniture products in terms of relative dominance between different chemicals.

Indoor environmental conditions in schoolchildren’s homes in central-south China

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 956-971
Author(s):  
Jinhua Hu ◽  
Nianping Li ◽  
Shenghua Zou ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshino ◽  
U Yanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
South China ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Central South

A field investigation on indoor environmental conditions was performed in homes with primary school children in Changsha, a city located in central-south China. The main purpose is to obtain more reliable and comprehensive data relating to the health of children. The results showed that the average temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in October were 20.4°C, 56.7% and 398 ppm, while in January were 10.5°C, 55% and 475 ppm, respectively. The monitored PM2.5 concentrations were greater than the Chinese national standard GB 3095–2012 (75 μg/m3), with a significant difference found between October and January ( p <  0.05). Carbonyl compounds were much lower than the corresponding specified limits. However, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in some homes in January exceeded the Chinese standard GB/T 18883–2002 (600 μg/m3). The most common constituents of semi-volatile organic compounds in house dusts were di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate. Furthermore, Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus were all found in indoor air and house dusts. Children’s daily intake of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and TVOC were primary from their bedrooms rather than living rooms ( p <  0.05). These results would contribute to the public awareness of indoor environmental conditions and possible impacts on school-age children in their homes.

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