scholarly journals Cell wall mechanics and growth control in plants: the role of pectins revisited

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Peaucelle ◽  
Siobhan Braybrook ◽  
Herman Höfte
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Cell Wall Mechanics

scholarly journals Xyloglucan remodelling defines differential tissue expansion in plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Melina Velasquez ◽  
Xiaoyuan Guo ◽  
Marçal Gallemi ◽  
Bibek Aryal ◽  
Peter Venhuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Interference ◽  
Cell Wall Mechanics

Size control is a fundamental question in biology, showing incremental complexity in case of plants whose cells possess a rigid cell wall. The phytohormone auxin is a vital growth regulator with central importance for differential growth control. Here we show that growth inducing and repressing auxin conditions correlate with reduced and enhanced complexity of extracellular xyloglucans, respectively. In agreement, genetic interference with xyloglucan complexity distinctly modulates auxin-dependent differential growth rates. Our work proposes that an auxin-dependent, spatially defined effect on xyloglucan structure and its effect on cell wall mechanics specify differential, gravitropic hypocotyl growth.

Role of bacterial cell wall proteinase in antihypertension

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Flambard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Bacterial Cell Wall

scholarly journals An R2R3-type myeloblastosis transcription factor MYB103 is involved in phosphorus remobilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangwei Yu ◽  
Shenyun Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Abstract The members of myeloblastosis transcription factor (MYB TF) family are involved in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the role of MYB TF in phosphorus remobilization remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we show that an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor, MYB103, is involved in phosphorus (P) remobilization. MYB103 was remarkably induced by P deficiency in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). As cabbage lacks the proper mutant for elucidating the mechanism of MYB103 in P deficiency, another member of the crucifer family, Arabidopsis thaliana was chosen for further study. The transcript of its homologue AtMYB103 was also elevated in response to P deficiency in A. thaliana, while disruption of AtMYB103 (myb103) exhibited increased sensitivity to P deficiency, accompanied with decreased tissue biomass and soluble P concentration. Furthermore, AtMYB103 was involved in the P reutilization from cell wall, as less P was released from the cell wall in myb103 than in wildtype, coinciding with the reduction of ethylene production. Taken together, our results uncover an important role of MYB103 in the P remobilization, presumably through ethylene signaling.

scholarly journals Differential Role of Threonine and Tyrosine Phosphorylation in the Activation and Activity of the Yeast MAPK Slt2

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Gema González-Rubio ◽  
Ángela Sellers-Moya ◽  
Humberto Martín ◽  
María Molina
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Activation Loop ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Dual Specificity ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Full Activation

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Slt2 is central to signaling through the yeast Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathway. MAPKs are regulated by phosphorylation at both the threonine and tyrosine of the conserved TXY motif within the activation loop (T190/Y192 in Slt2). Since phosphorylation at both sites results in the full activation of MAPKs, signaling through MAPK pathways is monitored with antibodies that detect dually phosphorylated forms. However, most of these antibodies also recognize monophosphorylated species, whose relative abundance and functionality are diverse. By using different phosphospecific antibodies and phosphate-affinity (Phos-tag) analysis on distinct Slt2 mutants, we determined that Y192- and T190-monophosphorylated species coexist with biphosphorylated Slt2, although most of the Slt2 pool remains unphosphorylated following stress. Among the monophosphorylated forms, only T190 exhibited biological activity. Upon stimulation, Slt2 is first phosphorylated at Y192, mainly by the MAPKK Mkk1, and this phosphorylation is important for the subsequent T190 phosphorylation. Similarly, dephosphorylation of Slt2 by the Dual Specificity Phosphatase (DSP) Msg5 is ordered, with dephosphorylation of T190 depending on previous Y192 dephosphorylation. Whereas Y192 phosphorylation enhances the Slt2 catalytic activity, T190 is essential for this activity. The conserved T195 residue is also critical for Slt2 functionality. Mutations that abolish the activity of Slt2 result in a high increase in inactive Y192-monophosphorylated Slt2. The coexistence of different Slt2 phosphoforms with diverse biological significance highlights the importance of the precise detection of the Slt2 phosphorylation status.

scholarly journals Peptidogalactomannan from Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cell wall: role of the chemical structure in recognition and activation by peritoneal macrophages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Maria Pires dos Santos ◽  
Gustavo Ramalho Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva Xisto ◽  
Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro ◽  
Andréa Regina de Souza Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall

The role of the exocytic pathway in cell wall assembly in yeast

Yeast ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingguo Guo ◽  
Na Meng ◽  
Guanzhi Fan ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Yuan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Wall Assembly ◽  
Exocytic Pathway

scholarly journals Even Visually Intact Cell Walls in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Are Chemically Deteriorated and Mechanically Fragile: A Case of a 170 Year-Old Shipwreck

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuyang Han ◽  
Xingling Tian ◽  
Tobias Keplinger ◽  
Haibin Zhou ◽  
Ren Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
Waterlogged Archaeological Wood ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Crystallite Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Mechanics

Structural and chemical deterioration and its impact on cell wall mechanics were investigated for visually intact cell walls (VICWs) in waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW). Cell wall mechanical properties were examined by nanoindentation without prior embedding. WAW showed more than 25% decrease of both hardness and elastic modulus. Changes of cell wall composition, cellulose crystallite structure and porosity were investigated by ATR-FTIR imaging, Raman imaging, wet chemistry, 13C-solid state NMR, pyrolysis-GC/MS, wide angle X-ray scattering, and N2 nitrogen adsorption. VICWs in WAW possessed a cleavage of carboxyl in side chains of xylan, a serious loss of polysaccharides, and a partial breakage of β-O-4 interlinks in lignin. This was accompanied by a higher amount of mesopores in cell walls. Even VICWs in WAW were severely deteriorated at the nanoscale with impact on mechanics, which has strong implications for the conservation of archaeological shipwrecks.

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