scholarly journals Physiological and Gene Expression Changes of Clematis crassifolia and Clematis cadmia in Response to Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingdi Hu ◽  
Renjuan Qian ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
Xule Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Temperature Adaptability

Clematis is a superior perennial ornamental vine known for varied colors and shapes of its flowers. Clematis crassifolia is sensitive to high temperature, whereas Clematis cadmia has a certain temperature adaptability. Here we analyzed the potential regulatory mechanisms of C. crassifolia and C. cadmia in response to heat stress by studying the photosynthesis, antioxidant parameters, amino acids, and gene expression patterns under three temperature treatments. Heat stress caused the fading of leaves; decreased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity; increased 13 kinds of amino acids content; and up-regulated the expression of seven genes, including C194329_G3, C194434_G1, and C188817_g1, etc., in C. crassifolia plants. Under the treatments of heat stress, the leaf tips of C. cadmia were wilted, and the net photosynthetic rate and soluble protein content decreased, with the increase of 12 amino acids content and the expression of c194329_g3, c194434_g1, and c195983_g1. Our results showed that C. crassifolia and C. cadmia had different physiological and molecular response mechanisms to heat stress during the ecological adaptation.

scholarly journals Dietary protein-bound or free amino acids differently affect intestinal morphology, gene expression of amino acid transporters, and serum amino acids of pigs exposed to heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Morales ◽  
Tania Gómez ◽  
Yuri D Villalobos ◽  
Hugo Bernal ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Low Protein

Abstract Pigs exposed to heat stress (HS) increase body temperature in which can damage the intestinal epithelia and affect the absorption and availability of amino acids (AA). Protein digestion and metabolism further increase body temperature. An experiment was conducted with six pairs of pigs (of 47.3 ± 1.3 kg initial body weight) exposed to natural HS to assess the effect of substituting dietary protein-bound AA by free AA on morphology and gene expression of intestinal epithelial and serum concentration (SC) of free AA. Treatments were: high protein, 21.9% crude protein (CP) diet (HShp) and low protein, 13.5% CP diet supplemented with crystalline Lys, Thr, Met, Trp, His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Val (HSaa). The HShp diet met or exceeded all AA requirements. The HSaa diet was formulated on the basis of ideal protein. Pigs were fed the same amount at 0700 and 1900 hours during the 21-d study. Blood samples were collected at 1700 hours (2.0 h before the evening meal), 2030 hours, and 2130 hours (1.5 and 2.5 h after the evening meal). At the end, all pigs were sacrificed to collect intestinal mucosa and a 5-cm section from each segment of the small intestine from each pig. Villi measures, expression of AA transporters (y+L and B0) in mucosa, and SC of AA were analyzed. Ambient temperature fluctuated daily from 24.5 to 42.6 °C. Weight gain and G.F were not affected by dietary treatment. Villi height tended to be larger (P ≤ 0.10) and the villi height:crypt depth ratio was higher in duodenum and jejunum of pigs fed the HSaa diet (P < 0.05). Gene expression of transporter y+L in jejunum tended to be lower (P < 0.10) and transporter B0 in the ileum was lower (P < 0.05) in HSaa pigs. Preprandial (1700 hours) SC of Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Thr, Trp, and Val was higher (P < 0.05), and Phe tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in HShp pigs. At 2030 hours (1.5 h postprandial), serum Lys, Met, and Thr were higher in the HSaa pigs (P < 0.05). At 2130 hours (2.5 h), Arg, His, Ile, Phe, and Trp were lower (P < 0.05); Met was higher (P < 0.05); and Lys tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in HSaa pigs. In conclusion, feeding HS pigs with low protein diets supplemented with free AA reduces the damage of the intestinal epithelia and seems to improve its absorption capacity, in comparison with HS pigs fed diets containing solely protein-bound AA. This information is useful to formulate diets that correct the reduced AA consumption associated with the decreased voluntary feed intake of pigs under HS.

scholarly journals RNA-seq: primary cells, cell lines and heat stress

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J Schmdt ◽  
Elizabeth M Pritchett ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Richard V.N. Davis ◽  
Allen Hubbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Individual Gene ◽  
Examine Gene Expression ◽  
A Cell

Transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq has emerged as a high-throughput, cost-effective means to evaluate the expression pattern of genes in organisms. Unlike other methods, such as microarrays or quantitative PCR, RNA-seq is a target free method that permits analysis of essentially any RNA that can be amplified from a cell or tissue. At its most basic, RNA-seq can determine individual gene expression levels by counting the number of times a particular transcript was found in the sequence data. Transcript levels can be compared across multiple samples to identify differentially expressed genes and infer differences in biological states between the samples. We have used this approach to examine gene expression patterns in chicken and human cells, with particular interest in determining response to heat stress.

scholarly journals Metabolite Changes After Metabolic Surgery – Associations to Parameters Reflecting Glucose Homeostasis and Lipid Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Ahlin ◽  
Consuelo Cefalo ◽  
Isabel Bondia-Pons ◽  
Kajetan Trošt ◽  
Esmeralda Capristo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mrna Levels

AimsTo test the hypothesis that adipose tissue gene expression patterns would be affected by metabolic surgery and we aimed to identify genes and metabolic pathways as well as metabolites correlating with metabolic changes following metabolic surgery.Materials and MethodsThis observational study was conducted at the Obesity Unit at the Catholic University Hospital of the Sacred Heart in Rome, Italy. Fifteen patients, of which six patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and nine patients underwent biliopancreatic diversion, were included. The participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Small polar metabolites were analyzed with a two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). Gene expression analysis of genes related to metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids were analyzed in subcutaneous adipose tissue. All procedures were performed at study start and at follow-up (after 185.3 ± 72.9 days).ResultsTwelve metabolites were significantly changed after metabolic surgery. Six metabolites were identified as 3-indoleacetic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, valine, glutamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid and alpha-tocopherol. The branched chain amino acids displayed a significant decrease together with a decrease in BCAT1 adipose tissue mRNA levels. Changes in the identified metabolites were associated to changes in lipid, insulin and glucose levels.ConclusionsOur study has identified metabolites and metabolic pathways that are altered by metabolic surgery and may be used as biomarkers for metabolic improvement.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiles during short-term heat stress; branchingvs.massive Scleractinian corals of the Red Sea

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Maor-Landaw ◽  
Oren Levy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Stress Genes

It is well-established that there is a hierarchy of susceptibilities amongst coral genera during heat-stress. However, molecular mechanisms governing these differences are still poorly understood. Here we explored if specific corals possessing different morphologies and different susceptibilities to heat stress may manifest varied gene expression patterns. We examined expression patterns of seven genes in the branching coralsStylophora pistillataandAcropora eurystomaand additionally in the massive robust coral,Poritessp. The tested genes are representatives of key cellular processes occurring during heat-stress in Cnidaria: oxidative stress, ER stress, energy metabolism, DNA repair and apoptosis. Varied response to the heat-stress, in terms of visual coral paling, algal maximum quantum yield and host gene expression was evident in the different growth forms. The two branching corals exhibited similar overall responses that differed from that of the massive coral.A. eurystomathat is considered as a susceptible species did not bleach in our experiment, but tissue sloughing was evident at 34 °C. Interestingly, in this species redox regulation genes were up-regulated at the very onset of the thermal challenge. InS. pistillata, bleaching was evident at 34 °C and most of the stress markers were already up-regulated at 32 °C, either remaining highly expressed or decreasing when temperatures reached 34 °C. The massivePoritesspecies displayed severe bleaching at 32 °C but stress marker genes were only significantly elevated at 34 °C. We postulate that by expelling the algal symbionts fromPoritestissues, oxidation damages are reduced and stress genes are activated only at a progressed stage. The differential gene expression responses exhibited here can be correlated with the literature well-documented hierarchy of susceptibilities amongst coral morphologies and genera in Eilat’s coral reef.

scholarly journals Integration of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics for Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Response to Heat Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Junheng Lv ◽  
Zhoubin Liu ◽  
Yuhua Liu ◽  
Jingshuang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Metabolome Data ◽  
Accumulation Ability

Heat stress (HS), caused by extremely high temperatures, is one of the most severe forms of abiotic stress in pepper. In the present study, we studied the transcriptome and metabolome of a heat-tolerant cultivar (17CL30) and a heat-sensitive cultivar (05S180) under HS. Briefly, we identified 5754 and 5756 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 17CL30 and 05S180, respectively. Moreover, we also identified 94 and 108 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in 17CL30 and 05S180, respectively. Interestingly, there were many common HS-responsive genes (approximately 30%) in both pepper cultivars, despite the expression patterns of these HS-responsive genes being different in both cultivars. Notably, the expression changes of the most common HS-responsive genes were typically much more significant in 17CL30, which might explain why 17CL30 was more heat tolerant. Similar results were also obtained from metabolome data, especially amino acids, organic acids, flavonoids, and sugars. The changes in numerous genes and metabolites emphasized the complex response mechanisms involved in HS in pepper. Collectively, our study suggested that the glutathione metabolic pathway played a critical role in pepper response to HS and the higher accumulation ability of related genes and metabolites might be one of the primary reasons contributing to the heat resistance.

scholarly journals De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Thermal Adaptation Mechanisms in the Cicada Hyalessa fuscata

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2785
Author(s):  
Hoa Quynh Nguyen ◽  
Yuseob Kim ◽  
Yikweon Jang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Acute Heat Stress

In metropolitan Seoul, populations of the cicada Hyalessa fuscata in hotter urban heat islands (“high UHIs”) exhibit higher thermal tolerance than those in cooler UHIs (“low UHIs”). We hypothesized that heat stress may activate the expression of genes that facilitate greater thermal tolerance in high-UHI cicadas than in those from cooler areas. Differences in the transcriptomes of adult female cicadas from high-UHI, low-UHI, and suburban areas were analyzed at the unheated level, after acute heat stress, and after heat torpor. No noticeable differences in unheated gene expression patterns were observed. After 10 min of acute heat stress, however, low-UHI and suburban cicadas expressed more heat shock protein genes than high-UHI counterparts. More specifically, remarkable changes in the gene expression of cicadas across areas were observed after heat torpor stimulus, as represented by a large number of up- and downregulated genes in the heat torpor groups compared with the 10 min acute heat stress and control groups. High-UHI cicadas expressed the most differentially expressed genes, followed by the low-UHI and suburban cicadas. There was a notable increase in the expression of heat shock, metabolism, and detoxification genes; meanwhile, immune-related, signal transduction, and protein turnover genes were downregulated in high-UHI cicadas versus the other cicada groups. These results suggested that under heat stress, cicadas inhabiting high-UHIs could rapidly express genes related to heat shock, energy metabolism, and detoxification to protect cells from stress-induced damage and to increase their thermal tolerance toward heat stress. The downregulation of apoptosis mechanisms in high-UHI cicadas suggested that there was less cellular damage, which likely contributed to their high tolerance of heat stress.

scholarly journals Gene body DNA methylation in seagrasses: inter- and intraspecific differences and interaction with transcriptome plasticity under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Entrambasaguas ◽  
Miriam Ruocco ◽  
Koen J. F. Verhoeven ◽  
Gabriele Procaccini ◽  
Lazaro Marín-Guirao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Gene Body ◽  
Marine Plants

AbstractThe role of DNA methylation and its interaction with gene expression and transcriptome plasticity is poorly understood, and current insight comes mainly from studies in very few model plant species. Here, we study gene body DNA methylation (gbM) and gene expression patterns in ecotypes from contrasting thermal environments of two marine plants with contrasting life history strategies in order to explore the potential role epigenetic mechanisms could play in gene plasticity and responsiveness to heat stress. In silico transcriptome analysis of CpGO/E ratios suggested that the bulk of Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa genes possess high levels of intragenic methylation. We also observed a correlation between gbM and gene expression flexibility: genes with low DNA methylation tend to show flexible gene expression and plasticity under changing conditions. Furthermore, the empirical determination of global DNA methylation (5-mC) showed patterns of intra and inter-specific divergence that suggests a link between methylation level and the plants’ latitude of origin and life history. Although we cannot discern whether gbM regulates gene expression or vice versa, or if other molecular mechanisms play a role in facilitating transcriptome responsiveness, our findings point to the existence of a relationship between gene responsiveness and gbM patterns in marine plants.

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